麦盖提斜坡碳酸盐岩储层预测技术应用研究
摘要
世界上石油探明储量中碳酸盐岩储集层占57%,天然气探明储量中、碳酸盐岩储集层占33%;塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩地质储量约153亿吨,目前在塔中、塔北已取得巨大成功。塔西南麦盖提斜坡地区也在上古生界石炭系及下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩中发现了油气藏,且下古生界奥陶系中下统灰岩顶面与轮南具有相似的古潜山背景,发育三期岩溶;因此整个麦盖提斜坡碳酸盐岩具有广阔勘探前景。但麦盖提斜坡整体勘探程度低,碳酸盐岩勘探基本处于空白,如何利用现有资料寻找有利区带及目标,取得突破,使麦盖提斜坡成为碳酸盐岩勘探的接替领域,成为摆在我们面前的重大课题。因此在麦盖提斜坡地区展开碳酸盐岩储层预测、流体检测技术及合理技术组合应用具有现实意义。
本文根据麦盖提现有资料特点,选取麦西、群古及鸟山三维区,采用新技术,挖潜老技术,以及合理技术组合,并使地质与物探技术有效结合,探索出了适合本区不同资料的技术组合序列,取得了良好应用效果。在麦西二维区,针对资料品质较差特点,采用古地貌描述、地震相刻画技述及叠后油气检测技术组合,发现了小海子灰岩中缓坡高能相带,优选了麦参1井;针对群古三维勘探程度较高特点,采用古地貌描述、裂缝预测、油气检测,常规属性提取与分析及缝洞雕刻技术组合,解剖该三维,明确了石炭系小海子灰岩及生屑灰岩成藏控制因素,推动了群古1井上钻;针对鸟山新三维,采用常规属性提取与分析,地震相刻画、阻抗反演、缝洞雕刻及其改进方法、AVO分析及裂缝预测技术组合,发现了蓬莱坝内幕台内礁滩,刻画了缝洞体系,优选了玛南井位目标。
Carbonate rock reservoir covers 57% in discovered petroleum reserves in the world, while covers 33% that of in natural gas; the petroleum-in-place of carbonate rock in Tarim basin is about 15.3 billion tons, gaining a great achievement in middle and north of the Tarim basin. The Hydrocarbon accumulation has also been discovered in carboniferous system of the neopaleozoic and carbonate rock in ordovician system of the lower paleozoic . Moreover, in the Lower-Middle Ordovician lower paleozoic, the upper surface of the limestone and Lunnan are similar to each other in terms of the background of buried hill, growing the three stages karst; From above reasons, a bright exploring future will appear in carbonate rock of the whole Maigaiti slope. However, the degree of exploration in the area of Maigaiti slope, on the whole, is low and the exploration of carbonate rock is nearly in the black. According to the present situation, an important topic before us is how to utilize the source in hand to find out the range of profitability and target, a breakthrough being to make the exploration of carbonate rock taken place of that in Maigaiti slope. Therefore, it is of realistic importance to launch the technique of reservoir predication of carbonate rock and fluid detection,which is a rational compounding application of them.
This thesis is on the basis of existing materials, three-dimensional areas, including Maixi, Qungu, and Niaoshan, having been explored by combination of previous and present technique, rational technique, as well as effective association of geologic and geophysical exploration, which has explored a different technical combination sequence suitable for this region, with a good applied effectiveness. In two-dimensional area of Maixi, in view of the shortage of material, the technique of palaeogeomorphic description and seismic face sculpture has been adopted to find the slower-middle slope high energy zone in xiaohaizi limestone,priority being given to Maican1 well as a well location target; in view of a characteristic of high degree exploration in Qungu three-dimensional area,palaeogeomorphic description,fracture predication,hydrocarbon detection, routine attribute extraction and analysis, sculpture of fracture and cave system have been adopted as a result of making definite the controlling factor of forming reservoir,promoting the Qg1 drilling well; in view of new three-dimension in Niaoshan, routine attribute extraction and analysis, seismic face sculpture, impedance inversion, sculpture of fracture and cave system ,AVO analysis and fracture predication have been adopted to find the reef flat inside Penglaiba group and sculpt fracture and cave system,priority being given to Manan1 well location targets
本文根据麦盖提现有资料特点,选取麦西、群古及鸟山三维区,采用新技术,挖潜老技术,以及合理技术组合,并使地质与物探技术有效结合,探索出了适合本区不同资料的技术组合序列,取得了良好应用效果。在麦西二维区,针对资料品质较差特点,采用古地貌描述、地震相刻画技述及叠后油气检测技术组合,发现了小海子灰岩中缓坡高能相带,优选了麦参1井;针对群古三维勘探程度较高特点,采用古地貌描述、裂缝预测、油气检测,常规属性提取与分析及缝洞雕刻技术组合,解剖该三维,明确了石炭系小海子灰岩及生屑灰岩成藏控制因素,推动了群古1井上钻;针对鸟山新三维,采用常规属性提取与分析,地震相刻画、阻抗反演、缝洞雕刻及其改进方法、AVO分析及裂缝预测技术组合,发现了蓬莱坝内幕台内礁滩,刻画了缝洞体系,优选了玛南井位目标。
Carbonate rock reservoir covers 57% in discovered petroleum reserves in the world, while covers 33% that of in natural gas; the petroleum-in-place of carbonate rock in Tarim basin is about 15.3 billion tons, gaining a great achievement in middle and north of the Tarim basin. The Hydrocarbon accumulation has also been discovered in carboniferous system of the neopaleozoic and carbonate rock in ordovician system of the lower paleozoic . Moreover, in the Lower-Middle Ordovician lower paleozoic, the upper surface of the limestone and Lunnan are similar to each other in terms of the background of buried hill, growing the three stages karst; From above reasons, a bright exploring future will appear in carbonate rock of the whole Maigaiti slope. However, the degree of exploration in the area of Maigaiti slope, on the whole, is low and the exploration of carbonate rock is nearly in the black. According to the present situation, an important topic before us is how to utilize the source in hand to find out the range of profitability and target, a breakthrough being to make the exploration of carbonate rock taken place of that in Maigaiti slope. Therefore, it is of realistic importance to launch the technique of reservoir predication of carbonate rock and fluid detection,which is a rational compounding application of them.
This thesis is on the basis of existing materials, three-dimensional areas, including Maixi, Qungu, and Niaoshan, having been explored by combination of previous and present technique, rational technique, as well as effective association of geologic and geophysical exploration, which has explored a different technical combination sequence suitable for this region, with a good applied effectiveness. In two-dimensional area of Maixi, in view of the shortage of material, the technique of palaeogeomorphic description and seismic face sculpture has been adopted to find the slower-middle slope high energy zone in xiaohaizi limestone,priority being given to Maican1 well as a well location target; in view of a characteristic of high degree exploration in Qungu three-dimensional area,palaeogeomorphic description,fracture predication,hydrocarbon detection, routine attribute extraction and analysis, sculpture of fracture and cave system have been adopted as a result of making definite the controlling factor of forming reservoir,promoting the Qg1 drilling well; in view of new three-dimension in Niaoshan, routine attribute extraction and analysis, seismic face sculpture, impedance inversion, sculpture of fracture and cave system ,AVO analysis and fracture predication have been adopted to find the reef flat inside Penglaiba group and sculpt fracture and cave system,priority being given to Manan1 well location targets
引文
[1]强子同.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].中国石油大学出版社,1998(2007.3重印)
[2]李蕊.川东北河坝地区飞三段储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2006年第二期.
[3]李洪辉,邬光辉,王洪江,张立平,王成林.塔里木盆地和天河气田周缘构造演化、成藏与勘探领域.现代地质,2009年第4期
[4]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 1993
[5]姜在兴.沉积学[M].石油工业出版社,2003
[6]李明,侯连华,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].石油工业出版社,2005
[7]安海亭.塔北隆起英买力地区火成岩储层预测与圈闭研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2008
[8]王焕弟.岩性油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
[9] Kurt J.Marfurt等著,周巍译.用基于相似的相干算法计算三维地震属性[J],石油物探译丛,1996,6(3):22-46
[10]王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].中国石油大学出版社,2009
[11]王玉学,韩大匡,刘文岭等.相干体技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):192～196
[12] Chopra S. Coherence cube and beyond [J]. First Break , 2002,31(7):71-73.
[13] Marfurt KJ , Kirlin R L , Farmer S L , et al . 1998. 3D seismic attributes using a semblance based coherency algorithm[J ] .Geophysics , 63 :1 150～1 165
[14] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt KJ . 1999. Eigenstructure - based coherence computations as an aid to 3 D structural and stratigraphic mapping[J]. Geophysics , 64 : 104～111
[15] Marfurt K J , Sudhaker V , Gersztenkorn A ,et al. Coherency calculations in the presence of st ructural dip[J] . Geophysics ,1999 ,64 (1) :104～111
[16]刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术[M].石油工业出版社,1996年
[17]勘探地震学,[美] R.E.谢里夫等1995编,石油工业出版社,初英等1999年译
[18]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展.石油物探, 2002,41(4):385-390.
[19]张延庆.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区低孔渗砂岩中优质储层预测技术研究.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文,2008
[20]郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳,等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):397～400
[21]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].中国石油大学出版社,2007
[22]李正文,许多.油气储集层AVO非线性反演方法及应用研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):23～25
[26]葛瑞.马沃可塔潘.木可基杰克.德沃金编著,徐海滨、戴建春翻译,岩石物理手册——孔隙介质中地震分析工具,中国科学技术大学出版社
[24]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M],中国石油大学出版社,2007.5.1
[25]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探.2007,46(1):64-69
[26]高建虎,雍学善,刘洪.叠后地震油气检测技术与应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):385～389
[27] An Ping,2006,Application of multi-wavelet seismic trace decomposition and reconstruction to seismic data interpretation and characterization reservoir, Internat. Ann.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,973-976.
[28]王志刚.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞系统预测技术[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文, 2007.
[29]何镜宇,孟祥化.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造.地质出版社.北京,1987.
[30]戴东林.沉积岩石学[M].中国工业出版社,1965.
[31]夏日元,唐建生等.碳酸盐岩油气田古岩溶研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用[J].天然气地质学,2007,18(4):514~521.
[32]韩革华,漆立新等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(6): 860~870.
[33]艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼,钟建华等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝成因研究[J].特种油气藏, 2009, 16(4): 21~26.
[2]李蕊.川东北河坝地区飞三段储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2006年第二期.
[3]李洪辉,邬光辉,王洪江,张立平,王成林.塔里木盆地和天河气田周缘构造演化、成藏与勘探领域.现代地质,2009年第4期
[4]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 1993
[5]姜在兴.沉积学[M].石油工业出版社,2003
[6]李明,侯连华,邹才能等.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].石油工业出版社,2005
[7]安海亭.塔北隆起英买力地区火成岩储层预测与圈闭研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文,2008
[8]王焕弟.岩性油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
[9] Kurt J.Marfurt等著,周巍译.用基于相似的相干算法计算三维地震属性[J],石油物探译丛,1996,6(3):22-46
[10]王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].中国石油大学出版社,2009
[11]王玉学,韩大匡,刘文岭等.相干体技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):192～196
[12] Chopra S. Coherence cube and beyond [J]. First Break , 2002,31(7):71-73.
[13] Marfurt KJ , Kirlin R L , Farmer S L , et al . 1998. 3D seismic attributes using a semblance based coherency algorithm[J ] .Geophysics , 63 :1 150～1 165
[14] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt KJ . 1999. Eigenstructure - based coherence computations as an aid to 3 D structural and stratigraphic mapping[J]. Geophysics , 64 : 104～111
[15] Marfurt K J , Sudhaker V , Gersztenkorn A ,et al. Coherency calculations in the presence of st ructural dip[J] . Geophysics ,1999 ,64 (1) :104～111
[16]刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术[M].石油工业出版社,1996年
[17]勘探地震学,[美] R.E.谢里夫等1995编,石油工业出版社,初英等1999年译
[18]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展.石油物探, 2002,41(4):385-390.
[19]张延庆.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区低孔渗砂岩中优质储层预测技术研究.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文,2008
[20]郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳,等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):397～400
[21]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].中国石油大学出版社,2007
[22]李正文,许多.油气储集层AVO非线性反演方法及应用研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):23～25
[26]葛瑞.马沃可塔潘.木可基杰克.德沃金编著,徐海滨、戴建春翻译,岩石物理手册——孔隙介质中地震分析工具,中国科学技术大学出版社
[24]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M],中国石油大学出版社,2007.5.1
[25]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探.2007,46(1):64-69
[26]高建虎,雍学善,刘洪.叠后地震油气检测技术与应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):385～389
[27] An Ping,2006,Application of multi-wavelet seismic trace decomposition and reconstruction to seismic data interpretation and characterization reservoir, Internat. Ann.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,973-976.
[28]王志刚.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞系统预测技术[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文, 2007.
[29]何镜宇,孟祥化.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造.地质出版社.北京,1987.
[30]戴东林.沉积岩石学[M].中国工业出版社,1965.
[31]夏日元,唐建生等.碳酸盐岩油气田古岩溶研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用[J].天然气地质学,2007,18(4):514~521.
[32]韩革华,漆立新等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(6): 860~870.
[33]艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼,钟建华等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝成因研究[J].特种油气藏, 2009, 16(4): 21~26.