金龟甲调查及其优势种性信息素鉴定与应用研究
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摘要
昆虫在求偶阶段分泌的用于吸引同种异性昆虫交配的化学信息物质称为昆虫性信息素。金龟甲作为最主要的地下害虫,该类昆虫的性信息素的研究报道却较少。本研究对我国花生主产区进行地下害虫调查,针对其中金龟甲优势种的性信息素进行相关研究,通过室内和田间试验,就铜绿丽金龟的性信息素鉴定和暗黑鳃金龟的田间应用技术,进行了初步研究,主要结果如下:
(1)对河南省花生主产区进行地下害虫调查,结果表明,花生田的地下害虫主要包括蛴螬、金针虫、蝼蛄等。该地区地下害虫以蛴螬为主,7月下旬的平均虫口密度为0.80～18.90头/m2,9月下旬的平均虫口密度为1.00～12.33头/m2。经过分类鉴定,发现暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)、华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblita Faldermann)和铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky)为花生田蛴螬优势种。调查结果还发现,土壤类型、耕作方式、作物布局及防治措施均对蛴螬的种群数量有明显影响。
(2)选择未交配的铜绿丽金龟雌虫,摘取性信息素腺体浸泡得到粗提物,粗提物经过“Y”型嗅觉仪和触角电位仪进行活性测定,发现正己烷浸提物具有较高的生物活性;将有活性的粗提物通过气相色谱-触角电位联用仪检测,发现该活性物质的色谱峰保留时间为26.17min,进行气质联用仪进行分析所确定的活性物质的色谱峰,初步确定该活性物质为5-十四烷基二氢2(3H)-呋喃酮。
(3)系统研究暗黑鳃金龟性信息素比例、剂量、溶剂类型、诱芯载体类型、诱捕器类型以及诱捕器设置高度等几种因素对诱捕量的影响。结果表明,当L-异亮氨酸甲酯: R-(-)-芳樟醇为4:1,总剂量为100mg时诱捕效果明显好于其他设置;并且发现二氯甲烷做溶剂、绿色天然橡胶塞为诱芯载体、采用自制诱捕器并设置于1.5m的高度时诱捕效果最佳。
Many insects attract opposite sex to mate by releasing chemical information compounds, those substances are called insect sex pheromones. Although scarab beetle species are the most important underground pests, the sex pheromone of scarab beetle was rarely reported. Dominant scarab beetle species of our nation′s peanut main producing area were selected as research target, through laboratory and field test, A preliminary study on identified the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) and sex pheromone of Holotrichia parallela (Motschulsky) application technology were completed. The results were as follows:
1. The peanut fields of main producing area were investigated in Henan province, the result shows that soil-inhabiting pests consist of Scarabaeidae, Elateridae and Gryllotalpidae. As the main pest, the density of Scarabaeidae was 0.80～18.90 per centiare in July and 1.00～12.33 per centiare in September. Identified those pests, Holotrichia parallela (Motschulsky), Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) and Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) were dominance pest species. The density of white grubs was influenced by soil types, culture mode, environment and measures of pest control.
2. Abdominal glands were excised from Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) virgin females and placeed in a screw top vial containing solvent. "Y" tube olfactometer and electroantennogram were used to test the potential activity of crude extracts. These results demonstrated that hexane is the best solvent for extract the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta; coupled gas chromatograph-electroantennogram detection assay the crude extracts, a EAD active compound (rentention time = 26.17min) was revealed by using male antennae stimulated with female extracts. Finally, we utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the active compound, preliminary confirmed that the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta is 5-Tetradecyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone.
3. Some factors about sex pheromone of Holotrichia parallelas (Motschulsky) for field application were systematically compared. The results showed that, the treatment that blends of L-isoleucine methyl ester and R-(-)-linalool at a dose of 100mg/septa in the ratios of 4:1 captured significantly more males than other treatments; Dichlorom as solvent, green rubber stopper septa and the traps made by myself hung 1.5m above the ground were three factors good for capture males.
(1)对河南省花生主产区进行地下害虫调查,结果表明,花生田的地下害虫主要包括蛴螬、金针虫、蝼蛄等。该地区地下害虫以蛴螬为主,7月下旬的平均虫口密度为0.80～18.90头/m2,9月下旬的平均虫口密度为1.00～12.33头/m2。经过分类鉴定,发现暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)、华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblita Faldermann)和铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky)为花生田蛴螬优势种。调查结果还发现,土壤类型、耕作方式、作物布局及防治措施均对蛴螬的种群数量有明显影响。
(2)选择未交配的铜绿丽金龟雌虫,摘取性信息素腺体浸泡得到粗提物,粗提物经过“Y”型嗅觉仪和触角电位仪进行活性测定,发现正己烷浸提物具有较高的生物活性;将有活性的粗提物通过气相色谱-触角电位联用仪检测,发现该活性物质的色谱峰保留时间为26.17min,进行气质联用仪进行分析所确定的活性物质的色谱峰,初步确定该活性物质为5-十四烷基二氢2(3H)-呋喃酮。
(3)系统研究暗黑鳃金龟性信息素比例、剂量、溶剂类型、诱芯载体类型、诱捕器类型以及诱捕器设置高度等几种因素对诱捕量的影响。结果表明,当L-异亮氨酸甲酯: R-(-)-芳樟醇为4:1,总剂量为100mg时诱捕效果明显好于其他设置;并且发现二氯甲烷做溶剂、绿色天然橡胶塞为诱芯载体、采用自制诱捕器并设置于1.5m的高度时诱捕效果最佳。
Many insects attract opposite sex to mate by releasing chemical information compounds, those substances are called insect sex pheromones. Although scarab beetle species are the most important underground pests, the sex pheromone of scarab beetle was rarely reported. Dominant scarab beetle species of our nation′s peanut main producing area were selected as research target, through laboratory and field test, A preliminary study on identified the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) and sex pheromone of Holotrichia parallela (Motschulsky) application technology were completed. The results were as follows:
1. The peanut fields of main producing area were investigated in Henan province, the result shows that soil-inhabiting pests consist of Scarabaeidae, Elateridae and Gryllotalpidae. As the main pest, the density of Scarabaeidae was 0.80～18.90 per centiare in July and 1.00～12.33 per centiare in September. Identified those pests, Holotrichia parallela (Motschulsky), Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) and Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) were dominance pest species. The density of white grubs was influenced by soil types, culture mode, environment and measures of pest control.
2. Abdominal glands were excised from Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky) virgin females and placeed in a screw top vial containing solvent. "Y" tube olfactometer and electroantennogram were used to test the potential activity of crude extracts. These results demonstrated that hexane is the best solvent for extract the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta; coupled gas chromatograph-electroantennogram detection assay the crude extracts, a EAD active compound (rentention time = 26.17min) was revealed by using male antennae stimulated with female extracts. Finally, we utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the active compound, preliminary confirmed that the sex pheromone of Anomala corpulenta is 5-Tetradecyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone.
3. Some factors about sex pheromone of Holotrichia parallelas (Motschulsky) for field application were systematically compared. The results showed that, the treatment that blends of L-isoleucine methyl ester and R-(-)-linalool at a dose of 100mg/septa in the ratios of 4:1 captured significantly more males than other treatments; Dichlorom as solvent, green rubber stopper septa and the traps made by myself hung 1.5m above the ground were three factors good for capture males.
引文
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