基于AT91M40800多串口总线系统的研究
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摘要
随着煤矿监测监控系统的普及应用，矿井安全生产管理效率和水平大大提高，但是由于煤矿监测监控系统技术标准不统一、通讯接口和协议种类繁多，造成了国内外各厂商系统和设备间通讯无法兼容的现象。对具体项目做针对性改进是大多数厂商所采用的方法。虽然这种方法可以解决用户的燃眉之急，但是，也给系统带来了可维护性差、升级困难等问题。因此，研制一种能增强网络兼容性的设备是我国煤矿监测监控系统发展的当务之急。
针对上述问题，本文提出了通过多串口系统增强系统兼容性的解决办法，并在调研分析国内外煤矿监测监控系统网络结构、接口规范、通讯协议的基础上，规划设计了多串口系统的硬件和软件方案。通过对多串口系统的硬件和软件测试，结果表明：系统的各项性能指标均达到了设计要求，解决了监测监控系统可维护性差、升级困难等问题，增强了监控系统的兼容性。本文的主要研究内容如下：
多串口系统扩展了以太网、CAN网和RS-485等物理接口。本文通过比较DSP控制器与ARM控制器的性能，最终选用ATMEL公司的以ARM为内核的AT91M40800微控制器作为多串口系统的主处理器，并详细介绍了其内部资源和使用方法；通过比较RTL8019AS、CS8900和DM9000控制器，确定使用具有较高稳定性和易操作性的RTL8019AS作为以太网控制器，并设计了以太网接口电路；由于AT91M40800没有集成SPI、I2C等高速串口，因此本文选择了有较多成熟资源的SJAl000作为CAN总线控制器，并设计了CANBUS接口电路；在此基础上扩展并设计了RS-485接口，增加了红外遥控功能，增强了煤矿井下环境的人机交互性能。
多串口系统的软件设计主要包括各接口驱动程序的设计、任务的调度与管理以及各种应用软件的设计等。为了增强多串口系统的可靠性和抗干扰性能，本文通过比较μClinux与μC／OS-Ⅱ的性能，确定并移植了占用空间少、执行效率高、实时性能优良的μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统。根据IEEE802.3规范，在修改uIP协议栈的基础上，嵌入了精简结构的TCP／IP协议。依据103规范设计并实现了103主站协议，完成了103协议与Modbus协议的相互转换。设计并编写了以太网驱动程序、CAN网驱动程序、RS-485驱动程序以及显示和遥控驱动程序。
本文对多串口总线系统进行了系统调试，内容包括微控制器内核以及外围接口器件的硬件电路调试，μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统和各种协议软件调试。结果表明：多串口系统硬件性能稳定，软件运行可靠，达到了设计要求。
With the popularization and application of coal mine monitor and control system, management level and efficiency of safety production in the coal mine have greatly risen. However, because of the non-unified technical norms and various interfaces and protocols, it is unable to be compatible to communicate directly between systems and devices from the different manufacturers. And then, in order to meet users' different requirements, the manufacturers pertinently improve the concrete project. Although these measures could solve the matter of great urgency, the problems that it is hard to maintain and difficult to promot have also been brought. So, it is quite urgent for the coal mine enterprises to develop a kind of equipment which is able to strengthen network compatibility.
To solve the problem described above, the solution to strengthen system compatibility by multi-serial system has been put forward in this thesis, and the hardware and software schemes of the multi-serial system have been designed on the basis of analyzing the network structures, interface norms and communication agreements of the domestic and oversea monitor and control systems of coal mine. It has been shown by the tests of the hardware and software that: the performances of the multi-serial system have equally accorded with the design requirements, which has perfectly solved the problems that it is hard to maintain and difficult to promotion, meanwhile the compatibility of the monitor and control system has been strengthened. The main works have been done as follows:
The multi-serial system has expanded several physics interfaces such as Ethernet, CAN and RS-485. After comparing DSP controller with ARM controller, the AT91M40800 microcontroller with ARM as the core has finally been selected as the host processor of multi-serial system. At the same time, the inside resources and usages have been introduced in detail. By comparing RTL8019AS, CS8900 with DM9000 controller, the RTL8019AS which is easy in operation and high in stability has been used as Ethernet controller, and the circuit of Ethernet interface has been designed. Because the AT91M40800 microcontroller is not integrated the serial interface at high speed such as SPI, I~2C, the SJA1000 with more mature applications as the CANBUS controller has been chosen, and the interface circuit for the CANBUS has been designed. The interface of RS-485 has been expanded and designed, and the infrared remote control has been added, which has strengthened the performances of the human-computer interaction in the pit at coal mine.
The software designs of the multi-serial system mainly include tasks such as the designs of each interface drivers and various application softwares. To strengthen dependability and anti-interference performance of the multi-serial system, theμC/OS-II operating system taking up less space and with higher execution efficiency and good real-time performance has been confirmed and transplanted by comparingμClinux withμC/OS-II OS. According to IEEE802.3 norm, on the basis of revising uIP protocol stack, TCP/IP agreement with simplified structure has been embedded. According to 103 norm, the protocol of 103 master station has been designed and realized, and the mutual conversion of 103 protocol and Modbus protocol has been completed. Ethernet driver, CAN network driver, RS-485 driver as well as display and remote control driver have been designed and compiled.
The system debugs of the multi-serial system is carried on. The contents include the hardware debugs of microcontroller's kernel and the peripheral interface and software tests toμC/OS-II OS and various protocols. It has been shown by the tests that the hardware performance of the multi-serial system is steady, the software is reliable, and the designing requirements have been satisfied.
针对上述问题，本文提出了通过多串口系统增强系统兼容性的解决办法，并在调研分析国内外煤矿监测监控系统网络结构、接口规范、通讯协议的基础上，规划设计了多串口系统的硬件和软件方案。通过对多串口系统的硬件和软件测试，结果表明：系统的各项性能指标均达到了设计要求，解决了监测监控系统可维护性差、升级困难等问题，增强了监控系统的兼容性。本文的主要研究内容如下：
多串口系统扩展了以太网、CAN网和RS-485等物理接口。本文通过比较DSP控制器与ARM控制器的性能，最终选用ATMEL公司的以ARM为内核的AT91M40800微控制器作为多串口系统的主处理器，并详细介绍了其内部资源和使用方法；通过比较RTL8019AS、CS8900和DM9000控制器，确定使用具有较高稳定性和易操作性的RTL8019AS作为以太网控制器，并设计了以太网接口电路；由于AT91M40800没有集成SPI、I2C等高速串口，因此本文选择了有较多成熟资源的SJAl000作为CAN总线控制器，并设计了CANBUS接口电路；在此基础上扩展并设计了RS-485接口，增加了红外遥控功能，增强了煤矿井下环境的人机交互性能。
多串口系统的软件设计主要包括各接口驱动程序的设计、任务的调度与管理以及各种应用软件的设计等。为了增强多串口系统的可靠性和抗干扰性能，本文通过比较μClinux与μC／OS-Ⅱ的性能，确定并移植了占用空间少、执行效率高、实时性能优良的μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统。根据IEEE802.3规范，在修改uIP协议栈的基础上，嵌入了精简结构的TCP／IP协议。依据103规范设计并实现了103主站协议，完成了103协议与Modbus协议的相互转换。设计并编写了以太网驱动程序、CAN网驱动程序、RS-485驱动程序以及显示和遥控驱动程序。
本文对多串口总线系统进行了系统调试，内容包括微控制器内核以及外围接口器件的硬件电路调试，μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统和各种协议软件调试。结果表明：多串口系统硬件性能稳定，软件运行可靠，达到了设计要求。
With the popularization and application of coal mine monitor and control system, management level and efficiency of safety production in the coal mine have greatly risen. However, because of the non-unified technical norms and various interfaces and protocols, it is unable to be compatible to communicate directly between systems and devices from the different manufacturers. And then, in order to meet users' different requirements, the manufacturers pertinently improve the concrete project. Although these measures could solve the matter of great urgency, the problems that it is hard to maintain and difficult to promot have also been brought. So, it is quite urgent for the coal mine enterprises to develop a kind of equipment which is able to strengthen network compatibility.
To solve the problem described above, the solution to strengthen system compatibility by multi-serial system has been put forward in this thesis, and the hardware and software schemes of the multi-serial system have been designed on the basis of analyzing the network structures, interface norms and communication agreements of the domestic and oversea monitor and control systems of coal mine. It has been shown by the tests of the hardware and software that: the performances of the multi-serial system have equally accorded with the design requirements, which has perfectly solved the problems that it is hard to maintain and difficult to promotion, meanwhile the compatibility of the monitor and control system has been strengthened. The main works have been done as follows:
The multi-serial system has expanded several physics interfaces such as Ethernet, CAN and RS-485. After comparing DSP controller with ARM controller, the AT91M40800 microcontroller with ARM as the core has finally been selected as the host processor of multi-serial system. At the same time, the inside resources and usages have been introduced in detail. By comparing RTL8019AS, CS8900 with DM9000 controller, the RTL8019AS which is easy in operation and high in stability has been used as Ethernet controller, and the circuit of Ethernet interface has been designed. Because the AT91M40800 microcontroller is not integrated the serial interface at high speed such as SPI, I~2C, the SJA1000 with more mature applications as the CANBUS controller has been chosen, and the interface circuit for the CANBUS has been designed. The interface of RS-485 has been expanded and designed, and the infrared remote control has been added, which has strengthened the performances of the human-computer interaction in the pit at coal mine.
The software designs of the multi-serial system mainly include tasks such as the designs of each interface drivers and various application softwares. To strengthen dependability and anti-interference performance of the multi-serial system, theμC/OS-II operating system taking up less space and with higher execution efficiency and good real-time performance has been confirmed and transplanted by comparingμClinux withμC/OS-II OS. According to IEEE802.3 norm, on the basis of revising uIP protocol stack, TCP/IP agreement with simplified structure has been embedded. According to 103 norm, the protocol of 103 master station has been designed and realized, and the mutual conversion of 103 protocol and Modbus protocol has been completed. Ethernet driver, CAN network driver, RS-485 driver as well as display and remote control driver have been designed and compiled.
The system debugs of the multi-serial system is carried on. The contents include the hardware debugs of microcontroller's kernel and the peripheral interface and software tests toμC/OS-II OS and various protocols. It has been shown by the tests that the hardware performance of the multi-serial system is steady, the software is reliable, and the designing requirements have been satisfied.
引文
[1] 杨世兴．煤矿监测监控系统的发展与现状．安全技术．2004，5：39-41
[2] Jean Pierre Thomesse, The Fieldbus, Proceedings of the International Symposium on TheIntelligent Components and Instruments for Control Application. 1997, 13-23
[3] 朱洪．工业以太网在控制领域的研究与应用．[学位论文]．南京工业大学．2003．11
[4] 煤炭科学研究总院抚顺分院．我国煤矿监测监控系统现状与发展趋势．2004
[5] 煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院．KJ90煤矿监测监控系统
[6] 天地(常州)自动化股份有限公司．KJ95煤矿安全监测监控系统
[7] RockWell Automation．RockWell电力监测监控系统
[8] 刘延杰．煤矿监测监控系统网络结构的探讨．煤矿设计．1999(4)：22-24
[9] 秦微微．井下变电所监控系统及其接入方案．工矿自动化．2005(2)：40-43
[10] TEXAS INSTRUMENT. Hardware Designer's Source Guide. 2005
[11] ARM Corporation. ARM7 Family (Data sheet). 2005, 4
[12] Endlesszhang. ARM与DSP区别. 2006, 11
[13] Seal D.ARM Architecture Reference Manual(Second Edition). Addision Wesley. 2001
[14] Tony Kin sella, Richard. Ethernet in Industrial Automatiion-Today and Tomorrow. [J] Intech. 2001, 5
[15] DL／T667-1999．远动设备及系统第5部分传输规约．第103篇继电保护设备信息接口配套标准(S)．中国电力出版社．1999．IEC60870-5-103
[16] MODICON. Modbus ProtocoI Reference Guide. 1996, 6
[17] 珠海市水业科技有限公司．Modbus通讯协议．2003，5
[18] Atmel Corporation. AT91X40 datasheet. 2002, 5
[19] ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Addison Wesley. 2000
[20] Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. CY7C1041CV33 Data Sheet. 2006, 9
[21] Atmel Corporation. AT49LV1024AData Sheet. 2003, 12
[22] REALTEK Semiconductor Corp. RTL8019 SPECIFICATION. 2001, 5
[23] 尹良勇，施文康等．单片机以太网接口的实现．电子器件．2005．28(3)：584-588
[24] 袁学文．以太网控制器RTL8019AS的工作原理及应用．电子质量．2003(5)
[25] 何轩．基于ARM微处理器的嵌入式以太网接口．电子工程师．2005(1)：72-74
[26] 老古．单片机与ISA总线以太网解决方案．[网站资料]．2003，6
[27] G. Cena. A. Valenzano. An Improved CAN Fieldbus for Industrial Applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 1997, 8
[28] 广州周立功发展有限公司．CANBUS规范V2.0．2003，8
[29] BOSCH. CAN Specification (Version2.0). 1991, 9
[30] Philips Semiconductors. SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller Data Sheet. 2000. 1
[31] 广州周立功发展有限公司．SJA1000独立的CAN控制器应用指南．2003
[32] Philips Semiconductors. PCA82C250 CAN Controller Interface Data Sheet. 2000
[33] 广州周立功发展有限公司．CANBUS开发步骤．2003
[34] 廖传书，李崇．CAN总线控制器与DSP接口．电子技术应用．2002(11)：75-77
[35] 扈素红等．监控系统通讯接口的本安设计．焦作工学院学报．2003(6)：459-461
[36] MAXIM Corporation. MAX487E Data Sheet. 1996
[37] 张爱全．红外遥控的基本原理和应用范围．山西电子技术．2003(6)：40-41
[38] HOLTEK Corporation. HTI2A/HTI2E Data Sheet. 2000, 4
[39] HOLTEKCorporation. HT12D/HT12FDataSheet. 2002, 11
[40] Vishay Telefunken. TSOP17XX Data Sheet. 2002. 4
[41] Jean J．Labrosse．邵贝贝译．嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ(第二版)．北京航空航天大学出版社．2003，5
[42] 陆启帅等．μC／OS-II在S3C44BOX处理器上的移植．电脑知识与技术．2005．10
[43] 郭红波．基于嵌入式系统μC／OS-II的IP智能终端设计与实现．[学位论文]．太原理工大学．2003，5
[44] 黄青波．基于AT91M40800的嵌入式工业控制器的设计．[学位论文]．浙江大学．2003，2
[45] W Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解卷1．卷2
[46] Adam Dunkels. uIP0.9 Reference Manual. 2003
[47] Adam Dunkels. uIP-A Small Free TCP/IP Stack. 2002
[48] Adam Dunkels．张伟林译．uIP一个免费的TCP／IP栈．2003，5
[49] IEC60870-5-103 Master Source Code Library (Version 1.0). 2002, 11
[50] 周丽．基于IEC60870-5-103规约的变电站内部通讯系统的研究与实现．[学位论文]．山东科技大学．2005，1
[2] Jean Pierre Thomesse, The Fieldbus, Proceedings of the International Symposium on TheIntelligent Components and Instruments for Control Application. 1997, 13-23
[3] 朱洪．工业以太网在控制领域的研究与应用．[学位论文]．南京工业大学．2003．11
[4] 煤炭科学研究总院抚顺分院．我国煤矿监测监控系统现状与发展趋势．2004
[5] 煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院．KJ90煤矿监测监控系统
[6] 天地(常州)自动化股份有限公司．KJ95煤矿安全监测监控系统
[7] RockWell Automation．RockWell电力监测监控系统
[8] 刘延杰．煤矿监测监控系统网络结构的探讨．煤矿设计．1999(4)：22-24
[9] 秦微微．井下变电所监控系统及其接入方案．工矿自动化．2005(2)：40-43
[10] TEXAS INSTRUMENT. Hardware Designer's Source Guide. 2005
[11] ARM Corporation. ARM7 Family (Data sheet). 2005, 4
[12] Endlesszhang. ARM与DSP区别. 2006, 11
[13] Seal D.ARM Architecture Reference Manual(Second Edition). Addision Wesley. 2001
[14] Tony Kin sella, Richard. Ethernet in Industrial Automatiion-Today and Tomorrow. [J] Intech. 2001, 5
[15] DL／T667-1999．远动设备及系统第5部分传输规约．第103篇继电保护设备信息接口配套标准(S)．中国电力出版社．1999．IEC60870-5-103
[16] MODICON. Modbus ProtocoI Reference Guide. 1996, 6
[17] 珠海市水业科技有限公司．Modbus通讯协议．2003，5
[18] Atmel Corporation. AT91X40 datasheet. 2002, 5
[19] ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Addison Wesley. 2000
[20] Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. CY7C1041CV33 Data Sheet. 2006, 9
[21] Atmel Corporation. AT49LV1024AData Sheet. 2003, 12
[22] REALTEK Semiconductor Corp. RTL8019 SPECIFICATION. 2001, 5
[23] 尹良勇，施文康等．单片机以太网接口的实现．电子器件．2005．28(3)：584-588
[24] 袁学文．以太网控制器RTL8019AS的工作原理及应用．电子质量．2003(5)
[25] 何轩．基于ARM微处理器的嵌入式以太网接口．电子工程师．2005(1)：72-74
[26] 老古．单片机与ISA总线以太网解决方案．[网站资料]．2003，6
[27] G. Cena. A. Valenzano. An Improved CAN Fieldbus for Industrial Applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 1997, 8
[28] 广州周立功发展有限公司．CANBUS规范V2.0．2003，8
[29] BOSCH. CAN Specification (Version2.0). 1991, 9
[30] Philips Semiconductors. SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller Data Sheet. 2000. 1
[31] 广州周立功发展有限公司．SJA1000独立的CAN控制器应用指南．2003
[32] Philips Semiconductors. PCA82C250 CAN Controller Interface Data Sheet. 2000
[33] 广州周立功发展有限公司．CANBUS开发步骤．2003
[34] 廖传书，李崇．CAN总线控制器与DSP接口．电子技术应用．2002(11)：75-77
[35] 扈素红等．监控系统通讯接口的本安设计．焦作工学院学报．2003(6)：459-461
[36] MAXIM Corporation. MAX487E Data Sheet. 1996
[37] 张爱全．红外遥控的基本原理和应用范围．山西电子技术．2003(6)：40-41
[38] HOLTEK Corporation. HTI2A/HTI2E Data Sheet. 2000, 4
[39] HOLTEKCorporation. HT12D/HT12FDataSheet. 2002, 11
[40] Vishay Telefunken. TSOP17XX Data Sheet. 2002. 4
[41] Jean J．Labrosse．邵贝贝译．嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ(第二版)．北京航空航天大学出版社．2003，5
[42] 陆启帅等．μC／OS-II在S3C44BOX处理器上的移植．电脑知识与技术．2005．10
[43] 郭红波．基于嵌入式系统μC／OS-II的IP智能终端设计与实现．[学位论文]．太原理工大学．2003，5
[44] 黄青波．基于AT91M40800的嵌入式工业控制器的设计．[学位论文]．浙江大学．2003，2
[45] W Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解卷1．卷2
[46] Adam Dunkels. uIP0.9 Reference Manual. 2003
[47] Adam Dunkels. uIP-A Small Free TCP/IP Stack. 2002
[48] Adam Dunkels．张伟林译．uIP一个免费的TCP／IP栈．2003，5
[49] IEC60870-5-103 Master Source Code Library (Version 1.0). 2002, 11
[50] 周丽．基于IEC60870-5-103规约的变电站内部通讯系统的研究与实现．[学位论文]．山东科技大学．2005，1