贵州喀斯特山区村级尺度下农田土壤养分空间变异与采样设计研究
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摘要
土壤的形态和形成都相当复杂,土壤属性具有高度的空间异质性。人类活动进一步增强了土壤属性的变异性和不确定性。研究村级尺度下土壤养分空间变异特征及采样优化设计,对于了解大尺度下土壤空间变异特征,同时为研究如何在贵州省极度分散的农业经营体制下实施精准农业提供一定参考,进而为实现在恰当的时间和正确的地点投入正确数量的生产资料,达到提高产量、节省投入和改善环境的目标奠定基础,为精准农业管理小区的划分和决策小区的农作措施提供依据。
本论文以贵州省平坝县马场镇栗木村试验区内土壤养分测试数据为例,利用经典统计及地统计学的原理和方法,结合GIS技术对试验区旱地及水田土壤pH、OM、Ca、Mg、NH_4~+-N、速效P、速效K、S、B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn的空间变异性和最优空间插值方法分别进行了分析和比较,并对土壤合理取样间距进行了初步研究,结果如下:
从变异系数来看,整个研究区域内不同的土壤养分其含量的变异系数差别极大,试验区内旱地和水田中不同的土壤养分其含量的变异系数的变幅相对较小,说明不同耕作利用类型对土壤养分变异有着一定的影响,而且变异系数的变幅及大部分土壤养分的变异系数按照整个试验区、旱地、水田的顺序呈递减趋势。同一试区不同耕作利用类型区域内主要土壤养分的变异趋势基本相同,而不同土壤养分的变异情况差异较大。
从土壤养分的平均值来看,土壤pH值及OM、Zn无较大差异;Ca、Mg、Cu含量水田明显高于旱地;NH_4~+-N、速效K、S、B、Fe、Mn含量水田略高于旱地;速效P含量水田明显低于旱地。
通过研究表明本项目确定50m×50m取样间距是完全满足各土壤养分元素最小空间相关距离要求。
研究区域旱地土壤pH、Ca、Mg、S、B、Fe、Mn具有强烈的空间相关性;OM、速效K、Zn、速效P的空间自相关性较弱;NH_4~+-N、Cu则表现为中等空间相关性。研究区水田土壤Cu具有强烈的空间相关性;研究区水田土壤OM、S、B的空间自相关性较弱;土壤pH、NH_4~+-N、速效P、速效K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn则表现为中等空间相关性。
通过基础数据及土壤养分分布图分析明确了试验区内各土壤养分元素丰缺状况并提出了肥料补施建议。
根据试验区内早地和水田中各土壤养分元素的不同空间变异特性分别选取出了各自的最优插值方法和精度较高又经济的采样方案。
Summary
The configuration and forming process of soil is very complex and soil properties have high spatial variability.Human activities further strengthened the variability.It is significant to study the spatial variability of soil properties and reasonable distances of soil sampling design under the village level scale for carry out precision farming in dispersing agriculture management system of Karst Regions in Guizhou Province.According the above conclusion,we can put into exactitude amount production materials at the apt time and appropriate area.At the same time,we can establish the base for improving the yield,saving the investment and amending the environment. This study also can offer the reference for carving up the district of precision farming management and the arable farming measure of the decision-making district.
This paper was based on the data of soil fertility survey of of Pingba county's Limu villiage in Guizhou Province.The county can be divided into two regions according to the landform,dry land and paddy field.The classic statistic,geostatistical analyst and the technology of geography information system were used to analyze and compare the spatial variability of thirteen kinds of soil properties pH,organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium,calcium, magnesium,sulfur,boron,cuprum,iron,manganese and zinc.Advisable number of soil sampling in a given area had been suggested in this paper.Research results were as followed.
From the coefficient of variation,we can find that there is a big difference among the different Soil nutrients in the whole research area.There is a big difference among the different Soil nutrients between dry land and paddy field,which is smaller than the variation of the whole area.This statistic datas illuminate that the spatial variability of soil properties have some thing to do with different farming utilize types.The variation coefficient amplitude of the whole area is highest and the variation coefficient amplitude of paddy field is lowest,the dry land's variation coefficient amplitude is between them.The spatial variability of soil properties of the different farming utilize types are similar in the same research area.Different soil properties have a big spatial variability.
From the average data of the soil properties,we can find that there is only little difference in the soil pH,organic matter and zinc.The content of calcium,magnesium and cuprum in paddy field is much higher than which in dry land.The content of ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,sulfur,boron,cuprum,iron and manganese in paddy field is little higher than in dry land.However,The content of available phosphorus in paddy field is much lower than it in dry land.
This study result indicate that 50 meters multiply 50 meters' sampling distance which be used by this item is satisfied with the experiment require.
In the dry land of research area,soil properties pH,calcium,magnesium,sulfur,boron,iron and manganese have strong space correlation.Organic matter,available phosphorus,potassium and zinc only have a little space correlation.Ammonium nitrogen and cuprum's space correlation between the two formers.In the paddy field of research area,soil cuprum have strong space correlation.Organic matter,sulfur and boron only have a little space correlation.Soil properties pH, organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron, manganese,and zinc's space correlation between the two formers.
According to analyzing the database and the distributing map of soil properties,we point out which soil propertie is lack and which is enrich.At the same time,we give the good advice for how to increasing the fertilizer of the lack soil properties.
We find out the best interpolation method and the higher precision and more economic sampling distance of every soil propertie from the different spatial variability of soil properties.
本论文以贵州省平坝县马场镇栗木村试验区内土壤养分测试数据为例,利用经典统计及地统计学的原理和方法,结合GIS技术对试验区旱地及水田土壤pH、OM、Ca、Mg、NH_4~+-N、速效P、速效K、S、B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn的空间变异性和最优空间插值方法分别进行了分析和比较,并对土壤合理取样间距进行了初步研究,结果如下:
从变异系数来看,整个研究区域内不同的土壤养分其含量的变异系数差别极大,试验区内旱地和水田中不同的土壤养分其含量的变异系数的变幅相对较小,说明不同耕作利用类型对土壤养分变异有着一定的影响,而且变异系数的变幅及大部分土壤养分的变异系数按照整个试验区、旱地、水田的顺序呈递减趋势。同一试区不同耕作利用类型区域内主要土壤养分的变异趋势基本相同,而不同土壤养分的变异情况差异较大。
从土壤养分的平均值来看,土壤pH值及OM、Zn无较大差异;Ca、Mg、Cu含量水田明显高于旱地;NH_4~+-N、速效K、S、B、Fe、Mn含量水田略高于旱地;速效P含量水田明显低于旱地。
通过研究表明本项目确定50m×50m取样间距是完全满足各土壤养分元素最小空间相关距离要求。
研究区域旱地土壤pH、Ca、Mg、S、B、Fe、Mn具有强烈的空间相关性;OM、速效K、Zn、速效P的空间自相关性较弱;NH_4~+-N、Cu则表现为中等空间相关性。研究区水田土壤Cu具有强烈的空间相关性;研究区水田土壤OM、S、B的空间自相关性较弱;土壤pH、NH_4~+-N、速效P、速效K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn则表现为中等空间相关性。
通过基础数据及土壤养分分布图分析明确了试验区内各土壤养分元素丰缺状况并提出了肥料补施建议。
根据试验区内早地和水田中各土壤养分元素的不同空间变异特性分别选取出了各自的最优插值方法和精度较高又经济的采样方案。
Summary
The configuration and forming process of soil is very complex and soil properties have high spatial variability.Human activities further strengthened the variability.It is significant to study the spatial variability of soil properties and reasonable distances of soil sampling design under the village level scale for carry out precision farming in dispersing agriculture management system of Karst Regions in Guizhou Province.According the above conclusion,we can put into exactitude amount production materials at the apt time and appropriate area.At the same time,we can establish the base for improving the yield,saving the investment and amending the environment. This study also can offer the reference for carving up the district of precision farming management and the arable farming measure of the decision-making district.
This paper was based on the data of soil fertility survey of of Pingba county's Limu villiage in Guizhou Province.The county can be divided into two regions according to the landform,dry land and paddy field.The classic statistic,geostatistical analyst and the technology of geography information system were used to analyze and compare the spatial variability of thirteen kinds of soil properties pH,organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium,calcium, magnesium,sulfur,boron,cuprum,iron,manganese and zinc.Advisable number of soil sampling in a given area had been suggested in this paper.Research results were as followed.
From the coefficient of variation,we can find that there is a big difference among the different Soil nutrients in the whole research area.There is a big difference among the different Soil nutrients between dry land and paddy field,which is smaller than the variation of the whole area.This statistic datas illuminate that the spatial variability of soil properties have some thing to do with different farming utilize types.The variation coefficient amplitude of the whole area is highest and the variation coefficient amplitude of paddy field is lowest,the dry land's variation coefficient amplitude is between them.The spatial variability of soil properties of the different farming utilize types are similar in the same research area.Different soil properties have a big spatial variability.
From the average data of the soil properties,we can find that there is only little difference in the soil pH,organic matter and zinc.The content of calcium,magnesium and cuprum in paddy field is much higher than which in dry land.The content of ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,sulfur,boron,cuprum,iron and manganese in paddy field is little higher than in dry land.However,The content of available phosphorus in paddy field is much lower than it in dry land.
This study result indicate that 50 meters multiply 50 meters' sampling distance which be used by this item is satisfied with the experiment require.
In the dry land of research area,soil properties pH,calcium,magnesium,sulfur,boron,iron and manganese have strong space correlation.Organic matter,available phosphorus,potassium and zinc only have a little space correlation.Ammonium nitrogen and cuprum's space correlation between the two formers.In the paddy field of research area,soil cuprum have strong space correlation.Organic matter,sulfur and boron only have a little space correlation.Soil properties pH, organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron, manganese,and zinc's space correlation between the two formers.
According to analyzing the database and the distributing map of soil properties,we point out which soil propertie is lack and which is enrich.At the same time,we give the good advice for how to increasing the fertilizer of the lack soil properties.
We find out the best interpolation method and the higher precision and more economic sampling distance of every soil propertie from the different spatial variability of soil properties.
引文
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