基于嵌入式技术的柴油机故障诊断系统的设计
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摘要
为确保以柴油机为动力的机械设备安全可靠地运行,本文设计了基于嵌入式技术的柴油机故障诊断系统,该系统具有柴油机状态数据采集、在线故障诊断与报警、状态数据分析和备份的功能。本文完成的工作如下：
(1)在分析机车柴油机故障诊断系统需求的基础上,结合GPRS无线通信技术和Internet网络技术完成系统的总体设计,搭建诊断中心服务器,设计基于SQL2000的后台数据库,在VC环境下开发远程数据接收和分析应用程序,并利用ASP技术实现动态网页发布。
(2)在完成系统设计的基础上,从低成本、精简功能的角度出发,利用瞬时转速诊断技术,设计基于XC164单片机的随车诊断装置,并完成软硬件的调试,实现机车状态数据采集、传输和柴油机气缸工作状态监测的功能。
(3)结合柴油机故障诊断系统的需求,完成基于PC104模块的诊断装置的嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植,并在QT/E平台下开发相应的应用程序。
(4)基于瞬时转速的船舶主机诊断探索,根据某型船用柴油机实体,建立柴油机轴系的当量模型,结合模型并通过台架试验得知,瞬时转速的低频带可用于柴油机的气缸工作状态诊断。
本文完成系统的设计和各模块功能调试,并在柴油机厂进行相关试验,试验结果表明该系统可用柴油机运行状态的监测和分析管理。
To ensure safe and reliable running of the diesel engine powered mechanical equipment, fault diagnosis system for diesel engine based on embedded technology was design in the thesis. The function of the system is engine status data collection, online fault diagnosis and alarm, status data analysis and back up. The work completed in this thesis is as follows:
(1)Based on the requirement of the system, combined with GPRS wireless communication technology and the Internet, the overall design of the system was completed. The diagnostic center server, SQL2000database and application software was finished.
(2)From the aspect of low cost and simple function, XC164microcontroller based vehicle diagnostic device using instantaneous speed diagnostic techniques was designed. Functions of engine status data acquisition transmission and diesel engine cylinder condition monitoring were completed.
(3) Based on the system requirements, embedded Linux operating system migration was realized on the PC104module of vehicle diagnostic device. Corresponding application program was designed in the QT/E platform.
(4) Diagnosis of marine diesel engine using instantaneous speed was researched. Equivalent model based on a certain type of marine diesel engine was established. At last, the thesis came to the conclusion that the low band of the instantaneous speed can be well used for diesel engine cylinder state diagnosis.
System design and functions of each module were finished, system test was carried out in diesel engine factory, the results show that the system was available for diesel engine running state monitoring and analysis.
(1)在分析机车柴油机故障诊断系统需求的基础上,结合GPRS无线通信技术和Internet网络技术完成系统的总体设计,搭建诊断中心服务器,设计基于SQL2000的后台数据库,在VC环境下开发远程数据接收和分析应用程序,并利用ASP技术实现动态网页发布。
(2)在完成系统设计的基础上,从低成本、精简功能的角度出发,利用瞬时转速诊断技术,设计基于XC164单片机的随车诊断装置,并完成软硬件的调试,实现机车状态数据采集、传输和柴油机气缸工作状态监测的功能。
(3)结合柴油机故障诊断系统的需求,完成基于PC104模块的诊断装置的嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植,并在QT/E平台下开发相应的应用程序。
(4)基于瞬时转速的船舶主机诊断探索,根据某型船用柴油机实体,建立柴油机轴系的当量模型,结合模型并通过台架试验得知,瞬时转速的低频带可用于柴油机的气缸工作状态诊断。
本文完成系统的设计和各模块功能调试,并在柴油机厂进行相关试验,试验结果表明该系统可用柴油机运行状态的监测和分析管理。
To ensure safe and reliable running of the diesel engine powered mechanical equipment, fault diagnosis system for diesel engine based on embedded technology was design in the thesis. The function of the system is engine status data collection, online fault diagnosis and alarm, status data analysis and back up. The work completed in this thesis is as follows:
(1)Based on the requirement of the system, combined with GPRS wireless communication technology and the Internet, the overall design of the system was completed. The diagnostic center server, SQL2000database and application software was finished.
(2)From the aspect of low cost and simple function, XC164microcontroller based vehicle diagnostic device using instantaneous speed diagnostic techniques was designed. Functions of engine status data acquisition transmission and diesel engine cylinder condition monitoring were completed.
(3) Based on the system requirements, embedded Linux operating system migration was realized on the PC104module of vehicle diagnostic device. Corresponding application program was designed in the QT/E platform.
(4) Diagnosis of marine diesel engine using instantaneous speed was researched. Equivalent model based on a certain type of marine diesel engine was established. At last, the thesis came to the conclusion that the low band of the instantaneous speed can be well used for diesel engine cylinder state diagnosis.
System design and functions of each module were finished, system test was carried out in diesel engine factory, the results show that the system was available for diesel engine running state monitoring and analysis.
引文
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[37]李建华,王占全Visual C++编程从基础到实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.4
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[39]孙云玲,朴甲哲,张永祥.插值算法在内燃机瞬时转速测量中的应用研究.内燃机学报[J],2002年20(4)：335-338.
[40]吴志红,朱元,王光宇.英飞凌16位单片机XC164CS的原理与基础应用[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2006.12：253-268.
[41]The Insider Guide To Planning Xc166 Family Designs[M].Infineon Technologies AG. February,2006:51-62.
[42]XC164 Peripheral Units 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcontroller with 166SV2 Core[M].Infineon Technologies AG,2002.12.
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[2]徐爱钧.智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004：250-272.
[3]王德山.船用柴油机最新监测技术PCOT监测系统的应用[J].内燃机,2011,33(2)：30-31.
[4]董大伟.基于曲轴角振动诊断内燃机各缸作功状况的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2002.
[5]刘世元,杜润生,杨叔子.小波包改进算法及其在柴油机振动诊断中的应用[J].内燃机学报,2000,18(1)：11-16.
[6]胡以怀,周轶尘.柴油机滑动主轴承故障振动诊断的研究[J].柴油机,1997(4)：30-35.
[7]张永祥,孙云岭,李军,等.柴油机瞬时转速测量中误差处理技术研究[J].内燃机工程,2005,26(6)：61-63.
[8]闫兵,董大伟,华春蓉,等.一种滤除衰减简谐振动信号中奇异点的新方法[J].振动工程学报,2005,18(1)：95-98.
[9]李玉梅,华春蓉,闫兵.内燃机轴系扭振测试方法研究[J].车用发动机,2010,186,(1)：77-80.
[10]Fabrizio Ponti. Instantaneous Engine Speed Time-Frequency Analysis for Onboard Misfire Detection and Cylinder Isolation in a V12 High-Performance Engine[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2008 (130).
[11]Matteo Montani, Nicolo Speciale. Multiple Misfire Identification by a Wavelet- Based Analysis of Crankshaft Speed Fluctuation[M].2006 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology.
[12]Mert Gevecia, Andrew W. Osburna, et al. An investigation of crankshaft oscillations for cylinder health diagnostics[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2005 (19):1107-1134.
[13]Jose M. Lujan, Vicente Bermudez, CarlosGuardiola, et al. A methodology for combustion detection in diesel engines through in-cylinder pressure derivative signal[J]. MechanicalSystemsandSignalProcessing,2010 (24):2261-2275.
[14]P. Charles, Jyoti K. Sinha, F.Gub, et al. Detecting the crankshaft torsional vibration of diesel engines for combustion related diagnosis[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,321(3): 1171-1185.
[15]刘世元,杜润生,杨叔子.利用转速波动信号诊断内燃机失火故障的研究-2-波形分析方法[J].内燃机学报,2000(3)：320-323.
[16]邱群虎.内燃机角振动测量技术与停缸诊断方法研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008.
[17]华春蓉,闫兵,董大伟.基于0.5谐次扭振的内燃机故障诊断研究[J].机械强度,2006,28(4)：480-484.
[18]闫兵.基于曲轴角振动信号的内燃机故障诊断系统关键技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[19]Yang Jianguo, Pu Lijun, Wang Zhihua, et al. Fault detection in a diesel engine by analysing the instantaneous angunal speed[J]. Echanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2001(15):549-564.
[20]林瑞霖,孙云岭.基于瞬时转速相关分析的柴油机工作均匀性检测[J].内燃机,2006,4：18-20.
[21]余永华.船舶柴油机瞬时转速和热力参数监测诊断技术研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[22]李玩幽,张文平,华宏星,等.利用扭振波形参数诊断柴油机单缸熄火故障试验研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2004,4：8-11.
[23]刘鑫.柴油发动机运行状态监测和故障诊断系统的设计与实现[D].成都电子科技大学,2006.
[24]姚良,成曙.数据采集卡在内燃机性能监测与故障诊断中的应用[J].计算机工程,2007,33(21)：243-248.
[25]蔡艳平,成曙.基于Lab View的柴油机状态监测与故障诊断系统的开发[C].第十二届全国设备监测与诊断学术会议.
[26]李瑞霞.基于便携式计算机的柴油机测试系统的研制[D].山东大学,2004.
[27]杨海,冯静,周兴利,等.电控柴油机多功能故障诊断仪的研发[J].车用发动机,2006,161(1)：49-52.
[28]喻方平,缪敏,黄海亮.船舶发电柴油机在线监测与故障诊断系统[J]中国航海,2003,2(55)：76-78.
[29]余永华,杨建国.基于虚拟技术的柴油机状态监测与故障诊断系统的开发[J]. NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS CUSTOMER SOLUTIONS.
[30]陈智君,常勇.嵌入式柴油机工作状态监测装置设计[J].武汉工大学学报,2004,26(11)：85-87.
[31]王志华,吕传音.内燃机故障诊断技术及发展趋势[J].中国水运,2006(7)：184-185.
[32]蒋磊,杨朔.船用柴油机故障诊断技术现状及发展趋势[J].船舶,2007(4)：36-40.
[33]Frank Kimmich, Anselm Schwarte, Rolf Isermann. Fault detection for modern Diesel engines using signal-and process model-based methods[J].Control Engineering Practice,2005,13 (2):189-203.
[34]E. WeiBenborn, T.Bossmeyer, T.Bertram. Adaptation of a zero-dimensional cylinder pressure model for diesel engines using the crankshaft trotational speed[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2011 (25):1887-1910.
[35]卢志美,曹熙武,等.柴油机智能故障诊断技术及其发展趋势[J].装备制造技术,2010(1)：107-109.
[36]赵致格.数据库系统与应用(SQL Server)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.9.
[37]李建华,王占全Visual C++编程从基础到实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.4
[38]邓文渊,陈惠贞,等.ASP与网页数据库设计[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.4.
[39]孙云玲,朴甲哲,张永祥.插值算法在内燃机瞬时转速测量中的应用研究.内燃机学报[J],2002年20(4)：335-338.
[40]吴志红,朱元,王光宇.英飞凌16位单片机XC164CS的原理与基础应用[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2006.12：253-268.
[41]The Insider Guide To Planning Xc166 Family Designs[M].Infineon Technologies AG. February,2006:51-62.
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