高中生性别角色的人格特征及其相关研究
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摘要
性别角色特征是指那些能够真正区分开男女的人格特征。它是在个体社会化
    进程中形成的。高中阶段是个体社会化进程中不可忽视的一个时期。开展高中生
    性别角色特征的研究不仅可以丰富性别差异心理学、发展心理学等学科的研究成
    果,而且为高中生的健康发展提供了更为合适的性别角色模式。因此,该研究具
    有重要的理论与实践意义。
     本文在对性别角色的国外研究历程、相关量表、理论构建及国内研究现状进
    行详细述评的基础上,提出了本文研究的三个问题,即:1、结合Bem与Spence
    的方法,并参考钱铭怡的大学生性别量表的编制,以高中生作为研究对象,以社
    会赞许性为基础,编制含有正、负项目的高中生性别量表(HSRI);2、使用包含
    十个因子的SCL-90与自编的HSRI负性量表,来考察我国高中生负性性别角色特
    征与多种负性心理健康指标的关系;3、用自编的HSRI正性量表与16PF两量表,
    从人格层面考察不同性别角色高中生的创造力水平。研究结果表明:1、编制的高
    中生性别角色量表具有较好的分半信度与同质性信度和较好的建构效度。根据量
    表正式施测的结果,采用Spence的中位数分类法,将被试分为双性化、男性化、
    女性化、未分化四种类型。在本研究条件下中国高中生在四种类型上的人数分布
    比例分另为25.4%、24%、24.6%、25.9%。2、负性性别角色特征与负性心理健康
    问题的相关研究得出以下结论:(1)男性化与女性化都能预测心理健康问题,但
    在心理问题的不同维度上的贡献率不同;(2)男性化在对性别差异上偏向男性的
    心理问题上(如强迫、敌对)贡献率更大一些;(3)女性化在对性别差异上偏向
    女性的心理问题上(如抑郁、恐怖)贡献率更大一些。3高中生群体中双性化者
    拥有最高的创造性,未分化者拥有最低的创造性。另外,在女性被试中,男性化
    者拥有最高的创造力水平。最后,依据本研究结果,对高中生的健康发展提出了
    以下几点建议:1、培养双性化的人格特征,促进创造性潜能的发挥:2、消除不
    良人格特征,减少与预防心理问题的发生。
Sex-role traits refer to those personal attributes that can really distinguish between man and woman, which is formed in the course of individual socialization The senior middle school phase is an unneghable period of the course of individual socialization The study of the sex-role trait of the high school students not only can enrich the achievements in the study of sex-difference psychology and developmental psychology, but also offers a more suitable sex-role model for the high school students to grow healthily Therefore, this study is significant both in theory and in reality
    
     This paper puts forward three questions on the basis of detailed commentary on the course of study the relative scales, the theoretical structure of foreign countries as well as on the present study of our country, that is 1. On the basis of social desirability to draw up the HSRI containing the positive and negative item with the combination of Bern抯 and Spence抯 method and of study, 2. To investigate the relationship between the negative sex-role traits of high school students and the health index of various negative psychologies with the use of the SCL-90 that contains 10 factors and the self-made HSRI negative scale. 3 Using the self-made HSRI and 16PF scales to investigate the high school students?creative levels with different sex roles from the aspect of personality
    
     The results of those study manifest 1 The sex-role scale of the high school student possesses better split-half and homogeneity reliability as well as construct validity According to the formal results of this investigation and using the figure classification of Spence, the scale is intended to be divided into the following four types androgynous, masculine, Feminine and undifferentiated The distributing proportion of the number being investigated is 25 4%, 24%, 24 6%, and 25 9% respectively 2 The conclusion on the study of negative sex-role traits and problems of psychological health can be drawn (1) the relative contribution of M and F varied substantially according to the specific area of psychological problems, (2) the
    
    
    
    contribution of M was relatively larger for those facets for which men had higher psychological problems, such as obsessive-compulsive and hostility, (3) the contribution of F was relatively larger for those facets for which woman had higher psychological problems, such as depression and phonic anxiety 3 The androgynous possesses the highest creativity and the undifferentiated possesses the lowest creativity among the whole high school students In addition, among the female students being investigated, the Masculine possesses the highest creativity.
    
     At last, according to the results of this study, this paper gives the following suggestions to the healthy development of the high school student I To cultivate the personality attributes with androgyny so as to promote the development of the creative potentialities. 2. To diminish the unhealthy personality trait and to reduce and prevent the appearance of psychological problems.
引文
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