双层无线传感器网络生命周期的研究
|
摘要
无线传感器网络中节点的能量是有限的,任何路由协议,都必须要考虑到节点的能量消耗情况。一旦节点能量消耗完,那么节点就不能再继续收集和发送数据,从而影响整个网络的工作情况。如何节约能量,是提高无线传感器网络生命周期的关键。
在最近几年,有很多学者提出了用中继节点来最大化网络的生命周期。他们将无线传感器网络划分为两层,称为双层无线传感器网络(TTSN)。在TTSN中,中继节点拥有很高的能量,它们负责接收和传递数据,相当于簇节点。虽然中继节点拥有很高的能量,但是节点的能量终究是有限的,如何提高整个网络的生命周期,仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。
本文提出了动态选择算法(DSA)来解决双层无线传感器网络的生命周期问题。该算法通过最小化AFN节点的能量消耗值,达到提高TTSN生命周期的目的。算法的具体思想是首先对AFN节点进行分层,然后由里向外,为节点选择最优路径。本文给出了DSA算法的实现过程,同时也分析了算法的复杂度以及其延长TTSN生命周期的能力。仿真结果表明DSA算法能够极大提高TTSN的生命周期。
为了均衡节点的能量消耗,本文将移动智能Agent引入到DSA算法中。移动智能Agent,能够在节点之间进行移动,动态的监听节点能量消耗情况。根据节点的能量消耗和剩余能量情况,调整节点的路由选择,以达到均衡节点能量消耗的目的,从而实现网络生命周期的最大化。最后,本文给出了如何搭建移动智能Agent平台,给出了仿真实现的流程。仿真实验表明,基于移动Agent的DSA算法,相较于单纯的DSA算法能够更好的延长网络生命周期。
Wireless sensor network technology is a very popular research in nowadays. Due to the energy of sensor is limited, so the entire network lifetime is limited to the energy. How to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor network is one of the most important issues to consider.
In recent years, a lot of literature presents that using relay node to maximise the lifetime of network. In these literatures, wireless sensor network is divided into two layers, and is called two-tiered sensor network (TTSN).In TTSN, Relay node has high energy, they are responsible for receiving and transmiting data, and are equivalent to cluster nodes. Although relay node has high energy, node energy eventually is limited, and how to improve the lifetime of the whole network is still a challenging problem.
In this paper, we propose a new approach termed as DSA, it minimize the energy consumption of maximum energy dissipation relay node, which can greatly extend the lifetime of the Two-Tiered Sensor Network. The Main idea is that dividing the relay nodes into several layers at first and then choosing a best transfer path for every relay node at each layer to extend the lifetime of TTSN. We design an algorithm to implement the idea. The advantage of this novel algorithm in terms of complexity and its capability in extending the lifetime of TTSN has been analyzed in detail.Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements have been achieved in our method in terms of lifetime of TTSN.
In order to balance the energy consumption of relay nodes, we combined intelligence Agent with DSA algorithm in this paper. Mobile intelligent Agent can move among the nodes and dynamicly monitor the energy consumption of current nodes. According to the energy consumption and the surplus energy situation of relay nodes, it can adjust the node routing in order to achieve the purpose of balancing node energy consumption, so as to maximize the lifetime of the network.
Finally, the paper presents how to set up mobile intelligent Agent platform, and also presents the process of simulation. Simulation experiments show that compared with simple DSA algorithm, the DSA algorithm based on mobile Agent, has largly improves the network lifetime.
在最近几年,有很多学者提出了用中继节点来最大化网络的生命周期。他们将无线传感器网络划分为两层,称为双层无线传感器网络(TTSN)。在TTSN中,中继节点拥有很高的能量,它们负责接收和传递数据,相当于簇节点。虽然中继节点拥有很高的能量,但是节点的能量终究是有限的,如何提高整个网络的生命周期,仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。
本文提出了动态选择算法(DSA)来解决双层无线传感器网络的生命周期问题。该算法通过最小化AFN节点的能量消耗值,达到提高TTSN生命周期的目的。算法的具体思想是首先对AFN节点进行分层,然后由里向外,为节点选择最优路径。本文给出了DSA算法的实现过程,同时也分析了算法的复杂度以及其延长TTSN生命周期的能力。仿真结果表明DSA算法能够极大提高TTSN的生命周期。
为了均衡节点的能量消耗,本文将移动智能Agent引入到DSA算法中。移动智能Agent,能够在节点之间进行移动,动态的监听节点能量消耗情况。根据节点的能量消耗和剩余能量情况,调整节点的路由选择,以达到均衡节点能量消耗的目的,从而实现网络生命周期的最大化。最后,本文给出了如何搭建移动智能Agent平台,给出了仿真实现的流程。仿真实验表明,基于移动Agent的DSA算法,相较于单纯的DSA算法能够更好的延长网络生命周期。
Wireless sensor network technology is a very popular research in nowadays. Due to the energy of sensor is limited, so the entire network lifetime is limited to the energy. How to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor network is one of the most important issues to consider.
In recent years, a lot of literature presents that using relay node to maximise the lifetime of network. In these literatures, wireless sensor network is divided into two layers, and is called two-tiered sensor network (TTSN).In TTSN, Relay node has high energy, they are responsible for receiving and transmiting data, and are equivalent to cluster nodes. Although relay node has high energy, node energy eventually is limited, and how to improve the lifetime of the whole network is still a challenging problem.
In this paper, we propose a new approach termed as DSA, it minimize the energy consumption of maximum energy dissipation relay node, which can greatly extend the lifetime of the Two-Tiered Sensor Network. The Main idea is that dividing the relay nodes into several layers at first and then choosing a best transfer path for every relay node at each layer to extend the lifetime of TTSN. We design an algorithm to implement the idea. The advantage of this novel algorithm in terms of complexity and its capability in extending the lifetime of TTSN has been analyzed in detail.Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements have been achieved in our method in terms of lifetime of TTSN.
In order to balance the energy consumption of relay nodes, we combined intelligence Agent with DSA algorithm in this paper. Mobile intelligent Agent can move among the nodes and dynamicly monitor the energy consumption of current nodes. According to the energy consumption and the surplus energy situation of relay nodes, it can adjust the node routing in order to achieve the purpose of balancing node energy consumption, so as to maximize the lifetime of the network.
Finally, the paper presents how to set up mobile intelligent Agent platform, and also presents the process of simulation. Simulation experiments show that compared with simple DSA algorithm, the DSA algorithm based on mobile Agent, has largly improves the network lifetime.
引文
[1]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,2004.
[2]孙殿东,朱悦.无线传感器网络及应用研究[J].电子设计工程,2004.5.
[3]李钊,韦玮.无线传感器网络及关键技术综述[J].空间电子技术,2006.
[4]I.F. Akyildiz W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci. Wireless sensor networks: a survey[J]. Computer Networks 38 (2002) 393-422.
[5]J.-H. Chang, L. Tassiulas. Routing for maximum system lifetime in wireless ad hoc networks[J]. in Proc.37th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communications, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, Sep.1999, vol.1, pp.22-31.
[6]J. Suomela. Relay placement in sensor networks[J]. Masters thesis, University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science,2005.
[7]C. Gazen, C. Ersoy. Genetic algorithms for designing multihop lightwave network topologies[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering 13 (1999) 211-221.
[8]G. Gupta, M. Younis. Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol.3,2003, pp.1848-1852.
[9]K. Kalpakis, K. Dasgupta, P. Namjoshi. Maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Networking,2002.
[10]丁永生.计算机智能一理论、技术与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.8：325-351.
[11]Wooldridge M, Jennings N R. Intelligent agents:Theory and practice[M]. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1995,10(2):115-152.
[12]S.Kim, M. Effros, T. Ho. On low-power multiple unicast network coding over a wireless triangular grid[M]. in Proceedings of the 45th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication,Control and Computing,2007.
[13]C. E. Jones, K. M. Sivalingam, P. Agrawal. A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks[J]. Wireless Networks, vol.7, no.4, pp.343-358, 2001.
[14]V. Srinivasan, P. Nuggehalli, C. F. Chiasserini. Cooperation in wireless ad hoc networks[J]. in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.808-817.
[15]S. Zhang, A. Datta. A directional-antenna based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. ICCSA, LNCS, vol.3481,2005, pp.686-695.
[16]M. Zorzi, R.R. Rao. Geographic random forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor networks:energy and latency performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2 (4) (2003)
[17]J. Tang, B. Hao, A. Sen. Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications 29 (4) (2006) 490-501.
[18]陈志,王汝传,孙力娟.一种无线传感器网络的多Agent系统模型[J].电子学报,2007/02.
[19]WOOLDRIDGE M. Reasoning about Rational Agents [M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press,2000.
[20]HILL J. A software architecture supporting networked sensors [D]. Berkeley:University of California Berkeley,2000.
[21]王君,樊治平.一种基于Multi-Agent的组织知识获取模型框架[j].中国管理科学.2004.
[22]Ahmad Hosseingholizadeh, Abdolreza Abhari. A new agent-based solution for wireless sensor networks management[J]. SpringSim'09 Proceedings of the 2009 Spring Simulation Multiconferene.
[23]Bo Chen, Wenjia Liu. Mobile Agent Computing Paradigm for Building a Flexible Structural Health Monitoring Sensor Network[J]. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Volume 25, Issue 7, pages 504-516, October 2010.
[24]Jian Wu, Shenfang Yuan, Sai Ji. Multi-agent system design and evaluation for collaborative wireless sensor network in large structure health monitoring[J]. Expert Systems with Applications Volume 37, Issue 3,15 March 2010, Pages 2028-2036.
[25]Wu, J., Yuan, S. F., Zhao. A wireless sensor network node designed for exploring a structural health monitoring application[J]. Smart Materials and structures,16(5), 1898-1906.
[26]Hairong Qi, Iyengar, S, Chakrabarty, K. Multi-resolution data integration using mobile agents in distributed sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transaction Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part C:Applications and Review,31(3),383-391.
[27]Richard Tynan, Antonio G. Ruzzelli. A Methodology for the Development of Multi-Agent Systems on Wireless Sensor Networks.SEKE'05[C]. the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Taiwan,China, IJSEKE press,2005.
[28]Ronan MacRuairi, Mark T. Keane. An Energy-Efficient, Multi-Agent Sensor Network for Detecting Diffuse Events[J]. In IJCAI, pp 1390-1395,2007.
[29]P. C. Baker, B. Stephen, M. D. Judd. Development of an integrated low-power RF partial discharge detector[C]. in Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), Montreal Canada, Jun.2009.
[30]Y. Thomas Hou, Yi Shi, Hanif D. Sherali. Rate Allocation and Network Lifetime Problems Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL.16, NO.2, APRIL 2008.
[31]Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, Hari Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J]. System Sciences,2000.
[32]W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless micro-sensor networks [J]. in:Proceedings of the 33rd HICSS, Maui, Hawaii,2000, pp.3005-3014.
[33]Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, J. Pan. Lifetime-optimal data routing inwireless sensor networks without flow splitting[J]. in:Workshop onBroadband Advanced Sensor Networks, San Jose, CA,2004.
[34]Ataul Bari, Shamsul Wazed, Arunita Jaekel. A genetic algorithm based approach for energy efficient routing in two-tiered sensor networks[J]. Ad Hoc Networks archive Volume 7, Issue 4 (June 2009) Pages 665-676.
[35]J. Pan, Y.T. Hou, L. Cai, Y. Shi. Topology control for wireless sensor networks[J]. in:Proceedings of the Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2003, pp.286-299.
[36]W. Heinzelman. Application-specific protocol architectures forwireless networks[D]. Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,2000.
[37]W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless micro-sensor networks[C]. in:Proceedings of the 33rd HICSS, Maui, Hawaii,2000, pp.3005-3014.
[38]Yanlin Gong, Gong Chen, Liansheng Tan. A balanced serial Kmeans based clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]. in Proceedings of The 4th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2008), Dalian, China, Oct.12-14,2008.
[39]Ataul Bar, Arunita Jaekel, Subir Bandyopadhyay. Maximizing the Lifetime of Two-Tiered Sensor Networks[C]. Electro/information Technology,2006 IEEE International Conference.
[40]J. Tang, B. Hao, A. Sen. Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications 29 (4) (2006) 490-501.
[41]M. Ettus. System Capacity, Latency and Power Consumption in Multihop-routed SS-CDMA Wireless Networks[C]. In Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON'98), pages 55-58, Aug.1998.
[42]T. Shepard. A Channel Access Scheme for Large Dense Packet Radio Networks[J]. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 219-230, Aug.1996.
[43]JEFFREY E. WIESELTHIER, GAM D. NGUYEN. Energy-Efficient Broadcast and Multicast Trees in Wireless Networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications 7,481-492,2002.
[44]K. Kalpakis, K. Dasgupta, P. Namjoshi. Maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Networking (ICN'02), Atlanta, GA, Aug.26-29,2002, pp.685-696.
[45]G. Zussman, A. Segall. Energy efficient routing in ad hoc disaster recovery networks[J]. in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.405-421.CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.405-421.
[46]G. Lee, M. Lee, W. Seok. A base station centralized simple clustering protocol for sensor networks[J]. in:IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, LNCS, vol.4096,2006, pp.682-691.
[47]Y. Pan, X. Liu. Energy-efficient lifetime maximization and sleeping scheduling supporting data fusion and QoS in Multi-Sensor Net[J]. Signal Processing 87 (12) (2007)2949-2964.
[48]S.J. Lee, William Su and M. Gerla. On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol in Multihop Wireless Mobile Networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications, Vol.7, No.6,2002, pp 441-453.
[49]Y T. Hou, Y Shi, S.F.Midkiff. On Energy Provisioning and Relay Node Placement for Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. In IEEE International Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), volume 32,2005.
[50]Jasper Goseling, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Tomohiko Uyematsu. Lower Bounds on the MaximumEnergy Benefit of Network Coding forWirelessMultiple Unicast[J]. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2010 (2010), Article ID 605421,13 pages.
[2]孙殿东,朱悦.无线传感器网络及应用研究[J].电子设计工程,2004.5.
[3]李钊,韦玮.无线传感器网络及关键技术综述[J].空间电子技术,2006.
[4]I.F. Akyildiz W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci. Wireless sensor networks: a survey[J]. Computer Networks 38 (2002) 393-422.
[5]J.-H. Chang, L. Tassiulas. Routing for maximum system lifetime in wireless ad hoc networks[J]. in Proc.37th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communications, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, Sep.1999, vol.1, pp.22-31.
[6]J. Suomela. Relay placement in sensor networks[J]. Masters thesis, University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science,2005.
[7]C. Gazen, C. Ersoy. Genetic algorithms for designing multihop lightwave network topologies[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering 13 (1999) 211-221.
[8]G. Gupta, M. Younis. Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol.3,2003, pp.1848-1852.
[9]K. Kalpakis, K. Dasgupta, P. Namjoshi. Maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Networking,2002.
[10]丁永生.计算机智能一理论、技术与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.8：325-351.
[11]Wooldridge M, Jennings N R. Intelligent agents:Theory and practice[M]. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1995,10(2):115-152.
[12]S.Kim, M. Effros, T. Ho. On low-power multiple unicast network coding over a wireless triangular grid[M]. in Proceedings of the 45th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication,Control and Computing,2007.
[13]C. E. Jones, K. M. Sivalingam, P. Agrawal. A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks[J]. Wireless Networks, vol.7, no.4, pp.343-358, 2001.
[14]V. Srinivasan, P. Nuggehalli, C. F. Chiasserini. Cooperation in wireless ad hoc networks[J]. in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.808-817.
[15]S. Zhang, A. Datta. A directional-antenna based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. ICCSA, LNCS, vol.3481,2005, pp.686-695.
[16]M. Zorzi, R.R. Rao. Geographic random forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor networks:energy and latency performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2 (4) (2003)
[17]J. Tang, B. Hao, A. Sen. Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications 29 (4) (2006) 490-501.
[18]陈志,王汝传,孙力娟.一种无线传感器网络的多Agent系统模型[J].电子学报,2007/02.
[19]WOOLDRIDGE M. Reasoning about Rational Agents [M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press,2000.
[20]HILL J. A software architecture supporting networked sensors [D]. Berkeley:University of California Berkeley,2000.
[21]王君,樊治平.一种基于Multi-Agent的组织知识获取模型框架[j].中国管理科学.2004.
[22]Ahmad Hosseingholizadeh, Abdolreza Abhari. A new agent-based solution for wireless sensor networks management[J]. SpringSim'09 Proceedings of the 2009 Spring Simulation Multiconferene.
[23]Bo Chen, Wenjia Liu. Mobile Agent Computing Paradigm for Building a Flexible Structural Health Monitoring Sensor Network[J]. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Volume 25, Issue 7, pages 504-516, October 2010.
[24]Jian Wu, Shenfang Yuan, Sai Ji. Multi-agent system design and evaluation for collaborative wireless sensor network in large structure health monitoring[J]. Expert Systems with Applications Volume 37, Issue 3,15 March 2010, Pages 2028-2036.
[25]Wu, J., Yuan, S. F., Zhao. A wireless sensor network node designed for exploring a structural health monitoring application[J]. Smart Materials and structures,16(5), 1898-1906.
[26]Hairong Qi, Iyengar, S, Chakrabarty, K. Multi-resolution data integration using mobile agents in distributed sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transaction Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part C:Applications and Review,31(3),383-391.
[27]Richard Tynan, Antonio G. Ruzzelli. A Methodology for the Development of Multi-Agent Systems on Wireless Sensor Networks.SEKE'05[C]. the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Taiwan,China, IJSEKE press,2005.
[28]Ronan MacRuairi, Mark T. Keane. An Energy-Efficient, Multi-Agent Sensor Network for Detecting Diffuse Events[J]. In IJCAI, pp 1390-1395,2007.
[29]P. C. Baker, B. Stephen, M. D. Judd. Development of an integrated low-power RF partial discharge detector[C]. in Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), Montreal Canada, Jun.2009.
[30]Y. Thomas Hou, Yi Shi, Hanif D. Sherali. Rate Allocation and Network Lifetime Problems Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL.16, NO.2, APRIL 2008.
[31]Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, Hari Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J]. System Sciences,2000.
[32]W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless micro-sensor networks [J]. in:Proceedings of the 33rd HICSS, Maui, Hawaii,2000, pp.3005-3014.
[33]Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, J. Pan. Lifetime-optimal data routing inwireless sensor networks without flow splitting[J]. in:Workshop onBroadband Advanced Sensor Networks, San Jose, CA,2004.
[34]Ataul Bari, Shamsul Wazed, Arunita Jaekel. A genetic algorithm based approach for energy efficient routing in two-tiered sensor networks[J]. Ad Hoc Networks archive Volume 7, Issue 4 (June 2009) Pages 665-676.
[35]J. Pan, Y.T. Hou, L. Cai, Y. Shi. Topology control for wireless sensor networks[J]. in:Proceedings of the Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2003, pp.286-299.
[36]W. Heinzelman. Application-specific protocol architectures forwireless networks[D]. Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,2000.
[37]W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless micro-sensor networks[C]. in:Proceedings of the 33rd HICSS, Maui, Hawaii,2000, pp.3005-3014.
[38]Yanlin Gong, Gong Chen, Liansheng Tan. A balanced serial Kmeans based clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]. in Proceedings of The 4th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2008), Dalian, China, Oct.12-14,2008.
[39]Ataul Bar, Arunita Jaekel, Subir Bandyopadhyay. Maximizing the Lifetime of Two-Tiered Sensor Networks[C]. Electro/information Technology,2006 IEEE International Conference.
[40]J. Tang, B. Hao, A. Sen. Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications 29 (4) (2006) 490-501.
[41]M. Ettus. System Capacity, Latency and Power Consumption in Multihop-routed SS-CDMA Wireless Networks[C]. In Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON'98), pages 55-58, Aug.1998.
[42]T. Shepard. A Channel Access Scheme for Large Dense Packet Radio Networks[J]. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 219-230, Aug.1996.
[43]JEFFREY E. WIESELTHIER, GAM D. NGUYEN. Energy-Efficient Broadcast and Multicast Trees in Wireless Networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications 7,481-492,2002.
[44]K. Kalpakis, K. Dasgupta, P. Namjoshi. Maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks[C]. in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Networking (ICN'02), Atlanta, GA, Aug.26-29,2002, pp.685-696.
[45]G. Zussman, A. Segall. Energy efficient routing in ad hoc disaster recovery networks[J]. in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.405-421.CA, Mar.30-Apr.3 2003, pp.405-421.
[46]G. Lee, M. Lee, W. Seok. A base station centralized simple clustering protocol for sensor networks[J]. in:IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, LNCS, vol.4096,2006, pp.682-691.
[47]Y. Pan, X. Liu. Energy-efficient lifetime maximization and sleeping scheduling supporting data fusion and QoS in Multi-Sensor Net[J]. Signal Processing 87 (12) (2007)2949-2964.
[48]S.J. Lee, William Su and M. Gerla. On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol in Multihop Wireless Mobile Networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications, Vol.7, No.6,2002, pp 441-453.
[49]Y T. Hou, Y Shi, S.F.Midkiff. On Energy Provisioning and Relay Node Placement for Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. In IEEE International Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), volume 32,2005.
[50]Jasper Goseling, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Tomohiko Uyematsu. Lower Bounds on the MaximumEnergy Benefit of Network Coding forWirelessMultiple Unicast[J]. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2010 (2010), Article ID 605421,13 pages.