唐山市市区中学业余田径竞技运动现状调查与对策研究
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摘要
田径运动在世界上是影响最大的体育运动项目之一,并且也是其他体育运动的基础,而青少年运动员是竞技体育的生力军,是实现竞技体育强国战略目标的人才保证,要使这些运动员能够取得优异的成绩,就必须从各方面充分挖掘他们的运动潜力,不断提高他们参加训练和比赛的积极性。然而,由于多种因素的影响,运动员并没有达到应有的或我们期望的程度,这就成为当前青少年运动员的管理工作的重要课题。各级中学和业余体校是青少年田径运动员的培养地,中学体育工作是体育事业的基础和战略重点,它既是群众体育工作的重要组成部分,担负着国家培养输送优秀体育后备人才、为社会培养体育骨干的双重任务,又是实施“全民健身计划”和“奥运争光计划”的重要结合部,纵观国际竞技体育发展史,无论国家的政体、经济状况如何,以竞技后备人才培养作为竞技体育发展的根本保证,已是各国共同的历史经验、现实选择和发展趋势。[1]所以抓好中学业余田径运动的各项工作是实现我国体育强国的战略措施之一。
近年来,河北省涌现出了许多国内和世界知名的田径运动员,如史东鹏、李梅菊、李延熙、巩立姣、宋爱民、马宁等,目前,除了马宁达到的是奥运会B标外,其余五人均达到了奥运会A标。唐山在全国素有“田径之乡”的美誉,运动健儿在国内外各项赛事上均取得了优异的成绩,唐山比邻北京,随着2008年北京奥运会的到来,也给唐山市人民带来了新的契机与新的挑战,唐山有着良好的群众体育文化氛围,并且有着一套完整的发展田径运动的方案。但近年来,唐山青少年田径运动员的竞技成绩不甚理想,出现了下滑的趋势。
本文研究对象为河北省中学生运动会秩序册与成绩单、唐山市市区中学业余田径运动员、教练员以及参训运动员家长,依此思考唐山市成绩下滑的原因,分析现状,找出解决以及发展的对策。在形式上,本文主要是两个大方面的调查:第一个方面,就是以河北省中学生运动会田径秩序册与成绩单为切入点,了解目前唐山市中学田径运动发展趋势,并进行统计分析。第二个方面包括:唐山市市区中学业余田径运动现状的调查,主要采用问卷的形式,调查的内容主要包括:运动员的基本情况、参赛情况、运动员损伤情况、训练的动机、各项运动员的人数比例、营养问题、运动员家庭情况等等;教练员基本情况、选材方法、各校奖励制度,这方面主要也是通过问卷的形式进行调查。
由于中学业余田径运动本身所具有的各要素的丰富性和影响因素的多样性,以及训练层次的复杂性和多样性,并考虑到本研究条件的限制和研究时间的有限性等多方面的因素,本研究不可能包罗影响业余田径运动成绩因素的所有方面,只能根据研究需要和研究条件,在尽可能全面的基础上选择一些相关的重要方面作重点研究。文章通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法等,对唐山市市区28所中学业余田径运动员、教练员以及运动员家庭现状进行了调查研究,研究发现主要存在的问题有:
1.唐山市市区中学业余田径运动员性别比例不合理;运动员运动年限普遍较短;运动等级不高,运动员文化学习成绩和训练之间的矛盾仍是主要矛盾。运动员训练积极性不高,参训动机与课余训练目标有一定的偏离;运动员运动损伤较为严重,出现伤病后没有科学的恢复措施。
2.教练员年龄结构较为年轻,教学经验不足;科研能力尚欠缺;教练员选材方式单一、存在选材误区;外出参加培训机会较少,教练员之间缺乏相互交流。
3.场地、器材情况差,经费来源不足;部分家庭收入较低,影响了家长送训的积极性。
针对以上问题,有针对性的提出了改善对策:
1.提高运动员成材率;加强思想教育,端正运动员参训动机;重视运动员损伤的预防与恢复;协调学习与训练关系,提高运动员文化水平。
2.提高教练员整体水平;建立完善的田径教练员师资培训体系;加强教练员之间的交流;提高教练员待遇,建立激励机制。
3.使经费来源多元化,提高领导重视;加大对体育赛事的宣传力度,提高家长对田径运动的期望值。
The sport of the track and field is one of the most infusive athletic sports items in the world, and it is also the basis of other athletic sports items, the young athletes is the fresh troops of athletic sports, they are the talent guarantee for realizing the strategic aim of athletic strengthening the country, in order to make the athletes get excellent achievement, it is necessary to develop their athletic potential from all aspects fully and continuously improve their enthusiasm for attending the training and match. However, during to the impact of many factors, the athletes haven’t achieved the degree they should achieve or we want them achieve, so it has been the important subject of management of young athletes. The middle schools and amateurish athletic schools are the training base of young track and field athletes, the athletic work in middle school is the important point and the basis of whole athletic career, it is the important component of the mass athletic, with the double task of cultivating and transporting mothball talents for the country and cultivating athletic enormous asset for the society, it is also the important joint point between“general athletic plan”and“the plan of wining honor for Olympics“, going through the international athletic sport developing history, no matter what the politics and economic condition is, taking the cultivating work of athletic mothball talents as the ultimate guarantee is already the international historical experience, practical choice and developing current. So making a excellent work for every aspects of middle school amateurish track and field athletes is one of the most important strategical measure for realizing athletic strengthening the country.
Recent years, there are many national or international famous track and filed athletes emerging in HEBEI province , like SHI DONGPENG, LI LIHAIJU, LI YANXI, GONG LIJIAO, SONG AIMIN, MA NING and etc, at present, expecting for MA NING who achieving the B degree for Olympic games, all of the others have achieved the A degree for Olympic games. In the whole country, TANGSHAN always hold the name as‘the town of track and filed athletics’, the athletes have got excellent achievement in all kinds of domestic matches, TANGSHAN is near by BEIJING, with the coming of Olympics of BEIJING in 2008, there are new opportunities and challenge for TANGSHAN people, TANGSHAN has outstanding atmosphere of mass athletics, TANGSHAN people like track and filed athletics and have a series complete plan for developing it. But in recent years, as the mothball potence of the track and filed sports, the young athletes of TANGSHAN haven’t got ideal achievement and showed a descending current.
Track and filed athletes are the carriers of Track and filed sports result, so this paper take the amateurish track and filed athletes in TANGSHAN middle school as the study object, basing on it consider the reason for the achievement descending, analyze the actuality and then find out the countermeasure for solving and developing. On form, this paper mainly do research on two aspects: the first aspect, it is also the main aspect of this paper, it is the research on the actuality of the amateurish track and filed athletes, it mainly take the form of questionnaire, the main content is: the basis condition of the athletes, condition of attending the matches and the condition of athletes damnification, training aim, the number proportion in each item, alimentation condition and etc. the second aspect is about other related aspects, including : coach ability, selecting method, family condition and the encouragement system, this aspect is mainly made by questionnaire.
During to the complex condition of amateurish track and filed athletes, this paper can’t include all the aspects of amateurish track and filed athletes, just can make some important research according to research meathod and research condition. This paper research on the actuality of the amateurish track and filed athletes of 28 TANGSHAN middle schools, it analyze the main problem and give out the improving countermeasure, the research found the main problem as follows:
1. The sex properation of amateurish track and filed athletes in TANGSHAN city is not proper, the sporting age is usually short, sport degree is low, and the conflict between culture grade and training grade is still held the main position. The positivity of the athletes is not high, there is departure between motivation and aim. Most of the athletes can’t have a recover after training and in long-time tired condition, there is serious dandification among athletes.
2. The age structure of the coach is young, they are lack of teching experience and scientific research ability. The selection method for coach is simplex and there is error in it, the direction of professional selecting theory is lack, there is few oppertunities for the coach having cultivation, there is little experience communication between coaches
3. The low income of some families have affected the motivation of these parents to deliver their kids to take training.
For the above-mentioned problems, targeted by the measures to improve:
1. Improve the athletes to become useful; strengthen the ideological education, correct athletes taking part motivated; athletes to injury prevention and recovery; coordination of learning and training, improve the cultural level athletes.
2. Coaches raise the overall level of the establishment of a sound track and field coaches teacher training system and strengthening the exchanges between the coaches, increasing the coaches treatment, establish a mechanism of motivation.
3. To diversify sources of funding, improve their leadership attention on sports events intensify the publicity, to raise the parents of track and field's expectations.
近年来,河北省涌现出了许多国内和世界知名的田径运动员,如史东鹏、李梅菊、李延熙、巩立姣、宋爱民、马宁等,目前,除了马宁达到的是奥运会B标外,其余五人均达到了奥运会A标。唐山在全国素有“田径之乡”的美誉,运动健儿在国内外各项赛事上均取得了优异的成绩,唐山比邻北京,随着2008年北京奥运会的到来,也给唐山市人民带来了新的契机与新的挑战,唐山有着良好的群众体育文化氛围,并且有着一套完整的发展田径运动的方案。但近年来,唐山青少年田径运动员的竞技成绩不甚理想,出现了下滑的趋势。
本文研究对象为河北省中学生运动会秩序册与成绩单、唐山市市区中学业余田径运动员、教练员以及参训运动员家长,依此思考唐山市成绩下滑的原因,分析现状,找出解决以及发展的对策。在形式上,本文主要是两个大方面的调查:第一个方面,就是以河北省中学生运动会田径秩序册与成绩单为切入点,了解目前唐山市中学田径运动发展趋势,并进行统计分析。第二个方面包括:唐山市市区中学业余田径运动现状的调查,主要采用问卷的形式,调查的内容主要包括:运动员的基本情况、参赛情况、运动员损伤情况、训练的动机、各项运动员的人数比例、营养问题、运动员家庭情况等等;教练员基本情况、选材方法、各校奖励制度,这方面主要也是通过问卷的形式进行调查。
由于中学业余田径运动本身所具有的各要素的丰富性和影响因素的多样性,以及训练层次的复杂性和多样性,并考虑到本研究条件的限制和研究时间的有限性等多方面的因素,本研究不可能包罗影响业余田径运动成绩因素的所有方面,只能根据研究需要和研究条件,在尽可能全面的基础上选择一些相关的重要方面作重点研究。文章通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法等,对唐山市市区28所中学业余田径运动员、教练员以及运动员家庭现状进行了调查研究,研究发现主要存在的问题有:
1.唐山市市区中学业余田径运动员性别比例不合理;运动员运动年限普遍较短;运动等级不高,运动员文化学习成绩和训练之间的矛盾仍是主要矛盾。运动员训练积极性不高,参训动机与课余训练目标有一定的偏离;运动员运动损伤较为严重,出现伤病后没有科学的恢复措施。
2.教练员年龄结构较为年轻,教学经验不足;科研能力尚欠缺;教练员选材方式单一、存在选材误区;外出参加培训机会较少,教练员之间缺乏相互交流。
3.场地、器材情况差,经费来源不足;部分家庭收入较低,影响了家长送训的积极性。
针对以上问题,有针对性的提出了改善对策:
1.提高运动员成材率;加强思想教育,端正运动员参训动机;重视运动员损伤的预防与恢复;协调学习与训练关系,提高运动员文化水平。
2.提高教练员整体水平;建立完善的田径教练员师资培训体系;加强教练员之间的交流;提高教练员待遇,建立激励机制。
3.使经费来源多元化,提高领导重视;加大对体育赛事的宣传力度,提高家长对田径运动的期望值。
The sport of the track and field is one of the most infusive athletic sports items in the world, and it is also the basis of other athletic sports items, the young athletes is the fresh troops of athletic sports, they are the talent guarantee for realizing the strategic aim of athletic strengthening the country, in order to make the athletes get excellent achievement, it is necessary to develop their athletic potential from all aspects fully and continuously improve their enthusiasm for attending the training and match. However, during to the impact of many factors, the athletes haven’t achieved the degree they should achieve or we want them achieve, so it has been the important subject of management of young athletes. The middle schools and amateurish athletic schools are the training base of young track and field athletes, the athletic work in middle school is the important point and the basis of whole athletic career, it is the important component of the mass athletic, with the double task of cultivating and transporting mothball talents for the country and cultivating athletic enormous asset for the society, it is also the important joint point between“general athletic plan”and“the plan of wining honor for Olympics“, going through the international athletic sport developing history, no matter what the politics and economic condition is, taking the cultivating work of athletic mothball talents as the ultimate guarantee is already the international historical experience, practical choice and developing current. So making a excellent work for every aspects of middle school amateurish track and field athletes is one of the most important strategical measure for realizing athletic strengthening the country.
Recent years, there are many national or international famous track and filed athletes emerging in HEBEI province , like SHI DONGPENG, LI LIHAIJU, LI YANXI, GONG LIJIAO, SONG AIMIN, MA NING and etc, at present, expecting for MA NING who achieving the B degree for Olympic games, all of the others have achieved the A degree for Olympic games. In the whole country, TANGSHAN always hold the name as‘the town of track and filed athletics’, the athletes have got excellent achievement in all kinds of domestic matches, TANGSHAN is near by BEIJING, with the coming of Olympics of BEIJING in 2008, there are new opportunities and challenge for TANGSHAN people, TANGSHAN has outstanding atmosphere of mass athletics, TANGSHAN people like track and filed athletics and have a series complete plan for developing it. But in recent years, as the mothball potence of the track and filed sports, the young athletes of TANGSHAN haven’t got ideal achievement and showed a descending current.
Track and filed athletes are the carriers of Track and filed sports result, so this paper take the amateurish track and filed athletes in TANGSHAN middle school as the study object, basing on it consider the reason for the achievement descending, analyze the actuality and then find out the countermeasure for solving and developing. On form, this paper mainly do research on two aspects: the first aspect, it is also the main aspect of this paper, it is the research on the actuality of the amateurish track and filed athletes, it mainly take the form of questionnaire, the main content is: the basis condition of the athletes, condition of attending the matches and the condition of athletes damnification, training aim, the number proportion in each item, alimentation condition and etc. the second aspect is about other related aspects, including : coach ability, selecting method, family condition and the encouragement system, this aspect is mainly made by questionnaire.
During to the complex condition of amateurish track and filed athletes, this paper can’t include all the aspects of amateurish track and filed athletes, just can make some important research according to research meathod and research condition. This paper research on the actuality of the amateurish track and filed athletes of 28 TANGSHAN middle schools, it analyze the main problem and give out the improving countermeasure, the research found the main problem as follows:
1. The sex properation of amateurish track and filed athletes in TANGSHAN city is not proper, the sporting age is usually short, sport degree is low, and the conflict between culture grade and training grade is still held the main position. The positivity of the athletes is not high, there is departure between motivation and aim. Most of the athletes can’t have a recover after training and in long-time tired condition, there is serious dandification among athletes.
2. The age structure of the coach is young, they are lack of teching experience and scientific research ability. The selection method for coach is simplex and there is error in it, the direction of professional selecting theory is lack, there is few oppertunities for the coach having cultivation, there is little experience communication between coaches
3. The low income of some families have affected the motivation of these parents to deliver their kids to take training.
For the above-mentioned problems, targeted by the measures to improve:
1. Improve the athletes to become useful; strengthen the ideological education, correct athletes taking part motivated; athletes to injury prevention and recovery; coordination of learning and training, improve the cultural level athletes.
2. Coaches raise the overall level of the establishment of a sound track and field coaches teacher training system and strengthening the exchanges between the coaches, increasing the coaches treatment, establish a mechanism of motivation.
3. To diversify sources of funding, improve their leadership attention on sports events intensify the publicity, to raise the parents of track and field's expectations.
引文
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