塔中地区帚状构造应力场演化及控油作用研究
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摘要
塔中地区帚状构造带位于塔里木盆地中央隆起带上,具有巨大的油气资源潜力和勘探前景。但仅在塔中4油田奥陶系见到工业油气流,塔中地区帚状构造带上实钻勘探效果并不理想。构造发育、演化及其对储层、油气成藏的控制作用不清是导致勘探效果不佳的主要原因。因此,本论文从塔中地区构造变形特征和构造应力测量入手,通过模拟来分析该地区的应力场特征,并探讨应力与油气勘探和开发的关系。
塔中地区地面构造非常发育,因此论文论述了研究区的断裂系统发育特征,着重对帚状断裂带进行了野外调查。在对前人资料研究的基础上,通过野外调查,论证了该断裂带的运动方式。另外,在对塔中地区构造特征进行分析的基础上,结合对其影响重大的地史运动期次梳理了塔中地区构造演化的过程,并简单探讨了其与油气藏的关系。
在构造应力研究方面,运用磁组构、古地磁等方法,结合构造分析等多种方法,探讨了该地区古应力场的应力特征。根据应力测量、结合GPS资料、测井资料解释、地质资料等,分析现今应力场方向,在古构造恢复基础上有针对性的建立了四个地史时期的地质模型,采用有限元方法进行构造应力的数值模拟,确定了塔中地区在不同地质时期应力分布特征,进而揭示了不同时期断裂的封闭性和油气运移的优势指向。
利用应力模拟成果,找出有利油气聚集的应力区带,将这些区带与有利构造圈闭进行对比,圈定了不同时期研究区有利圈闭,指出塔中地区构造带勘探有利方向。
参考塔中地区储层评价和预测,本文提出了塔中地区进一步勘探的重点有利区带4个:奥陶系碳酸盐岩优质储层分布区中TZ44、TZ24、TZ26贯穿一带;志留纪油气流重点勘探区带集中在中47、中10、中11围成区域;勘探地层为晚奥陶世—泥盆纪勘探区为塔中49、塔中45井圈闭、中201中11圈闭、中23圈闭、中12圈闭、中44中16圈闭、中24圈闭、中26圈闭;勘探地层为石炭纪—早二叠世地区为中18圈闭。
The brush structure is located in the central uplift of Tarim Basin, and it has huge oil resource and exploration prospect in this area. But the exploration result of the central Tarim area is not good, with discovered industrial oil and gas flow only in Ordovician system of TZ 4 oil field. The constraints cause mainly by the insufficient research on the structure development and evolution and its controls on reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation. Therefore, the thesis was based on the tectonic deformation characteristics and structural stress measurement in central Tarim area, then author simulated the stress field of this area by means of FEM. Further author discussed the relationship between stress field and exploration and development of the oil-gas.
The ground structural features in Tarim area develop well. The thesis discussed the development character of the fault and folds in the area, and made an emphasis on the brush structure by field investigations. Moreover, based on the analysis of tectonic characteristics and combined with the evident epoch of mountain folding in Central Tarim area, author analyzed the progress of the structure evolution in this area, and further discussed the relationship between tectonic characters and the oil-gas.
With regard to the tectonic stress study, making use of many methods such as magnetic fabric, archaeomagnetism and combining with tectonic analysis, author discussed the paleo-stress field characteristics in this area. Based on the stress measurement data, GPS data, well logging data and geological materials, author discussed the present stress field. Author set up four geological models based on recovered paleo-tectonics, and numerically simulated the tectonic stress by use of FEM to gain the stress distribution characteristics of Central Tarim area in different geological age. Finally revealed the fault closure and its opening extent in each age and the predominant direction of hydrocarbon migration, which supplyed the important reference and guidance for hydrocarbon reservoir' exploration.
The thesis used the stress simulation results to find out the stress areas which were advantage for hydrocarbon accumulation, and analyzed these stress areas to outline the advantage traps of each age. Baesd on the results of stress, author concluded the favorable target for further prospecting in central Tarim area of Tarim Basin.
According to the prediction and the evaluation of reservoir in Central Tarim area, author suggests that there should be 4 important favorable areas for next exploration, which are the following areas: Ordovician system of Z44-24-26area with carbonatite reservoir bed; Silurian period prospect areas are Z47-10-11 area; Late Ordovician- Devonian period prospect areas are Z49、Z45、Z201-11、Z23、Z12、Z44-16、Z24、Z26; Carboniferou-Early Permain Period prospect area is Z18.
塔中地区地面构造非常发育,因此论文论述了研究区的断裂系统发育特征,着重对帚状断裂带进行了野外调查。在对前人资料研究的基础上,通过野外调查,论证了该断裂带的运动方式。另外,在对塔中地区构造特征进行分析的基础上,结合对其影响重大的地史运动期次梳理了塔中地区构造演化的过程,并简单探讨了其与油气藏的关系。
在构造应力研究方面,运用磁组构、古地磁等方法,结合构造分析等多种方法,探讨了该地区古应力场的应力特征。根据应力测量、结合GPS资料、测井资料解释、地质资料等,分析现今应力场方向,在古构造恢复基础上有针对性的建立了四个地史时期的地质模型,采用有限元方法进行构造应力的数值模拟,确定了塔中地区在不同地质时期应力分布特征,进而揭示了不同时期断裂的封闭性和油气运移的优势指向。
利用应力模拟成果,找出有利油气聚集的应力区带,将这些区带与有利构造圈闭进行对比,圈定了不同时期研究区有利圈闭,指出塔中地区构造带勘探有利方向。
参考塔中地区储层评价和预测,本文提出了塔中地区进一步勘探的重点有利区带4个:奥陶系碳酸盐岩优质储层分布区中TZ44、TZ24、TZ26贯穿一带;志留纪油气流重点勘探区带集中在中47、中10、中11围成区域;勘探地层为晚奥陶世—泥盆纪勘探区为塔中49、塔中45井圈闭、中201中11圈闭、中23圈闭、中12圈闭、中44中16圈闭、中24圈闭、中26圈闭;勘探地层为石炭纪—早二叠世地区为中18圈闭。
The brush structure is located in the central uplift of Tarim Basin, and it has huge oil resource and exploration prospect in this area. But the exploration result of the central Tarim area is not good, with discovered industrial oil and gas flow only in Ordovician system of TZ 4 oil field. The constraints cause mainly by the insufficient research on the structure development and evolution and its controls on reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation. Therefore, the thesis was based on the tectonic deformation characteristics and structural stress measurement in central Tarim area, then author simulated the stress field of this area by means of FEM. Further author discussed the relationship between stress field and exploration and development of the oil-gas.
The ground structural features in Tarim area develop well. The thesis discussed the development character of the fault and folds in the area, and made an emphasis on the brush structure by field investigations. Moreover, based on the analysis of tectonic characteristics and combined with the evident epoch of mountain folding in Central Tarim area, author analyzed the progress of the structure evolution in this area, and further discussed the relationship between tectonic characters and the oil-gas.
With regard to the tectonic stress study, making use of many methods such as magnetic fabric, archaeomagnetism and combining with tectonic analysis, author discussed the paleo-stress field characteristics in this area. Based on the stress measurement data, GPS data, well logging data and geological materials, author discussed the present stress field. Author set up four geological models based on recovered paleo-tectonics, and numerically simulated the tectonic stress by use of FEM to gain the stress distribution characteristics of Central Tarim area in different geological age. Finally revealed the fault closure and its opening extent in each age and the predominant direction of hydrocarbon migration, which supplyed the important reference and guidance for hydrocarbon reservoir' exploration.
The thesis used the stress simulation results to find out the stress areas which were advantage for hydrocarbon accumulation, and analyzed these stress areas to outline the advantage traps of each age. Baesd on the results of stress, author concluded the favorable target for further prospecting in central Tarim area of Tarim Basin.
According to the prediction and the evaluation of reservoir in Central Tarim area, author suggests that there should be 4 important favorable areas for next exploration, which are the following areas: Ordovician system of Z44-24-26area with carbonatite reservoir bed; Silurian period prospect areas are Z47-10-11 area; Late Ordovician- Devonian period prospect areas are Z49、Z45、Z201-11、Z23、Z12、Z44-16、Z24、Z26; Carboniferou-Early Permain Period prospect area is Z18.
引文
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[10]宋惠珍 1999.脆性岩储层裂缝定量预测的尝试[J].地质力学学报,5(1):76-84.
[11]宋惠珍,贾承造,欧阳建,魏国齐,曾海容,黄辅容.2001.裂缝性储集层研究理论与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
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