陕西省商南县湘河地区钒矿控矿地质条件研究
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摘要
近年来,随着中国国民经济的强劲增长和科学技术的快速进步,钒及其化合物被广泛应用于钢铁、化工、超导、特殊合金和工艺制作等领域,钒的市场需求逐年增长。随着国际铁矿石价格的上涨,我国合金钢材产量的比例必将大幅提高,对钒资源的需求量也将不断扩大,石煤钒矿资源已经越来越引起人们的重视,开发前景十分看好。因此,对寒武系底部黑色岩系中钒矿床产出地质条件、矿床成因类型及控矿因素研究显得尤为必要。
通过野外地质考察、采样,对研究区内钒矿床地质资料的收集、整理,以及对采集样品微量元素、稀土元素的分析,论文深入研究了商南县湘河地区钒矿床的地质特征、矿床地球化学特征以及成矿控制地质条件,并取得了以下主要成果和认识:
1、湘河地区钒矿主要产出于下寒武统水沟口组的黑色岩系中,而且主要赋存在该岩系硅质岩与炭质泥岩互层组合的炭质泥岩中。研究区两侧的同生断裂构造为海底热液提供了运移的通道,热液中的钒在富含微生物强还原、滞流特征的沉积环境中沉积下来富集成矿。总的来说,湘河地区钒矿床受地层、岩性、有机质、古构造和古地理条件控制,是在有机质(生物化学)参与下发生成矿作用。炭质泥岩是有生物活动的沉积岩,硅质岩是典型的热水沉积岩。V、Ti、Ba、Si等元素来源于海底热水活动。矿床具有生物成矿与海底热水沉积的双重特征,属于生物地球化学沉积矿床范畴。
2、湘河地区钒矿床位于秦岭褶皱系南秦岭海西-印支褶皱带东段,丹江断裂南侧,武当穹隆(地块)北缘,冷水河-白浪镇向斜的两翼。含矿岩系为硅质岩+细碎屑岩夹少量碎屑碳酸盐的黑色岩系建造,反映了含矿岩系形成于缺少陆源粗碎屑、非补偿性、富含微生物强还原、滞流特征的沉积环境。
3、矿床中的黑色岩系含矿建造主要岩石类型为炭质泥岩和硅质岩,矿物成分主要为石英、长石、粘土(伊利石或绢云母)以及黄铁矿、重晶石等。整套岩系富含污染型有机碳。在该组合中,此两类岩石互成条带或层状,磷结核也常常出现在其中,但钒主要赋存在(纹层状)泥岩中,磷结核中钒的品位也很低。这表明该矿床包含了两类不同并且经常交替出现的沉积环境。
4、REE研究表明,含矿建造中硅质岩的REE球粒陨石标准化模式仅有有限的Ce正异常和明显的Eu正异常,以及含矿建造中泥岩的REE球粒陨石标准化模式具有中等的Ce负异常和明显的Eu正异常、向右倾的图形,说明该类岩石形成于异常的高温还原性沉积环境中。含矿建造中容矿岩石的REE球粒陨石标准化模式是具有中等的Ce负异常和明显的Eu正异常、向右倾的图形,与一些热水沉积物的模式都有相似之处。含矿建造中的三类样品都反映了海底热水流体的特性。
In recent years, with the strong growth of the national economy and the advancement of technology, vanadium and its compounds are widely used in iron and steel, chemical engineering, superconductors, special alloys and technology production.The market demand of vanadium grows year after year. As the international iron ore price increases, the alloy steel output in China will substantially increase the proportion ,and the demand for vanadium resources will continue to expand.Vanadium mineral resources has increasingly aroused people's attention, with very good development prospects. Therefore, it is especially essential to research the geological condition, genetic type and ore-control factors of vanadium deposits, in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian system.
Through the geology survey in the open air, the sampling, the lead-zinc deposit geological data collection, reorganization, as well as to study trace elements, rare earth elements of the sample, the paper has initially discussed the vanadium deposit geological feature, the ore deposit geochemistry characteristic, as well as the ore-control factor, and has yielded below the main results and conclusions:
1、The vanadium deposit in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian system, is controled by the formation, lithology, organic matter, the ancient structure and ancient geography.The mineralization has organic matter (biochemistry) participation. Carbonaceous shale is a sedimentary rock with biological activities, cherts is a typical hot water sedimentary rocks. V, Ti, Ba, Si and other elements came from the submarine hydrothermal activity.Deposits with double feature of microbial mineralization and deposition of hot water in the seabed, belong to biogeochemical sedimentary deposit areas.
2、The vanadium deposit in Xiang River region is located the south of Qinling Hercynian - the eastern section of Indo-Chinese fold belt in the Qinling fold system, south of Danjiang fracture, Wudang dome (block) north margin, the two wings of Lengshuihe - Bai Lang town syncline. Ore-bearing rocks for cherts + clastic rocks with a small amount of carbonate rocks in the construction of the black rocks , react that the ore-bearing rocks format at the sedimentary environment with the lack of land-based sources of rough debris , non-compensatory-rich microbial, delay flow characteristics.
3、The main rock types of deposits in the black rocks of the main ore-bearing construction are carbonaceous shale and silica rock. mineral composition are mainly quartz, feldspar, clay (illite or sericite) and pyrite, barite, and so on.The rocks are rich in organic carbon. In the compage, the two types of rock show bands or inter-layered, and phosphorus nodule often appear.But vanadium host in mudstone. The vanadium grade in the phosphorus nodule is also low. This indicates that the deposit may contain two different sedimentary environment and often turn.
4、REE study shows that the REE chondrite standardized model of the construction of the ore-bearing siliceous rocks shows only limited Ce is negative anomaly and the Eu is obviously negative anomaly, and ore-bearing shale in the construction of REE chondrite standardized model shows a middle Ce negative anomaly , a very obvious Eu anomaly, and the right dip graph, that shows rock format in the most high-temperature deoxidization environment. The REE chondrite standardized model of the ore-bearing host rock show a middle Ce negative anomaly , obviously Eu positive anomaly and the right dip graphics, which are similar to some hot water sediments model. All the three samples in the ore-bearing construction react the feature of submarine hydrothermal fluids.
通过野外地质考察、采样,对研究区内钒矿床地质资料的收集、整理,以及对采集样品微量元素、稀土元素的分析,论文深入研究了商南县湘河地区钒矿床的地质特征、矿床地球化学特征以及成矿控制地质条件,并取得了以下主要成果和认识:
1、湘河地区钒矿主要产出于下寒武统水沟口组的黑色岩系中,而且主要赋存在该岩系硅质岩与炭质泥岩互层组合的炭质泥岩中。研究区两侧的同生断裂构造为海底热液提供了运移的通道,热液中的钒在富含微生物强还原、滞流特征的沉积环境中沉积下来富集成矿。总的来说,湘河地区钒矿床受地层、岩性、有机质、古构造和古地理条件控制,是在有机质(生物化学)参与下发生成矿作用。炭质泥岩是有生物活动的沉积岩,硅质岩是典型的热水沉积岩。V、Ti、Ba、Si等元素来源于海底热水活动。矿床具有生物成矿与海底热水沉积的双重特征,属于生物地球化学沉积矿床范畴。
2、湘河地区钒矿床位于秦岭褶皱系南秦岭海西-印支褶皱带东段,丹江断裂南侧,武当穹隆(地块)北缘,冷水河-白浪镇向斜的两翼。含矿岩系为硅质岩+细碎屑岩夹少量碎屑碳酸盐的黑色岩系建造,反映了含矿岩系形成于缺少陆源粗碎屑、非补偿性、富含微生物强还原、滞流特征的沉积环境。
3、矿床中的黑色岩系含矿建造主要岩石类型为炭质泥岩和硅质岩,矿物成分主要为石英、长石、粘土(伊利石或绢云母)以及黄铁矿、重晶石等。整套岩系富含污染型有机碳。在该组合中,此两类岩石互成条带或层状,磷结核也常常出现在其中,但钒主要赋存在(纹层状)泥岩中,磷结核中钒的品位也很低。这表明该矿床包含了两类不同并且经常交替出现的沉积环境。
4、REE研究表明,含矿建造中硅质岩的REE球粒陨石标准化模式仅有有限的Ce正异常和明显的Eu正异常,以及含矿建造中泥岩的REE球粒陨石标准化模式具有中等的Ce负异常和明显的Eu正异常、向右倾的图形,说明该类岩石形成于异常的高温还原性沉积环境中。含矿建造中容矿岩石的REE球粒陨石标准化模式是具有中等的Ce负异常和明显的Eu正异常、向右倾的图形,与一些热水沉积物的模式都有相似之处。含矿建造中的三类样品都反映了海底热水流体的特性。
In recent years, with the strong growth of the national economy and the advancement of technology, vanadium and its compounds are widely used in iron and steel, chemical engineering, superconductors, special alloys and technology production.The market demand of vanadium grows year after year. As the international iron ore price increases, the alloy steel output in China will substantially increase the proportion ,and the demand for vanadium resources will continue to expand.Vanadium mineral resources has increasingly aroused people's attention, with very good development prospects. Therefore, it is especially essential to research the geological condition, genetic type and ore-control factors of vanadium deposits, in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian system.
Through the geology survey in the open air, the sampling, the lead-zinc deposit geological data collection, reorganization, as well as to study trace elements, rare earth elements of the sample, the paper has initially discussed the vanadium deposit geological feature, the ore deposit geochemistry characteristic, as well as the ore-control factor, and has yielded below the main results and conclusions:
1、The vanadium deposit in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian system, is controled by the formation, lithology, organic matter, the ancient structure and ancient geography.The mineralization has organic matter (biochemistry) participation. Carbonaceous shale is a sedimentary rock with biological activities, cherts is a typical hot water sedimentary rocks. V, Ti, Ba, Si and other elements came from the submarine hydrothermal activity.Deposits with double feature of microbial mineralization and deposition of hot water in the seabed, belong to biogeochemical sedimentary deposit areas.
2、The vanadium deposit in Xiang River region is located the south of Qinling Hercynian - the eastern section of Indo-Chinese fold belt in the Qinling fold system, south of Danjiang fracture, Wudang dome (block) north margin, the two wings of Lengshuihe - Bai Lang town syncline. Ore-bearing rocks for cherts + clastic rocks with a small amount of carbonate rocks in the construction of the black rocks , react that the ore-bearing rocks format at the sedimentary environment with the lack of land-based sources of rough debris , non-compensatory-rich microbial, delay flow characteristics.
3、The main rock types of deposits in the black rocks of the main ore-bearing construction are carbonaceous shale and silica rock. mineral composition are mainly quartz, feldspar, clay (illite or sericite) and pyrite, barite, and so on.The rocks are rich in organic carbon. In the compage, the two types of rock show bands or inter-layered, and phosphorus nodule often appear.But vanadium host in mudstone. The vanadium grade in the phosphorus nodule is also low. This indicates that the deposit may contain two different sedimentary environment and often turn.
4、REE study shows that the REE chondrite standardized model of the construction of the ore-bearing siliceous rocks shows only limited Ce is negative anomaly and the Eu is obviously negative anomaly, and ore-bearing shale in the construction of REE chondrite standardized model shows a middle Ce negative anomaly , a very obvious Eu anomaly, and the right dip graph, that shows rock format in the most high-temperature deoxidization environment. The REE chondrite standardized model of the ore-bearing host rock show a middle Ce negative anomaly , obviously Eu positive anomaly and the right dip graphics, which are similar to some hot water sediments model. All the three samples in the ore-bearing construction react the feature of submarine hydrothermal fluids.
引文
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