脂类营养对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长和生殖的影响研究
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摘要
采用生物化学、组织学和酶学等方法详细地研究了脂类营养对雄性红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)生长和生殖的影响。先从脂肪源的角度,探讨不同脂肪源对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长的影响,寻找适合该虾生长的较好脂肪源；又在特定脂肪源的基础饲料中添加不同含量的胆固醇,研究其对性腺快速发育期雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长及生殖的影响,填补该虾胆固醇营养及代谢研究的空白,探讨饲料中胆固醇的适宜添加量,为解决该虾育苗实践中的亲体培养问题及全价配合饲料的研制提供理论支持。
1不同脂肪源对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长、脂肪酸组成及消化酶活力的影响
体长11±1.05 cm的雄性红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)经参照组(商业饲料)和四种不同脂肪源(鱼油,花生油,豆油,猪油)的饲料饲养8周,分别测定各饲料组虾肝胰腺和肌肉脂肪酸组成以及肝胰腺消化酶比活力。结果显示,豆油组的体重增长率和饲料效率最高,猪油组的体重增长率、饲料效率和存活率均最低。各饲料组红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中的脂肪酸主要由软脂酸(16：0)、油酸(18：1 n-9)和亚油酸(18：2 n-6)组成,但各种脂肪酸的含量有较大差异。其中豆油组SFA含量(27.78%)最低,猪油组SFA含量(38.10%)最高；花生油组MUFA含量(39.55%)最高,豆油组MUFA含量(29.78%)最低；豆油组PUFA含量(42.43%)最高,猪油组PUFA含量(24.45%)最低。豆油组的脂肪酶活力显著高于花生油组、鱼油组和猪油组,但显著低于参照组；豆油组、花生油组和鱼油组的胰蛋白酶比活力没有显著差异,但显著高于猪油组；各实验组淀粉酶和纤维素酶比活力均没有显著差异。实验结果表明,投喂豆油组饲料的雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长状况及存活率较好,结合各组饲料脂肪酸测定结果,推测豆油组饲料中各种脂肪酸含量及高不饱和脂肪酸比例适合该虾性腺快速发育期的营养需求。
2饲料中添加不同含量的胆固醇对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长、生化组成及消化酶活力的影响
通过对初始体长为10cm左右的性腺快速发育期雄性红螯光壳螯虾投喂10周不同胆固醇含量的人工配合饲料,添加量分别为对照组(0),实验1组(0.25%),实验2组(0.5%),实验3组(0.75%),实验4组(1.00%),测定各组实验虾生化组成和肝胰腺消化酶活力。结果显示,实验2组虾生长状况最好；3组粗脂肪含量最高,2组粗蛋白含量最高；肝胰腺亚油酸及ARA(20：4 n-6)含量随饲料中胆固醇添加量的增加而升高；EPA(20：5 n-3)及DHA(22：6 n-3)含量均在饲料中胆固醇添加量为0.5%时达到最高；肌肉脂肪酸组成各实验组无显著差异；胰蛋白酶活力以实验2组最高,脂肪酶活力实验2、3、4组之间无显著差异,但显著高于实验1组和对照组。本实验结果表明,性腺快速发育期的雄性红螯光壳螯虾饲料中添加0.50%的胆固醇能有效促进该虾的生长。
3饲料中添加不同含量的胆固醇对雄性红螯光壳螯虾精巢碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、ATP酶的影响
通过对初始体长为10cm左右的雄性红螯光壳螯虾投喂胆固醇添加量分别为对照组(0%),实验1组(0.25%),实验2组(0.50%),实验3组(0.75%),实验4组(1.00%)的人工配合饲料10周后,测定各组实验虾精巢碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和ATP酶(ATPase)活力。结果显示,精巢AKP活力和LDH活力随饲料中胆固醇添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,均以实验3组最高,各实验组AKP活力和LDH活力均显著高于对照组；精巢ATPase活力实验2组和实验3组之间无显著差异,均显著高于实验1、4组和对照组。本实验结果表明,对处于性腺快速发育阶段的雄性红螯光壳螯虾饲料中胆固醇的最适添加量在0.50%-0.75%之间,该添加量能有效促进该虾性腺的发育。
Effects of lipid nutrition on growth and reproductive in male redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were studied by the examination of bio-chemistry, histological and enzymatic methods. First we from the perspective of dietary lipid sources on growth of male Cherax quadricarinatus and found the best fat source suitable for growth. In particular fat source of dietary, we add different cholesterol levels in feed, study its effect on growth and reproductive in gonad rapid development phase. According to fill the research blankness of shrimp nutrition and metabolism of cholesterol in the diet of optimal addition, in order to resolve the shrimp cultivation practice in breeding prawn training problem and provides theoretical support for the research of full price plus feed.
1 Influence of different lipid sources on growth, fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activity in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.
The the fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle, and the activity of hepatopancreas digestive enzyme of Cherax quadricarinatus with the body length of 11±1.05 cm that fed with commercial feed and four kinds of diet with different lipid sources (fish oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, pork lard) respectively after 8 weeks breeding were analysed. The results indicated that the highest weight growth rate and feed rate were detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources, the lowest weight growth rate, feed rate and survival rate were detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with pork lard as the lipid sources. The main profiles of the fatty acid of Cherax quadricarinatus were 16:0,18:1 n-9 and 18:2 n-6, but the content of fatty acid were different. The highest composition of SFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with pork lard as the lipid sources (38.10%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources(27.78%). The highest composition of MUFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with peanut oil as the lipid sources (39.55%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources (29.78%). The highest composition of PUFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil as the lipid sources (42.43%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with lard as the lipid sources (24.45%). The lipdase activity of Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil as the lipid sources was significant higher than that of peanut oil, fish oil and pork lard but significant lower than that of control grup. The Trypsin activity of Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil, peanut oil and fish oil has no significant different but significant higher than that of pork lard. The amylase and cellulase activity among the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with different lipid sources has no significant different. In conclusion, the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with peanut oil as the lipid sources has better growth rate and survival rate than other lipid sources, that may be caused by the special fatty acid rate just like EPA/ARA/DHA and the composition of HUFA has met the nutrition needs of gonad accelerated phase of Cherax quadricarinatus.
2 Effects of different levels of cholesterol on growth, bio-chemistry composition and digestive enzyme in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
Through the initial body length 10.5cm in the male redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) fed cholesterol for 10 weeks with different artificial diets (the control and experimental group 1 to 4 groups of cholesterol were added,0,0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%,1.00%), shrimp in each group were measured in bio-chemistry composition and hepatopancreas digestive enzymes. The results showed that Group 2 shrimp had the best growth index, group 3 had the highest crude fat content, group 2 had the highest crude protein content. The hepatopancreas of linoleic acid and ARA (20:4 n-6) content with cholesterol addition rises; EPA (20:5 n-3) and DHA (22:6 n-3) content in the feed cholesterol level is 0.5% of the maximum; muscle fatty acid composition of various experimental group has no significant differences. Trypsin to experiment 2 group maximum, lipase activity there was no significant difference between group 2,3,4, but set higher experiment to group 1 and control. The results suggest that gonadal rapid developmental phase male Cherax quadricarinatus added to 0.50% of the cholesterol in feed can effectively promote the growth of the shrimp.
3 Effects of different levels of cholesterol on testis AKP, LDH and ATPase activity in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.
Through the initial body length 10.5cm in the male redclaw crayfish(Cherax quadricarinatus) fed cholesterol for 10 weeks with different artificial diets (the control and experimental group 1 to 4 groups of cholesterol were added,0,0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%,1.00%), shrimp in each group were measured in testis AKP, LDH, ATPase activity. The results showed that testis AKP activity and LDH activity all add bloat rendering first by a downward trend, with the highest experiment 3 group, the experimental group AKP activity LDH activity are significantly higher than control group; testis ATPase activity there has no significant differences between group 2 and 3, but significantly higher than both experiment 1 to 4 group and control group. The results suggest that gonadal rapid developmental phase male Cherax quadricarinatus added to 0.50-0.75% of the cholesterol level in feed, the amount to be effective in promoting the development of shrimp gonad.
1不同脂肪源对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长、脂肪酸组成及消化酶活力的影响
体长11±1.05 cm的雄性红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)经参照组(商业饲料)和四种不同脂肪源(鱼油,花生油,豆油,猪油)的饲料饲养8周,分别测定各饲料组虾肝胰腺和肌肉脂肪酸组成以及肝胰腺消化酶比活力。结果显示,豆油组的体重增长率和饲料效率最高,猪油组的体重增长率、饲料效率和存活率均最低。各饲料组红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中的脂肪酸主要由软脂酸(16：0)、油酸(18：1 n-9)和亚油酸(18：2 n-6)组成,但各种脂肪酸的含量有较大差异。其中豆油组SFA含量(27.78%)最低,猪油组SFA含量(38.10%)最高；花生油组MUFA含量(39.55%)最高,豆油组MUFA含量(29.78%)最低；豆油组PUFA含量(42.43%)最高,猪油组PUFA含量(24.45%)最低。豆油组的脂肪酶活力显著高于花生油组、鱼油组和猪油组,但显著低于参照组；豆油组、花生油组和鱼油组的胰蛋白酶比活力没有显著差异,但显著高于猪油组；各实验组淀粉酶和纤维素酶比活力均没有显著差异。实验结果表明,投喂豆油组饲料的雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长状况及存活率较好,结合各组饲料脂肪酸测定结果,推测豆油组饲料中各种脂肪酸含量及高不饱和脂肪酸比例适合该虾性腺快速发育期的营养需求。
2饲料中添加不同含量的胆固醇对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长、生化组成及消化酶活力的影响
通过对初始体长为10cm左右的性腺快速发育期雄性红螯光壳螯虾投喂10周不同胆固醇含量的人工配合饲料,添加量分别为对照组(0),实验1组(0.25%),实验2组(0.5%),实验3组(0.75%),实验4组(1.00%),测定各组实验虾生化组成和肝胰腺消化酶活力。结果显示,实验2组虾生长状况最好；3组粗脂肪含量最高,2组粗蛋白含量最高；肝胰腺亚油酸及ARA(20：4 n-6)含量随饲料中胆固醇添加量的增加而升高；EPA(20：5 n-3)及DHA(22：6 n-3)含量均在饲料中胆固醇添加量为0.5%时达到最高；肌肉脂肪酸组成各实验组无显著差异；胰蛋白酶活力以实验2组最高,脂肪酶活力实验2、3、4组之间无显著差异,但显著高于实验1组和对照组。本实验结果表明,性腺快速发育期的雄性红螯光壳螯虾饲料中添加0.50%的胆固醇能有效促进该虾的生长。
3饲料中添加不同含量的胆固醇对雄性红螯光壳螯虾精巢碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、ATP酶的影响
通过对初始体长为10cm左右的雄性红螯光壳螯虾投喂胆固醇添加量分别为对照组(0%),实验1组(0.25%),实验2组(0.50%),实验3组(0.75%),实验4组(1.00%)的人工配合饲料10周后,测定各组实验虾精巢碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和ATP酶(ATPase)活力。结果显示,精巢AKP活力和LDH活力随饲料中胆固醇添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,均以实验3组最高,各实验组AKP活力和LDH活力均显著高于对照组；精巢ATPase活力实验2组和实验3组之间无显著差异,均显著高于实验1、4组和对照组。本实验结果表明,对处于性腺快速发育阶段的雄性红螯光壳螯虾饲料中胆固醇的最适添加量在0.50%-0.75%之间,该添加量能有效促进该虾性腺的发育。
Effects of lipid nutrition on growth and reproductive in male redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were studied by the examination of bio-chemistry, histological and enzymatic methods. First we from the perspective of dietary lipid sources on growth of male Cherax quadricarinatus and found the best fat source suitable for growth. In particular fat source of dietary, we add different cholesterol levels in feed, study its effect on growth and reproductive in gonad rapid development phase. According to fill the research blankness of shrimp nutrition and metabolism of cholesterol in the diet of optimal addition, in order to resolve the shrimp cultivation practice in breeding prawn training problem and provides theoretical support for the research of full price plus feed.
1 Influence of different lipid sources on growth, fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activity in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.
The the fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle, and the activity of hepatopancreas digestive enzyme of Cherax quadricarinatus with the body length of 11±1.05 cm that fed with commercial feed and four kinds of diet with different lipid sources (fish oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, pork lard) respectively after 8 weeks breeding were analysed. The results indicated that the highest weight growth rate and feed rate were detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources, the lowest weight growth rate, feed rate and survival rate were detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with pork lard as the lipid sources. The main profiles of the fatty acid of Cherax quadricarinatus were 16:0,18:1 n-9 and 18:2 n-6, but the content of fatty acid were different. The highest composition of SFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with pork lard as the lipid sources (38.10%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources(27.78%). The highest composition of MUFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with peanut oil as the lipid sources (39.55%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with soybean oil as the lipid sources (29.78%). The highest composition of PUFA was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil as the lipid sources (42.43%) and the lowest was detected in the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with lard as the lipid sources (24.45%). The lipdase activity of Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil as the lipid sources was significant higher than that of peanut oil, fish oil and pork lard but significant lower than that of control grup. The Trypsin activity of Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with Soybean oil, peanut oil and fish oil has no significant different but significant higher than that of pork lard. The amylase and cellulase activity among the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with different lipid sources has no significant different. In conclusion, the Cherax quadricarinatus fed the diet with peanut oil as the lipid sources has better growth rate and survival rate than other lipid sources, that may be caused by the special fatty acid rate just like EPA/ARA/DHA and the composition of HUFA has met the nutrition needs of gonad accelerated phase of Cherax quadricarinatus.
2 Effects of different levels of cholesterol on growth, bio-chemistry composition and digestive enzyme in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
Through the initial body length 10.5cm in the male redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) fed cholesterol for 10 weeks with different artificial diets (the control and experimental group 1 to 4 groups of cholesterol were added,0,0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%,1.00%), shrimp in each group were measured in bio-chemistry composition and hepatopancreas digestive enzymes. The results showed that Group 2 shrimp had the best growth index, group 3 had the highest crude fat content, group 2 had the highest crude protein content. The hepatopancreas of linoleic acid and ARA (20:4 n-6) content with cholesterol addition rises; EPA (20:5 n-3) and DHA (22:6 n-3) content in the feed cholesterol level is 0.5% of the maximum; muscle fatty acid composition of various experimental group has no significant differences. Trypsin to experiment 2 group maximum, lipase activity there was no significant difference between group 2,3,4, but set higher experiment to group 1 and control. The results suggest that gonadal rapid developmental phase male Cherax quadricarinatus added to 0.50% of the cholesterol in feed can effectively promote the growth of the shrimp.
3 Effects of different levels of cholesterol on testis AKP, LDH and ATPase activity in male redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.
Through the initial body length 10.5cm in the male redclaw crayfish(Cherax quadricarinatus) fed cholesterol for 10 weeks with different artificial diets (the control and experimental group 1 to 4 groups of cholesterol were added,0,0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%,1.00%), shrimp in each group were measured in testis AKP, LDH, ATPase activity. The results showed that testis AKP activity and LDH activity all add bloat rendering first by a downward trend, with the highest experiment 3 group, the experimental group AKP activity LDH activity are significantly higher than control group; testis ATPase activity there has no significant differences between group 2 and 3, but significantly higher than both experiment 1 to 4 group and control group. The results suggest that gonadal rapid developmental phase male Cherax quadricarinatus added to 0.50-0.75% of the cholesterol level in feed, the amount to be effective in promoting the development of shrimp gonad.
引文
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