低温温度计标定系统研究
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摘要
低温冷凝泵是中性束注入器的一个重要组成部分,在装置的降温过程,运行保温和回温阶段都需要对低温泵液氦、液氮温度进行准确监控,温度的精确测量直接关系到中性束注入器的现场技术诊断,为此设计了一套适用低温温度计标定系统。
本标定系统一次能标定5个温度计,待标温度计安装在绝热的悬挂在真空容器中的恒温块上,恒温块温度是通过低温控温仪里比例积分器调整加热器的功率来控制的。标定温度计的温度范围是从3.8K到300K。
同时对低温温度计标定系统关键部件低温恒温器应用Origin 6.1模拟恒温块温度场分布;并且对标定系统各组成部分如低温恒温器,低温控温仪,恒流源进行了性能实验;分析了标定系统标定精度的影响因素,在20K以下其实验标定精度为45.441mK,这达到了设计要求,实验研究说明此标定系统运行可靠。该标定系统也同样适用于其他温度计标定。
Cryocondensation pump is an important component in neutral beam injector. During the course of downing temperature and keeping temperature and returning temperature, Temperature should be accurately monitored. Temperature measure accurately is related to the neutral beam injection technology diagnose. So we develop an applicative low thermometer calibration system.The five thermometers can be calibrated at a time in a calibration experiment. All thermometers are mounted on an isothermal copper block hunting in a vacuum vessel and thermally insulated. The temperature is stabilized by means of a proportional integral regulator in low-temperature controller which controls a resistance heater mounted in copper block. The thermometers are calibrated within the temperature range 3.8 K to 300 K.The cryostat is an important component in calibration system applicative low thermometer calibration system. And simulate the constant-temperature block temperature distribution in the cryostat by the software of Origin 6.1. The calibration system components of cryostat and constant-current-source and low-thermometer controller have been made an performance experiment and analysis actual factor of influence calibration system accuracy that is 45.441 mK under the temperature 20 K,which reaches our anticipated intention. And it is proved that the calibration system is reliable. And the calibration system also can calibrate other thermometers.
本标定系统一次能标定5个温度计,待标温度计安装在绝热的悬挂在真空容器中的恒温块上,恒温块温度是通过低温控温仪里比例积分器调整加热器的功率来控制的。标定温度计的温度范围是从3.8K到300K。
同时对低温温度计标定系统关键部件低温恒温器应用Origin 6.1模拟恒温块温度场分布;并且对标定系统各组成部分如低温恒温器,低温控温仪,恒流源进行了性能实验;分析了标定系统标定精度的影响因素,在20K以下其实验标定精度为45.441mK,这达到了设计要求,实验研究说明此标定系统运行可靠。该标定系统也同样适用于其他温度计标定。
Cryocondensation pump is an important component in neutral beam injector. During the course of downing temperature and keeping temperature and returning temperature, Temperature should be accurately monitored. Temperature measure accurately is related to the neutral beam injection technology diagnose. So we develop an applicative low thermometer calibration system.The five thermometers can be calibrated at a time in a calibration experiment. All thermometers are mounted on an isothermal copper block hunting in a vacuum vessel and thermally insulated. The temperature is stabilized by means of a proportional integral regulator in low-temperature controller which controls a resistance heater mounted in copper block. The thermometers are calibrated within the temperature range 3.8 K to 300 K.The cryostat is an important component in calibration system applicative low thermometer calibration system. And simulate the constant-temperature block temperature distribution in the cryostat by the software of Origin 6.1. The calibration system components of cryostat and constant-current-source and low-thermometer controller have been made an performance experiment and analysis actual factor of influence calibration system accuracy that is 45.441 mK under the temperature 20 K,which reaches our anticipated intention. And it is proved that the calibration system is reliable. And the calibration system also can calibrate other thermometers.
引文
[1] 张开达.低温技术.北京:计量出版社,1985:1-2
[2] C. Dawn. Vanghn.The industrial thermometer calibration laboratory
[3] NIST calibration services: Thermodynamic Quantities Resistance Thermometers (33010C-33310C)
[4] Balle, et al. cryogenic thermometer calibration facility at CERN, cryogenic engineering, vol. 43, 1997
[5] Pavese F, et al, Routine calibration of cryogenic thermometers in the range 1.5-300K with an accuracy up to the millikelvin level, cryogenic engineering, vol. 41, 1995: 1683-1690
[6] T. T. C. Jones et al, Tritum operation of the JET Neutral beam systems, Fusion Eng... Design, vol. 47, 1999, 205-232
[7] 谢远来,中性束注入系统液氦低温冷凝泵的设计.合肥工业大学硕士论文,2004:2-3, 29
[8] 朱士尧,核聚变原理,合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992,192-210
[9] Jinchoon Kim, Vacuum pumping of multigawatt neutral beam injection lines, J. Vac. technol. A2(2), Apr/June, 1984, P1180-1186
[10] 高香院.现代低温泵,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:110-114
[11] 刘作桐,真空技术与设备,南京:东南大学出版社,1991:79
[12] 张华顺,离子源和大功率中性束源,北京:原子能出版社,1999:497
[13] T. J. Lee, J. Vac. sci. Tech. 9(1), 1972: 257
[14] 张开达.低温技术.北京:计量出版社,1985:126-127,32,115-118,107
[15] 徐列,朱卫东.低温绝热与贮运技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:2-15
[16] 杨世铭,传热学(第二版),北京:高等教育出版社,1987,6-8
[17] T. Von Hoffmann et al. cryogenics, vol. 13, 1973: 490
[18] Yu. P. Dmitrevskiy et al. cryogenics, vol. 16, 1976: 25
[19] D.皮茨 L.西索姆.全美经典学习指导系列传热学.北京:科学出版社,2002:268-270
[20] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(下).北京:科学出版社,1985:383-388
[21] 达道安.真空设计手册(第三版).北京:国防工业出版社.2004:780～785,106
[22] 陆果等.高温超导材料特性测试装置,物理实验,21(5),2001:9
[23] Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control, 1995.
[24] D.皮茨 L.西索姆.全美经典学习指导系列传热学.北京:科学出版社,2002:11-12,15-16
[25] 闵桂荣,郭舜.航天器热控制(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1998:47,387
[26] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(上).北京:科学出版社,1985:104,161,168,195
[27] 周作元,李荣先.温度与流体参数测量基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:185-186
[28] 游伯坤.工业自动化仪表(2)温度测量仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,1982:232
[29] 陈灼民.低温温度计标定装置的研制,低温与超导,2001.29(3):18～22
[30] 周作元,李荣先.温度与流体参数测量基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:200-201,84-85
[31] 王岚等.铑铁电阻温度计的研制,西南物理所,1980.
[32] 蔡明忠.低温测量与量热技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1984:53-54
[33] B. R. Coles, Phys. Lett., vol. 8, 1964: 243
[34] R. L. Rusby, Temperature Measurement 1975: 125
[35] 李耀南.低温物理,vol.1,1979:240
[36] 陈长琪.低温温度计标定系统研究,真空,2004(4):63-66
[37] 何适生,谢积宝.热工测量,电力工业出版社,1980:69
[38] 吕崇德.热工参数测量与处理(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001:94-95
[39] J. G. Weisend Ⅱ Deursehes Elektronen-Synchrotron, handbook of cryogenic engineering. United States of America, 1998: 203-234
[40] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(上).北京:科学出版社,1985:55
[41] KEITHLEY 2001多用表说明书,2001
[42] 冯吴.Visual basic 5.0/6.0程序设计与上机指导,北京:清华大学出版社,1999:1-4
[43] 罗朝盛.Visual basic 6.0程序设计实用教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2004:4
[2] C. Dawn. Vanghn.The industrial thermometer calibration laboratory
[3] NIST calibration services: Thermodynamic Quantities Resistance Thermometers (33010C-33310C)
[4] Balle, et al. cryogenic thermometer calibration facility at CERN, cryogenic engineering, vol. 43, 1997
[5] Pavese F, et al, Routine calibration of cryogenic thermometers in the range 1.5-300K with an accuracy up to the millikelvin level, cryogenic engineering, vol. 41, 1995: 1683-1690
[6] T. T. C. Jones et al, Tritum operation of the JET Neutral beam systems, Fusion Eng... Design, vol. 47, 1999, 205-232
[7] 谢远来,中性束注入系统液氦低温冷凝泵的设计.合肥工业大学硕士论文,2004:2-3, 29
[8] 朱士尧,核聚变原理,合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992,192-210
[9] Jinchoon Kim, Vacuum pumping of multigawatt neutral beam injection lines, J. Vac. technol. A2(2), Apr/June, 1984, P1180-1186
[10] 高香院.现代低温泵,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:110-114
[11] 刘作桐,真空技术与设备,南京:东南大学出版社,1991:79
[12] 张华顺,离子源和大功率中性束源,北京:原子能出版社,1999:497
[13] T. J. Lee, J. Vac. sci. Tech. 9(1), 1972: 257
[14] 张开达.低温技术.北京:计量出版社,1985:126-127,32,115-118,107
[15] 徐列,朱卫东.低温绝热与贮运技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:2-15
[16] 杨世铭,传热学(第二版),北京:高等教育出版社,1987,6-8
[17] T. Von Hoffmann et al. cryogenics, vol. 13, 1973: 490
[18] Yu. P. Dmitrevskiy et al. cryogenics, vol. 16, 1976: 25
[19] D.皮茨 L.西索姆.全美经典学习指导系列传热学.北京:科学出版社,2002:268-270
[20] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(下).北京:科学出版社,1985:383-388
[21] 达道安.真空设计手册(第三版).北京:国防工业出版社.2004:780～785,106
[22] 陆果等.高温超导材料特性测试装置,物理实验,21(5),2001:9
[23] Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control, 1995.
[24] D.皮茨 L.西索姆.全美经典学习指导系列传热学.北京:科学出版社,2002:11-12,15-16
[25] 闵桂荣,郭舜.航天器热控制(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1998:47,387
[26] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(上).北京:科学出版社,1985:104,161,168,195
[27] 周作元,李荣先.温度与流体参数测量基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:185-186
[28] 游伯坤.工业自动化仪表(2)温度测量仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,1982:232
[29] 陈灼民.低温温度计标定装置的研制,低温与超导,2001.29(3):18～22
[30] 周作元,李荣先.温度与流体参数测量基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:200-201,84-85
[31] 王岚等.铑铁电阻温度计的研制,西南物理所,1980.
[32] 蔡明忠.低温测量与量热技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1984:53-54
[33] B. R. Coles, Phys. Lett., vol. 8, 1964: 243
[34] R. L. Rusby, Temperature Measurement 1975: 125
[35] 李耀南.低温物理,vol.1,1979:240
[36] 陈长琪.低温温度计标定系统研究,真空,2004(4):63-66
[37] 何适生,谢积宝.热工测量,电力工业出版社,1980:69
[38] 吕崇德.热工参数测量与处理(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001:94-95
[39] J. G. Weisend Ⅱ Deursehes Elektronen-Synchrotron, handbook of cryogenic engineering. United States of America, 1998: 203-234
[40] 阎守胜,陆果.低温物理实验的原理与方法(上).北京:科学出版社,1985:55
[41] KEITHLEY 2001多用表说明书,2001
[42] 冯吴.Visual basic 5.0/6.0程序设计与上机指导,北京:清华大学出版社,1999:1-4
[43] 罗朝盛.Visual basic 6.0程序设计实用教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2004:4