机载SAR系统通信控制卡设计与实现
摘要
采用合成孔径雷达(SAR)可获得远距离高分辨率的雷达图像,并具有全天时、全天候的特性,可以大大提高雷达的信息获取能力,已经在地球遥感、海洋研究、资源勘测及军事侦察等方面得到广泛应用[1][2]。为满足机载合成孔径雷达实时成像中图像实时下传,系统运动补偿和实时控制的要求,本文重点研究了机载SAR实时成像系统中通信控制卡的设计与实现,为图像数据传输和系统控制构建了高性能的、高可靠性的信息处理平台。
机载SAR图像具有数据量大,数据率高的特点,成像结果直接传输给遥测系统会给数据下传造成很大的压力,通信控制卡需将图像数据进行压缩后再传输以大大减小下传的数据量,这对通信控制卡的实时信号处理能力提出了很高的要求。此外,机载SAR系统在实时成像过程中需要进行运动补偿,各种运动参数测量设备以及雷达系统的设备都采用串口进行数据传输,给通信控制卡带来了很大的通信压力,需要解决这一通信瓶颈问题。
本文主要针对以上两个问题研究了通信控制卡的设计实现。首先,为提高通信控制卡的实时处理能力,采用了ADI公司的高性能DSP芯片ADSP TS201S来实现高速信号处理,并以两片DSP组成分布式并行系统的方式进一步提高板卡的性能;其次,为解决多低速串口与板卡高速处理器的数据通信瓶颈问题,选择专用串口芯片SC16C554,基于FIFO工作模式有效地实现了高速DSP与多路低速串口的高效率数据通信;此外,基于CPCI总线设计了多DSP的通信控制卡,开发了板卡的驱动程序,研究了板卡热插拔功能的设计实现,提出了一种CPCI板卡电源管理的方法;最后实现了机载SAR系统通信控制卡,并对电路的各部分功能进行了调试和测试,验证了该设计的有效性。
SAR is a kind of imaging radar, which can acquire high resolution in both range and azimuth direction. It can greatly enhance the ability of information acquirement for its all time and all weather character, so it is widely used in the fields of global remote sensing, ocean research and resource exploration. To meet the needs of image data’s real-time transfer, and real-time control, a communication and control card is introduced in this dissertation, which build a high performance and high reliability platform for image data transform and system control.
Airborne SAR image data, with the character of large capacity and high data rate, when it is transmitted directly to the telemetry system, will bring great pressure to the transmission channel. After the communication and control card compresses the image data, the data capacity will reduce in large scale, but it requires high performance processor in the system to process image data. Besides, on the process of imaging, motion compensation is needed. But all sorts of parameter measurement devices and radar system devices transmit data by serial port, which will bring big pressure to the communication system.
This dissertation is mainly related to the design and implementation of the communication and control card. Firstly, ADI company’s high performance DSP ADSP TS201S is used in the design to improve the system’s processing performence. Two DSPs which form a parallel system are used to make the system faster. Secondly, to solve the problem of the communication bottleneck between low-speed UART and high speed processors, SC16C554 is used in the design and its FIFO operation mode support a good way to solve this problem. Besides, the card’s driver and hot swap function is developed in this essay, a power management way is bring forward in the end of the essay. After testing and debugging the whole system, the results demonstrate that the card is efficient and reliable.
机载SAR图像具有数据量大,数据率高的特点,成像结果直接传输给遥测系统会给数据下传造成很大的压力,通信控制卡需将图像数据进行压缩后再传输以大大减小下传的数据量,这对通信控制卡的实时信号处理能力提出了很高的要求。此外,机载SAR系统在实时成像过程中需要进行运动补偿,各种运动参数测量设备以及雷达系统的设备都采用串口进行数据传输,给通信控制卡带来了很大的通信压力,需要解决这一通信瓶颈问题。
本文主要针对以上两个问题研究了通信控制卡的设计实现。首先,为提高通信控制卡的实时处理能力,采用了ADI公司的高性能DSP芯片ADSP TS201S来实现高速信号处理,并以两片DSP组成分布式并行系统的方式进一步提高板卡的性能;其次,为解决多低速串口与板卡高速处理器的数据通信瓶颈问题,选择专用串口芯片SC16C554,基于FIFO工作模式有效地实现了高速DSP与多路低速串口的高效率数据通信;此外,基于CPCI总线设计了多DSP的通信控制卡,开发了板卡的驱动程序,研究了板卡热插拔功能的设计实现,提出了一种CPCI板卡电源管理的方法;最后实现了机载SAR系统通信控制卡,并对电路的各部分功能进行了调试和测试,验证了该设计的有效性。
SAR is a kind of imaging radar, which can acquire high resolution in both range and azimuth direction. It can greatly enhance the ability of information acquirement for its all time and all weather character, so it is widely used in the fields of global remote sensing, ocean research and resource exploration. To meet the needs of image data’s real-time transfer, and real-time control, a communication and control card is introduced in this dissertation, which build a high performance and high reliability platform for image data transform and system control.
Airborne SAR image data, with the character of large capacity and high data rate, when it is transmitted directly to the telemetry system, will bring great pressure to the transmission channel. After the communication and control card compresses the image data, the data capacity will reduce in large scale, but it requires high performance processor in the system to process image data. Besides, on the process of imaging, motion compensation is needed. But all sorts of parameter measurement devices and radar system devices transmit data by serial port, which will bring big pressure to the communication system.
This dissertation is mainly related to the design and implementation of the communication and control card. Firstly, ADI company’s high performance DSP ADSP TS201S is used in the design to improve the system’s processing performence. Two DSPs which form a parallel system are used to make the system faster. Secondly, to solve the problem of the communication bottleneck between low-speed UART and high speed processors, SC16C554 is used in the design and its FIFO operation mode support a good way to solve this problem. Besides, the card’s driver and hot swap function is developed in this essay, a power management way is bring forward in the end of the essay. After testing and debugging the whole system, the results demonstrate that the card is efficient and reliable.
引文
[1] Curlander J C, McDonough R. N.“Synthetic Aperture Radar:System and signal Processing”.United States:John Wiley& Sons, Inc,1991.
[2]张澄波.综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析及应用.北京:科学出版社,1989.
[3]张中祥.《机载SAR实时成像处理系统设计及硬件实现》.硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2002.
[4]吕继宇.《机载合成孔径雷达运动补偿研究》.博士学位论文,中国科学院电子研究所,2006.
[5]苏涛,吴顺君等.高性能DSP与高速实时信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[6] LVDS Application and Data Handbook.TEXAS Instruments, 2002.
[7]李肇庆,韩涛.串行端口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[8]沈小燕.《基于小波变换的图象压缩技术研究与实现》.硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2003.
[9]韩明臣,李小平.SPIHT嵌入式编码算法在图像压缩中的应用.电子科技,2007(7):58~61
[10]毛二可,龙腾,刘峰.高速实时数字信号处理硬件技术发展概述.《测控技术》2004年第23卷增刊:3~9
[11]刘书明、罗勇江.ADSP TS20XS系列DSP原理与应用设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[12] TigerSHARC? Embedded Processor ADSP TS201S Datasheet . ANALOG DEVICES,2004.
[13] 4 Mbit (×8) Multi-Purpose Flash SST39VF040.Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2001.
[14] Synchronous DRAM MT48LC32M16A2–8 Meg×16×4 banks Datasheet.Micron Technology,Inc,2000.
[15] SC16C554B/554DB 5V,3.3 V and 2.5 V quad UART, 5Mbit/s (max.) with 16-byte FIFOs.Philips Electronics N.V. 2005.
[16] PCI 9656BA Data Book.PLX Technology,2003.
[17]包志强,吴顺君,李明.基于CPCI总线的多DSP系统接口设计.《电子技术》,2004(2):55~58
[18]黄丽.《基于PCI总线的雷达通信控制卡设计》.硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2005.
[19]陈赓.《基于Compact PCI的实时系统交换平台设计》.硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2004.
[20]包志强.《基于标准总线的多DSP信号处理模板设计》.硕士学位论文,西安电子科技大学,2004.
[21] Edward Solari, George Willse .“PCI & PCI-X Hardware and Software Architecture and Design, Fifth Edition”.Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2003.
[22] Xilinx Company.Virtex-II Platform FPGAs:Complete Datasheet,2005.
[23] PCI 9656RDK-LITE Hardware Reference Manual.PLX Technology,2006.
[24] ADSP-TS201S EZ-KIT Lite? Evaluation System Manual.ANALOG DEVICES,2007.
[25] ADSP-TS20x TigerSHARC? Processor Boot Loader Kernels Operation.ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[26] ADSP-TS20xS TigerSHARC? System Design Guidelines.ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[27] Estimating Power for ADSP-TS201S TigerSHARC? Processors . ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[28] ADSP-TS201 TigerSHARC? Processor Hardware Reference . ANALOG DEVICES,2004.
[29] LTC1643L/LTC1643L-1/LTC1643H PCI-Bus Hot Swap Controller . Linear Technology, 1998.
[30] Austin MicroLynxTM SMT Non-isolated Power Modules.tyco Electronics, 2002.
[31] PICMC 2.0 R3.0 Compact PCI? Specification, 1999.
[32] Sweldens W. Building Your Own Wavelets at Home [C]. Morgan Kaufmann: Wavelets in Computer Graphics,ACM SIGGRAPH Course Notes,1996:15~87.
[33]耿艳峰.基于提升格式的双正交小波构造.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(3):144~147
[34]林灶生,刘绍汉.Verilog FPGA芯片设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[35]鹿宝生,陈启美,丁胜军.基于DSP的PCI总线高速DMA数据传输.计算机工程与设计,2006(19):3555~3560
[36]朱芳,田建生,姜莎.基于PCI总线的FPGA+双DSP结构信号处理系统,计算机测量与控制.2006.14(11):1542~1544
[37]竺红伟,邢孟道,夏际金.实时信号处理系统CPCI接口设计.雷达科学与技术,2006(4):228~232
[2]张澄波.综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析及应用.北京:科学出版社,1989.
[3]张中祥.《机载SAR实时成像处理系统设计及硬件实现》.硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2002.
[4]吕继宇.《机载合成孔径雷达运动补偿研究》.博士学位论文,中国科学院电子研究所,2006.
[5]苏涛,吴顺君等.高性能DSP与高速实时信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[6] LVDS Application and Data Handbook.TEXAS Instruments, 2002.
[7]李肇庆,韩涛.串行端口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[8]沈小燕.《基于小波变换的图象压缩技术研究与实现》.硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2003.
[9]韩明臣,李小平.SPIHT嵌入式编码算法在图像压缩中的应用.电子科技,2007(7):58~61
[10]毛二可,龙腾,刘峰.高速实时数字信号处理硬件技术发展概述.《测控技术》2004年第23卷增刊:3~9
[11]刘书明、罗勇江.ADSP TS20XS系列DSP原理与应用设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[12] TigerSHARC? Embedded Processor ADSP TS201S Datasheet . ANALOG DEVICES,2004.
[13] 4 Mbit (×8) Multi-Purpose Flash SST39VF040.Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2001.
[14] Synchronous DRAM MT48LC32M16A2–8 Meg×16×4 banks Datasheet.Micron Technology,Inc,2000.
[15] SC16C554B/554DB 5V,3.3 V and 2.5 V quad UART, 5Mbit/s (max.) with 16-byte FIFOs.Philips Electronics N.V. 2005.
[16] PCI 9656BA Data Book.PLX Technology,2003.
[17]包志强,吴顺君,李明.基于CPCI总线的多DSP系统接口设计.《电子技术》,2004(2):55~58
[18]黄丽.《基于PCI总线的雷达通信控制卡设计》.硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2005.
[19]陈赓.《基于Compact PCI的实时系统交换平台设计》.硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2004.
[20]包志强.《基于标准总线的多DSP信号处理模板设计》.硕士学位论文,西安电子科技大学,2004.
[21] Edward Solari, George Willse .“PCI & PCI-X Hardware and Software Architecture and Design, Fifth Edition”.Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2003.
[22] Xilinx Company.Virtex-II Platform FPGAs:Complete Datasheet,2005.
[23] PCI 9656RDK-LITE Hardware Reference Manual.PLX Technology,2006.
[24] ADSP-TS201S EZ-KIT Lite? Evaluation System Manual.ANALOG DEVICES,2007.
[25] ADSP-TS20x TigerSHARC? Processor Boot Loader Kernels Operation.ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[26] ADSP-TS20xS TigerSHARC? System Design Guidelines.ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[27] Estimating Power for ADSP-TS201S TigerSHARC? Processors . ANALOG DEVICES,2005.
[28] ADSP-TS201 TigerSHARC? Processor Hardware Reference . ANALOG DEVICES,2004.
[29] LTC1643L/LTC1643L-1/LTC1643H PCI-Bus Hot Swap Controller . Linear Technology, 1998.
[30] Austin MicroLynxTM SMT Non-isolated Power Modules.tyco Electronics, 2002.
[31] PICMC 2.0 R3.0 Compact PCI? Specification, 1999.
[32] Sweldens W. Building Your Own Wavelets at Home [C]. Morgan Kaufmann: Wavelets in Computer Graphics,ACM SIGGRAPH Course Notes,1996:15~87.
[33]耿艳峰.基于提升格式的双正交小波构造.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(3):144~147
[34]林灶生,刘绍汉.Verilog FPGA芯片设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[35]鹿宝生,陈启美,丁胜军.基于DSP的PCI总线高速DMA数据传输.计算机工程与设计,2006(19):3555~3560
[36]朱芳,田建生,姜莎.基于PCI总线的FPGA+双DSP结构信号处理系统,计算机测量与控制.2006.14(11):1542~1544
[37]竺红伟,邢孟道,夏际金.实时信号处理系统CPCI接口设计.雷达科学与技术,2006(4):228~232