铀（Ⅵ）、钍（Ⅳ）和铕（Ⅲ）在磷酸盐上的吸附研究
摘要
磷酸盐是土壤及岩石中的重要组成部分,对重金属及放射性核素有良好的吸附性能,有望在放射性废物的处置中得到应用。本文中选择三种难溶磷酸盐：焦磷酸锆(ZrP2O7)、磷酸氧锆(Zr2O(PO4)2)和磷酸焦磷酸钍(Th4(PO4)4P2O7)作为吸附剂,研究其对U(Ⅵ)、Th(Ⅳ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附性能并探讨吸附机理。
首先采用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对磷酸盐进行详细的表征,采用质量滴定法测定了三种磷酸盐的零电荷点,然后采用静态法研究了三种磷酸盐对U(Ⅵ). Th(Ⅳ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,考察了接触时间、pH值、吸附剂浓度、离子强度和不同电解质离子等因素对磷酸盐吸附U(Ⅵ)、Th(Ⅳ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的影响。
在第四章中比较了ZrP2O7和Zr2O(PO4)2对U(VI)的吸附性能及简单有机物对吸附的影响,结果表明pH强烈影响U(VI)在磷酸盐上吸附,随着pH升高,吸附百分数增大；ZrP2O7,Zr2O(PO4)2两种磷酸盐具有各自不同的吸附突跃范围,ZrP2O7具有较低的pH吸附突跃范围,这可能与两者有不同的磷锆比有关,磷酸根基团的增多,氧原子数增多,吸附作用力增强；简单有机酸、FA和离子强度对吸附影响不大。
U(Ⅵ)在ZrP2O7和Th(Ⅳ)在Zr2O(PO4)2上的吸附行为在第五、第六章进行了研究,结果发现吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程；pH强烈影响吸附量,吸附不受离子强度影响,可以推测吸附以表面配位形式结合；吸附过程是吸热、自发过程,温度升高对吸附有利；硫酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根对吸附有不同程度的影响,磷酸根能增加吸附,硫酸根则降低吸附,柠檬酸根能大大降低U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在吸附剂上的吸附；FA的存在能增加U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)的吸附。
在第七章中比较了U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在复杂磷酸盐Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附差异,U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在复杂磷酸盐Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附同样受pH值影响,两者的吸附突跃范围不同,Th(Ⅳ)的吸附量远远高于U(VI)的吸附量；FA能增加U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附；电解质种类不同对U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附影响不同,这可能与U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)的水溶液性质不同有关。
Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附及解吸行为在第八章中进行了讨论。Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附受pH影响,柠檬酸根存在使得吸附突跃范围向高pH方向移动；硫酸根和磷酸根存在下都能增加]Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附,且硫酸根和磷酸根在吸附剂表面均有吸附；硫酸根和磷酸根介质中加入柠檬酸根对Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附有截然相反的影响,硫酸根介质中增加Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附量,而磷酸根介质中则降低Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附量；FA存在会增加Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附,FA在吸附剂上的吸附量随着水相FA浓度的增大而增大。
Insoluble phosphates are components of soil and rocks with good sorption capacity and expected to play an important role in the deep geological disposal of high level nuclear waste. In this dissertation, three insoluble phosphate, zirconium diphosphate (ZrP2O7), zirconium oxophosphate (Zr2O(PO4)2) and thorium phosphate diphosphate (Th4(PO4)4P2O7), were chosen as sorbent to study the sorption of U(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III).
The phosphates were characterized by using SEM, XRD and FT-IR in detail and the point of zero charges were estimated by mass titration. The sorption of U(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III), from aqueous solution on the phosphates was investigated by using a batch technique as a function of contact time, pH, solid content, ionic strength and foreign ions.
The sorption behavior of UO22+ on the two kinds of zirconium phosphate, 2 and ZrP2O7, and the effects of simple organic compounds were studied in the fourth chapter. The results indicated that the sorption of uranyl ions on the phosphates was strongly dependent on pH and weakly dependent on ionic strength at moderate concentration (10-1～10-3 mol/L). There were different sorption edges of the two phosphates and the sorption edge of ZrP2O7 was at lower pH than that of Zr2O(PO4)2, which was determined possibly by the mole ratio(r= P/Zr). However there were no significant influences on the sorption of UO22+ on ZrP2O7 and Zr2O(PO4)2 in the presence of fulvic acid and the simple organic compounds.
The sorption processes of U(VI) onto ZrP2O7 and Th(IV) onto Zr2O(PO4)2 were investigated in the fifth and sixth chapter, respectively. The results showed that sorption processes were influenced by time and can be described accurately by the pseudo-second order rate model. The sorption processes were strongly affected by pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V), the species of electrolyte in solution and fulvic acid (FA) but was insensitive to ionic strength. The sorption amounts increased as the temperature of the system increased and sorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic. The presence of phosphate or sulfate caused opposite effects on the sorption processes. The sorption amounts decreased significantly in the presence of citrate while enhanced in the presence of FA.
The sorption behaviors of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were studied in the seventh chapter,. The results indicated that the sorption processes were strongly affected by pH and sorption edges of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were different. The sorption edge of Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was at lower pH than that of U(VI) and the sorption amount of Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was great. The sorption amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were enhanced in the presence of FA. There were opposite effects of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 in the same electrolyte solution and can be thought as different characteristic of U(VI) and Th(IV) in solution.
The sorption of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was investigated in the eighth chapter. The sorption of Eu(III) on the phosphates was strongly dependent on pH and there was great effect in the presence of citrate. The sorption amounts of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be enhanced in the presence of sulfate and phosphate and the sorption of sulfate and phosphate on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be found. There were opposite effects of the Eu(III) desorption from Th4(PO4)4P2O7 in the presence of sulfate and phosphate when the citrate was added into the solution system. The sorption of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be enhanced in the presence of FA and the sorption of FA on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 also increased with the concentration of FA in the solution increasing.
首先采用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对磷酸盐进行详细的表征,采用质量滴定法测定了三种磷酸盐的零电荷点,然后采用静态法研究了三种磷酸盐对U(Ⅵ). Th(Ⅳ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,考察了接触时间、pH值、吸附剂浓度、离子强度和不同电解质离子等因素对磷酸盐吸附U(Ⅵ)、Th(Ⅳ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的影响。
在第四章中比较了ZrP2O7和Zr2O(PO4)2对U(VI)的吸附性能及简单有机物对吸附的影响,结果表明pH强烈影响U(VI)在磷酸盐上吸附,随着pH升高,吸附百分数增大；ZrP2O7,Zr2O(PO4)2两种磷酸盐具有各自不同的吸附突跃范围,ZrP2O7具有较低的pH吸附突跃范围,这可能与两者有不同的磷锆比有关,磷酸根基团的增多,氧原子数增多,吸附作用力增强；简单有机酸、FA和离子强度对吸附影响不大。
U(Ⅵ)在ZrP2O7和Th(Ⅳ)在Zr2O(PO4)2上的吸附行为在第五、第六章进行了研究,结果发现吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程；pH强烈影响吸附量,吸附不受离子强度影响,可以推测吸附以表面配位形式结合；吸附过程是吸热、自发过程,温度升高对吸附有利；硫酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根对吸附有不同程度的影响,磷酸根能增加吸附,硫酸根则降低吸附,柠檬酸根能大大降低U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在吸附剂上的吸附；FA的存在能增加U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)的吸附。
在第七章中比较了U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在复杂磷酸盐Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附差异,U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在复杂磷酸盐Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附同样受pH值影响,两者的吸附突跃范围不同,Th(Ⅳ)的吸附量远远高于U(VI)的吸附量；FA能增加U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附；电解质种类不同对U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附影响不同,这可能与U(VI)和Th(Ⅳ)的水溶液性质不同有关。
Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附及解吸行为在第八章中进行了讨论。Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附受pH影响,柠檬酸根存在使得吸附突跃范围向高pH方向移动；硫酸根和磷酸根存在下都能增加]Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附,且硫酸根和磷酸根在吸附剂表面均有吸附；硫酸根和磷酸根介质中加入柠檬酸根对Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附有截然相反的影响,硫酸根介质中增加Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附量,而磷酸根介质中则降低Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附量；FA存在会增加Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上吸附,FA在吸附剂上的吸附量随着水相FA浓度的增大而增大。
Insoluble phosphates are components of soil and rocks with good sorption capacity and expected to play an important role in the deep geological disposal of high level nuclear waste. In this dissertation, three insoluble phosphate, zirconium diphosphate (ZrP2O7), zirconium oxophosphate (Zr2O(PO4)2) and thorium phosphate diphosphate (Th4(PO4)4P2O7), were chosen as sorbent to study the sorption of U(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III).
The phosphates were characterized by using SEM, XRD and FT-IR in detail and the point of zero charges were estimated by mass titration. The sorption of U(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III), from aqueous solution on the phosphates was investigated by using a batch technique as a function of contact time, pH, solid content, ionic strength and foreign ions.
The sorption behavior of UO22+ on the two kinds of zirconium phosphate, 2 and ZrP2O7, and the effects of simple organic compounds were studied in the fourth chapter. The results indicated that the sorption of uranyl ions on the phosphates was strongly dependent on pH and weakly dependent on ionic strength at moderate concentration (10-1～10-3 mol/L). There were different sorption edges of the two phosphates and the sorption edge of ZrP2O7 was at lower pH than that of Zr2O(PO4)2, which was determined possibly by the mole ratio(r= P/Zr). However there were no significant influences on the sorption of UO22+ on ZrP2O7 and Zr2O(PO4)2 in the presence of fulvic acid and the simple organic compounds.
The sorption processes of U(VI) onto ZrP2O7 and Th(IV) onto Zr2O(PO4)2 were investigated in the fifth and sixth chapter, respectively. The results showed that sorption processes were influenced by time and can be described accurately by the pseudo-second order rate model. The sorption processes were strongly affected by pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V), the species of electrolyte in solution and fulvic acid (FA) but was insensitive to ionic strength. The sorption amounts increased as the temperature of the system increased and sorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic. The presence of phosphate or sulfate caused opposite effects on the sorption processes. The sorption amounts decreased significantly in the presence of citrate while enhanced in the presence of FA.
The sorption behaviors of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were studied in the seventh chapter,. The results indicated that the sorption processes were strongly affected by pH and sorption edges of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were different. The sorption edge of Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was at lower pH than that of U(VI) and the sorption amount of Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was great. The sorption amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 were enhanced in the presence of FA. There were opposite effects of U(VI) and Th(IV) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 in the same electrolyte solution and can be thought as different characteristic of U(VI) and Th(IV) in solution.
The sorption of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 was investigated in the eighth chapter. The sorption of Eu(III) on the phosphates was strongly dependent on pH and there was great effect in the presence of citrate. The sorption amounts of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be enhanced in the presence of sulfate and phosphate and the sorption of sulfate and phosphate on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be found. There were opposite effects of the Eu(III) desorption from Th4(PO4)4P2O7 in the presence of sulfate and phosphate when the citrate was added into the solution system. The sorption of Eu(III) on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 can be enhanced in the presence of FA and the sorption of FA on Th4(PO4)4P2O7 also increased with the concentration of FA in the solution increasing.
引文
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