基于电子标签的配送中心分拣系统的研究与设计
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摘要
基于电子标签的配送中心分拣系统以中央计算机为控制上位机,以多组安装在货物储位上的电子标签为下位机。该系统通过中央计算机控制电子标签的指示灯信号、蜂鸣器声音、数码显示等信号,使作业人员正确、快速、轻松地完成补货和出货任务。它具有弹性控制作业时间、即时现场控制、紧急定单处理等功能,从而达到有效降低拣货错误率、加快拣货速度、提高工作效率、合理安排拣货人员行走路线等目的。
统计数据表明,配送中心的拣货作业是最繁重、最易出错的工作。电子标签辅助分拣系统是计算机辅助拣货最常用的方式之一。在配送中心出入库作业时,系统通过电子标签显示订单号、订货数量等信息,向拣选作业人员及时、明确地下达补货和出货指示,因此具有加快拣货速度,降低拣货错误率,免除表单作业等优点。
首先,本文对配送中心分拣系统的理论基础做了详细的整理与论述,提出并分析了影响分拣系统高效运作的主要因素及分拣系统的效率评估方法。在这一部分,重点研究了各种不同的分拣策略及其实现条件,以及拣选信息的不同处理方法,作为后文引入电子标签辅助分拣系统的铺垫。
然后,本文对电子标签辅助分拣系统中的下位机主元件的硬件结构作出科学的解析,包括电子标签中通信部分、人机交互部分、存储部分、声光部分、电源部分的单片机结构的介绍与研究。
第三,本文重点研究了电子标签辅助分拣系统的组成结构及工作流程,以及适用于本系统的通信总线方案及通信协议,设计出一套可行的通信格式,经实验证明能使主控PC机与电子标签正常通信。本文在此基础上,设计出一套完整的上位机控制程序,实现了订单数据的分批、分割处理,以及拣货作业中上、下位机之间的信息发送与反馈。
最后,本文提出了对拣选作业系统科学评估的各种指标及模型,对电子标签辅助分拣系统所采用的不同订单分批策略进行比较、评价,并研究了对配送中心出货资料进行统计分析的TEIQ方法及其实施应用过程。
The picking system in distribution center which based on electronic label takes central computer as controller and electrial labels as slave equipment which attach on storage.In the system,the central computer help workers dealing with tasks of replenishment and picking correctly and quickly by showing signals such as digital light and voice of buzzer.The system can perform controlling operation flexibly, realizing real-time feedback,handling emergency order so as to achieve the purpose of avoiding mistake,accelerating operation,improving efficency and arranging path of walking rationally.
The statistic data indicate that picking is the most onerous and fallible process in distribution center. Electron-label-aided picking system is the most usual methods in computer-aided picking.It send indications of replenishment or picking to workers promptly and definitely by making electronic labels show the information such as order number and quantity.So it has the advantages of paperless, few mistake and high efficiency.
First of all,this article states the theory of picking system and put forward factors which effect picking efficiency and propose evaluation methods. Emphasis is placed on the strategic planning and realizing and the processing method of orders.All these are used to lead us to the following research of electron-label-aided system.
Secondly,the article analyzes the hardware's structure of the slave equipment in the system,such as the singlechips which are used to communication, or the parts of human-computer interaction,memory, acousto-optic and electric power source.
Thirdly,it carries out a study on the composition and work flow of the electron-label-aided system, communication bus and protocol that fit this system is also states.A suit of communication format is designed and the experiment result showed that it can be used very well on the process of information exchanging.
Finally,it does much research on the index and models which are used for evaluating picking efficiency.It compared different ways of batch operation toward orders.TEIQ,a kind of statistical analysis method which according to the picking system,is used to deal with the history picking data while this analysis can provide quantification reference for planning the system to make it run more effective.
统计数据表明,配送中心的拣货作业是最繁重、最易出错的工作。电子标签辅助分拣系统是计算机辅助拣货最常用的方式之一。在配送中心出入库作业时,系统通过电子标签显示订单号、订货数量等信息,向拣选作业人员及时、明确地下达补货和出货指示,因此具有加快拣货速度,降低拣货错误率,免除表单作业等优点。
首先,本文对配送中心分拣系统的理论基础做了详细的整理与论述,提出并分析了影响分拣系统高效运作的主要因素及分拣系统的效率评估方法。在这一部分,重点研究了各种不同的分拣策略及其实现条件,以及拣选信息的不同处理方法,作为后文引入电子标签辅助分拣系统的铺垫。
然后,本文对电子标签辅助分拣系统中的下位机主元件的硬件结构作出科学的解析,包括电子标签中通信部分、人机交互部分、存储部分、声光部分、电源部分的单片机结构的介绍与研究。
第三,本文重点研究了电子标签辅助分拣系统的组成结构及工作流程,以及适用于本系统的通信总线方案及通信协议,设计出一套可行的通信格式,经实验证明能使主控PC机与电子标签正常通信。本文在此基础上,设计出一套完整的上位机控制程序,实现了订单数据的分批、分割处理,以及拣货作业中上、下位机之间的信息发送与反馈。
最后,本文提出了对拣选作业系统科学评估的各种指标及模型,对电子标签辅助分拣系统所采用的不同订单分批策略进行比较、评价,并研究了对配送中心出货资料进行统计分析的TEIQ方法及其实施应用过程。
The picking system in distribution center which based on electronic label takes central computer as controller and electrial labels as slave equipment which attach on storage.In the system,the central computer help workers dealing with tasks of replenishment and picking correctly and quickly by showing signals such as digital light and voice of buzzer.The system can perform controlling operation flexibly, realizing real-time feedback,handling emergency order so as to achieve the purpose of avoiding mistake,accelerating operation,improving efficency and arranging path of walking rationally.
The statistic data indicate that picking is the most onerous and fallible process in distribution center. Electron-label-aided picking system is the most usual methods in computer-aided picking.It send indications of replenishment or picking to workers promptly and definitely by making electronic labels show the information such as order number and quantity.So it has the advantages of paperless, few mistake and high efficiency.
First of all,this article states the theory of picking system and put forward factors which effect picking efficiency and propose evaluation methods. Emphasis is placed on the strategic planning and realizing and the processing method of orders.All these are used to lead us to the following research of electron-label-aided system.
Secondly,the article analyzes the hardware's structure of the slave equipment in the system,such as the singlechips which are used to communication, or the parts of human-computer interaction,memory, acousto-optic and electric power source.
Thirdly,it carries out a study on the composition and work flow of the electron-label-aided system, communication bus and protocol that fit this system is also states.A suit of communication format is designed and the experiment result showed that it can be used very well on the process of information exchanging.
Finally,it does much research on the index and models which are used for evaluating picking efficiency.It compared different ways of batch operation toward orders.TEIQ,a kind of statistical analysis method which according to the picking system,is used to deal with the history picking data while this analysis can provide quantification reference for planning the system to make it run more effective.
引文
[1]刘昌祺.物流配送中心拣货系统选择及设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.104-118
[2]谢兰云.利用SQLSever与ASP实现订单缓冲自动处理.电脑与信息技术,2005.13(3):28-30
[3]张宗成.物流信息管理学.广州:中山大学出版社,2006.210-219
[4]张维民,戴长华等.信息系统原理与工程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.185-197
[5]刘耀.决策支持系统的理论与应用.北京:中国经济出版社,2001.287-301
[6]菊田一郎.启用新一代拣选系统优化多品种小批量拣选模式.特别策划,2006.5(11):43-52
[7]菊田一郎.岩渊物流中心的药品追踪.特别策划,2006.11(9)36-43
[8]海烟物流中心的规划与设计.特别策划,2006.11(8):54-59
[9]董中浪,宋伟等.物流中心作业的心脏——拣货作业.MM论坛,2002.12(6):20-23
[10]褚方鸿.上海可的便利店物流中心.特别策划,2006.11(9):44-50
[11]赵炯,张树京等.自动化立体仓库中载人联机可视化拣选方案及其性能分析.制造业自动化,2001,23(12):37-41
[12]傅静芳.配送中心的拣货作业模式研究.物流技术,2005.5(3):41-42
[13]李诗珍,李莉等.配送中心单品拣货模式及其效能分析.包装工程,2006.23(12):75-76
[14]李诗珍,王转等.配送中心拣货系统订单处理仿真研究.计算机应用,2005,23(2):94-96
[15]李诗珍,杜文宏等.配送中心的单品拣取模型及应用.物流技术,2005.17(9):75-76
[16]宋齐军,胡声艳.物流中心零散拣货作业效率分析.邮电设计技术,2006.21(9):55-59
[17]李诗珍,王转等.配送中心拣货方式决策模型及应用.江汉石油学院学报,2002.4(2):50-51
[18]李诗珍.配送中心管理调度模型研究——拣货系统的研究:[硕士研究生论文].成都:西南交通大学交通运输学院,2002
[19]Petersen Ⅱ C.G.An evaluation of order picking routing polices,lute rational Journal of operations & production mauagemeut,2002.17(11):142-145
[20]Hiroshi Nagasawa,Knowledge Modeling for Operation Management Support of a Distribution Center,IEEE,2006.
[21]Martin Christopher,Logistics&Supply Chain Management,Electrical publishment,2003.12(7):102-110
[22]谢琼.EIQ在物流中心规划设计中的应用.学术研究,2003.11(3):76-77
[23]王转,贺文文.基于订单资料分析的配送中心规划及应用.机械工程学报,2007.43(4):173-177
[24]行喜欢.ABC分拣效率的数学模型.现代商业-中国市场,2002.11(5):24-31
[25]张祥国.简论分拣及分拣系统.物流技术,2002.22(10):9-10
[26]李诗珍.配送中心的补货方式及应用.物流科技,2003.28(12):12-13
[27]王丰,栾学德.单片机原理与应用技术.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2007.245-251
[28]王忠飞.MCS51单片机原理及嵌入式系统应用.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2007.310-324
[29]通信协议手册编委会编.最新网络通信协议手册.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.104-115
[30]陈忠平.单片机原理及接口.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.117-124
[31]刘志群.基于RS485实现的PC与单片机多机通信.闽江学院学报,2007.28(2):44-46
[32]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.204-210
[33]顾洪军.工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.158-160
[34]邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.229-231
[35]夏邦贵,刘凡馨等.Delphi数据库开发经典实例精解.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.199-215
[36]微软公司编,张素琴等译.Microsoft VisualC++运行库参考手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.310-335
[37]严晓华.现代通信技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.101-123
[38]孙晓云.接口与通信技术原理与应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.88-107
[39]李朝青,刘艳玲等.单片机与PC机网络通信技术.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2007.74-87
[40]田吉,秦文明.PC机与多单片机组成串行通信的新尝试.基础自动化,2005.8(3):41-45
[41]王志梅.关系数据库基础与技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.124-131
[42]马垣.关系数据库理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.55-64
[43]Gyana R.pariah and Bhaba R.sarker;Operation planning in a supply chain system with fix ed-interval deliveries of finished goods.ⅡE Transaction,1999.47-50
[44]Naqvi,Karim J.,Hardware and software development of an automated semi-quantitative test for coliforms using gas evolution as an indicator,M.A.Sc.,The University of Regina (Canada),1999
[45]Dimitris Bertsimas,David Gamarnik,Jay Sethuraman.From fluid relaxations to practical algorithms for high-multiplicity job-shop scheduling:the holding cost objective,Operations Research,2003.15(2):172-175
[46]Kodali,Venkat Rao.The development of network monitoring software for energy monitoring data system,M.Eng.,The University of Texas at Arlington,1995
[47]Michael moses and Sridhar seshadiri, Policy mechanics for supply chain coordination. IIE Transactions, 2000.32(6):201-204
[48]S.Hsieh and K.-C.Tsai, A BOM Oriented Class-Based Storage Assignment in an Automated Storage/Retrieval System, the International Journal of Advance Manufacture Technology, 2001.17(7):683-691
[49]Paul Griffin, Warehousing Systems Layout Issues. Georgia Institute of Technology. Rend Villalobos Arizona State University,1997.21(2):12-15
[50]A literature survey on planning and control of warehousing systems.IIE Transacrtion, 1999.31(7):117-121
[2]谢兰云.利用SQLSever与ASP实现订单缓冲自动处理.电脑与信息技术,2005.13(3):28-30
[3]张宗成.物流信息管理学.广州:中山大学出版社,2006.210-219
[4]张维民,戴长华等.信息系统原理与工程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.185-197
[5]刘耀.决策支持系统的理论与应用.北京:中国经济出版社,2001.287-301
[6]菊田一郎.启用新一代拣选系统优化多品种小批量拣选模式.特别策划,2006.5(11):43-52
[7]菊田一郎.岩渊物流中心的药品追踪.特别策划,2006.11(9)36-43
[8]海烟物流中心的规划与设计.特别策划,2006.11(8):54-59
[9]董中浪,宋伟等.物流中心作业的心脏——拣货作业.MM论坛,2002.12(6):20-23
[10]褚方鸿.上海可的便利店物流中心.特别策划,2006.11(9):44-50
[11]赵炯,张树京等.自动化立体仓库中载人联机可视化拣选方案及其性能分析.制造业自动化,2001,23(12):37-41
[12]傅静芳.配送中心的拣货作业模式研究.物流技术,2005.5(3):41-42
[13]李诗珍,李莉等.配送中心单品拣货模式及其效能分析.包装工程,2006.23(12):75-76
[14]李诗珍,王转等.配送中心拣货系统订单处理仿真研究.计算机应用,2005,23(2):94-96
[15]李诗珍,杜文宏等.配送中心的单品拣取模型及应用.物流技术,2005.17(9):75-76
[16]宋齐军,胡声艳.物流中心零散拣货作业效率分析.邮电设计技术,2006.21(9):55-59
[17]李诗珍,王转等.配送中心拣货方式决策模型及应用.江汉石油学院学报,2002.4(2):50-51
[18]李诗珍.配送中心管理调度模型研究——拣货系统的研究:[硕士研究生论文].成都:西南交通大学交通运输学院,2002
[19]Petersen Ⅱ C.G.An evaluation of order picking routing polices,lute rational Journal of operations & production mauagemeut,2002.17(11):142-145
[20]Hiroshi Nagasawa,Knowledge Modeling for Operation Management Support of a Distribution Center,IEEE,2006.
[21]Martin Christopher,Logistics&Supply Chain Management,Electrical publishment,2003.12(7):102-110
[22]谢琼.EIQ在物流中心规划设计中的应用.学术研究,2003.11(3):76-77
[23]王转,贺文文.基于订单资料分析的配送中心规划及应用.机械工程学报,2007.43(4):173-177
[24]行喜欢.ABC分拣效率的数学模型.现代商业-中国市场,2002.11(5):24-31
[25]张祥国.简论分拣及分拣系统.物流技术,2002.22(10):9-10
[26]李诗珍.配送中心的补货方式及应用.物流科技,2003.28(12):12-13
[27]王丰,栾学德.单片机原理与应用技术.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2007.245-251
[28]王忠飞.MCS51单片机原理及嵌入式系统应用.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2007.310-324
[29]通信协议手册编委会编.最新网络通信协议手册.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.104-115
[30]陈忠平.单片机原理及接口.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.117-124
[31]刘志群.基于RS485实现的PC与单片机多机通信.闽江学院学报,2007.28(2):44-46
[32]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.204-210
[33]顾洪军.工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.158-160
[34]邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.229-231
[35]夏邦贵,刘凡馨等.Delphi数据库开发经典实例精解.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.199-215
[36]微软公司编,张素琴等译.Microsoft VisualC++运行库参考手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.310-335
[37]严晓华.现代通信技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.101-123
[38]孙晓云.接口与通信技术原理与应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.88-107
[39]李朝青,刘艳玲等.单片机与PC机网络通信技术.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2007.74-87
[40]田吉,秦文明.PC机与多单片机组成串行通信的新尝试.基础自动化,2005.8(3):41-45
[41]王志梅.关系数据库基础与技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.124-131
[42]马垣.关系数据库理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.55-64
[43]Gyana R.pariah and Bhaba R.sarker;Operation planning in a supply chain system with fix ed-interval deliveries of finished goods.ⅡE Transaction,1999.47-50
[44]Naqvi,Karim J.,Hardware and software development of an automated semi-quantitative test for coliforms using gas evolution as an indicator,M.A.Sc.,The University of Regina (Canada),1999
[45]Dimitris Bertsimas,David Gamarnik,Jay Sethuraman.From fluid relaxations to practical algorithms for high-multiplicity job-shop scheduling:the holding cost objective,Operations Research,2003.15(2):172-175
[46]Kodali,Venkat Rao.The development of network monitoring software for energy monitoring data system,M.Eng.,The University of Texas at Arlington,1995
[47]Michael moses and Sridhar seshadiri, Policy mechanics for supply chain coordination. IIE Transactions, 2000.32(6):201-204
[48]S.Hsieh and K.-C.Tsai, A BOM Oriented Class-Based Storage Assignment in an Automated Storage/Retrieval System, the International Journal of Advance Manufacture Technology, 2001.17(7):683-691
[49]Paul Griffin, Warehousing Systems Layout Issues. Georgia Institute of Technology. Rend Villalobos Arizona State University,1997.21(2):12-15
[50]A literature survey on planning and control of warehousing systems.IIE Transacrtion, 1999.31(7):117-121