碳钢摩擦热处理后的显微组织及力学性能
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摘要
摩擦强化是利用摩擦热对工件表面进行强化处理的新工艺,具有节能、高效、环保等优点。
本文以45钢和35Mn钢为研究对象,采用端面干摩擦的方式进行摩擦强化试验。利用数显洛氏硬度计HRS-150测定试样的强化硬度;利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄试样的金像组织进行强化分析;利用ANSYS有限元软件,对摩擦强化温度场进行模拟。
试验发现:试样表面存在一定的强化区;强化区内的显微组织中含有大量的、均匀分布的马氏体;强化区内的表面硬度达到淬火硬度。
实验结论:摩擦淬火工艺完全可以实现。
The friction-hardening process is a new kind of technique to quench on the surface of the specimen with the advantage of energy-saving, high efficiency, environmental protection and so on. The most important point of the technology is that, it makes use of the heat produced during the friction process.
This thesis took the steel 45 and steel 35Mn as the testing samples. The test used the way of end-to-end friction to carry on the friction-hardening. The final result analysis used the digital HRS-150 Rockwell hardness tester to measure the hardness of the surface on the specimens and used the electron-scanning microscope to take the microscopical photos. The paper analyses the hardening mechanism in using the photos of microstructures. At last, the temperature field of the specimen was simulated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software.
The test indicates that, there is a hardened-area on the surface of the specimen and there is a massive martensite in the area, which distribute regularly. At the same time, the hardness of the area achieves the quenching hardness in the harden zone.
Experiment conclusion: The process of friction-hardening can definitely realize in practice.
本文以45钢和35Mn钢为研究对象,采用端面干摩擦的方式进行摩擦强化试验。利用数显洛氏硬度计HRS-150测定试样的强化硬度;利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄试样的金像组织进行强化分析;利用ANSYS有限元软件,对摩擦强化温度场进行模拟。
试验发现:试样表面存在一定的强化区;强化区内的显微组织中含有大量的、均匀分布的马氏体;强化区内的表面硬度达到淬火硬度。
实验结论:摩擦淬火工艺完全可以实现。
The friction-hardening process is a new kind of technique to quench on the surface of the specimen with the advantage of energy-saving, high efficiency, environmental protection and so on. The most important point of the technology is that, it makes use of the heat produced during the friction process.
This thesis took the steel 45 and steel 35Mn as the testing samples. The test used the way of end-to-end friction to carry on the friction-hardening. The final result analysis used the digital HRS-150 Rockwell hardness tester to measure the hardness of the surface on the specimens and used the electron-scanning microscope to take the microscopical photos. The paper analyses the hardening mechanism in using the photos of microstructures. At last, the temperature field of the specimen was simulated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software.
The test indicates that, there is a hardened-area on the surface of the specimen and there is a massive martensite in the area, which distribute regularly. At the same time, the hardness of the area achieves the quenching hardness in the harden zone.
Experiment conclusion: The process of friction-hardening can definitely realize in practice.
引文
[1]李茂山,吴光英.金属热处理的现状及发展趋势.国外金属热处理.1998,(1):5-7
[2]齐少安,刘承东.摩擦焊接及其工艺发展.机械制造.2003,41(471):24-27
[3]韩正铜,张宁菊,高顶等.40Cr调质钢磨削淬硬表面强化的实验研究.材料工程.2007,(12):35-38
[4]刘菊东,王贵成.磨削淬硬工艺的研究现状与发展趋势.现代制造工程.2003,(11):81-83
[5]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.205-243
[6]龚欢.40Cr钢磨削强化工艺试验与温度场仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学机电学院.2007
[7]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.非淬硬钢磨削表面硬化层的试验研究.中国机械工程.2005,(11):1013-1017
[8]刘菊东,王贵成.基于磨削加工的表面形变淬火工艺.磨削强化.工具技术.2004,38(7):11-14
[9]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.65Mn钢磨削硬化层组织的研究.中国机械工程.2004,15(17):1573-1576
[10]张建华,葛培琪,张磊.磨削淬火技术的研究现状与展望.工具技术.2006,40(1):3-5
[11]张华,林三宝,吴林等.搅拌摩擦焊研究进展及前景展望.焊接学报.2003,24(3):91-95
[12]李长河,赵亮,蔡光起.利用磨削热进行表面热处理新工艺技术研究.煤矿机械.2005,(1):61-64
[13]杨世铭.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1987,(2):1-3
[14]葛培琪,孙建国,刘镇昌.磨削淬硬-磨削加工与表面淬火集成制造技术.工具技术.2001,35(1):7-10
[15]刘菊东,侯达盘,王大镇.40Cr钢磨削淬硬层组织形成机理的研究.材料热处理学报.2007,28(8):41-45
[16]F.P.Bowden,D.Tabor.The Friction and Lubrication of Solids,part Ⅱ.北京:机械工业出版社,1987:198-231
[17]BROCKHOFF T.Grind-hardening.A comprehensive view.Annals of the CIRP.1999,48(1):255-260
[18]ZARUDI I,ZHANG L C.Mechanical property improvement of quenchable steel by grinding.Journal of Materials Science.2002,37(18):3935-3943
[19]Anonymous.Friction stir welding company formed.Robotics World.2002,20(1):5-6
[20]O B Fedoseev,S Malkin.Analysis of Tempering and Rehardening for Grinding of Hardened Steels.Transactions of the ASME.388.1991,113:56-62
[21]Brinksmeier E,Brockhoff T.Randschicht-Warm-ebehandlung durshSchleifen.Harterei-Techn.-Mitt.1994,49(5):327-330
[22]Brinksmeier E,Brockhoff T.Utilization of Grind-ing Heat as a New Heat Treatment Process.Annals of the CIRP.1996,45(1):283-286
[23]Wager J G,Gu D Y.Influence of Up-Grinding and Down-Grinding on the Contact Zone.Annals of the CIRP.1991,40(1):323-326
[24]Konstanos Salonitis,George Tsoukantas,Stavros Drakopoulos et al.Environmental Impact Assessment of Grind-Hardening Process.Annals of the CIRP.2006,47(1):657-662
[25]Campbell G,Stotler T.Friction stir welding of armor grade a-luminum plate.Welding Journal(Miami,Fla).1999,78(12):45-47
[26]周君.摩擦焊技术发展与展望.机械工人.2006,(2):27-29
[27]傅志红,黄明辉,周鹏展等.搅拌摩擦焊及其研究现状.焊接.2002,(11):6-10
[28]郭均高,张爱萍,罗肖邦.美国感应热处理的最新发展趋势.国外金属热处理.2002,23(6):1-27
[29]魏世忠,徐流杰,朱金华等.碳、钒含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响.钢铁研究学报.2005,17(5):66-71
[30]姜凤华.焊接热传导方程的有限元解法.内蒙古石油化工.2007,(10):52-54
[31]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998:14-17
[32]Brockhoff.Grind-hardening.A comprehensive view.Annals of the CIRP.1999,48(1):255-260.
[38]Thomas M W,Nicholas E D,Needham J C,,et al.Friction Stir Welding.GB Patent Application.1991,(12)32-34
[39]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.砂轮特性对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层影响.金属热处理.2006,31(12):56-58
[40]秦宇.ANSYS11.0基础与实例教程.北京:化学工业出版社,2009.295-340
[41]张华,林三宝,吴林,冯吉才,栾国红.搅拌摩擦焊研究进展及前景展望.焊接学报.2003,(24):91-95
[42]傅志红,黄明辉,周鹏展,贺地求.搅拌摩擦焊及其研究现状.焊接.2002,(11):21-23
[2]齐少安,刘承东.摩擦焊接及其工艺发展.机械制造.2003,41(471):24-27
[3]韩正铜,张宁菊,高顶等.40Cr调质钢磨削淬硬表面强化的实验研究.材料工程.2007,(12):35-38
[4]刘菊东,王贵成.磨削淬硬工艺的研究现状与发展趋势.现代制造工程.2003,(11):81-83
[5]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.205-243
[6]龚欢.40Cr钢磨削强化工艺试验与温度场仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学机电学院.2007
[7]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.非淬硬钢磨削表面硬化层的试验研究.中国机械工程.2005,(11):1013-1017
[8]刘菊东,王贵成.基于磨削加工的表面形变淬火工艺.磨削强化.工具技术.2004,38(7):11-14
[9]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.65Mn钢磨削硬化层组织的研究.中国机械工程.2004,15(17):1573-1576
[10]张建华,葛培琪,张磊.磨削淬火技术的研究现状与展望.工具技术.2006,40(1):3-5
[11]张华,林三宝,吴林等.搅拌摩擦焊研究进展及前景展望.焊接学报.2003,24(3):91-95
[12]李长河,赵亮,蔡光起.利用磨削热进行表面热处理新工艺技术研究.煤矿机械.2005,(1):61-64
[13]杨世铭.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1987,(2):1-3
[14]葛培琪,孙建国,刘镇昌.磨削淬硬-磨削加工与表面淬火集成制造技术.工具技术.2001,35(1):7-10
[15]刘菊东,侯达盘,王大镇.40Cr钢磨削淬硬层组织形成机理的研究.材料热处理学报.2007,28(8):41-45
[16]F.P.Bowden,D.Tabor.The Friction and Lubrication of Solids,part Ⅱ.北京:机械工业出版社,1987:198-231
[17]BROCKHOFF T.Grind-hardening.A comprehensive view.Annals of the CIRP.1999,48(1):255-260
[18]ZARUDI I,ZHANG L C.Mechanical property improvement of quenchable steel by grinding.Journal of Materials Science.2002,37(18):3935-3943
[19]Anonymous.Friction stir welding company formed.Robotics World.2002,20(1):5-6
[20]O B Fedoseev,S Malkin.Analysis of Tempering and Rehardening for Grinding of Hardened Steels.Transactions of the ASME.388.1991,113:56-62
[21]Brinksmeier E,Brockhoff T.Randschicht-Warm-ebehandlung durshSchleifen.Harterei-Techn.-Mitt.1994,49(5):327-330
[22]Brinksmeier E,Brockhoff T.Utilization of Grind-ing Heat as a New Heat Treatment Process.Annals of the CIRP.1996,45(1):283-286
[23]Wager J G,Gu D Y.Influence of Up-Grinding and Down-Grinding on the Contact Zone.Annals of the CIRP.1991,40(1):323-326
[24]Konstanos Salonitis,George Tsoukantas,Stavros Drakopoulos et al.Environmental Impact Assessment of Grind-Hardening Process.Annals of the CIRP.2006,47(1):657-662
[25]Campbell G,Stotler T.Friction stir welding of armor grade a-luminum plate.Welding Journal(Miami,Fla).1999,78(12):45-47
[26]周君.摩擦焊技术发展与展望.机械工人.2006,(2):27-29
[27]傅志红,黄明辉,周鹏展等.搅拌摩擦焊及其研究现状.焊接.2002,(11):6-10
[28]郭均高,张爱萍,罗肖邦.美国感应热处理的最新发展趋势.国外金属热处理.2002,23(6):1-27
[29]魏世忠,徐流杰,朱金华等.碳、钒含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响.钢铁研究学报.2005,17(5):66-71
[30]姜凤华.焊接热传导方程的有限元解法.内蒙古石油化工.2007,(10):52-54
[31]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998:14-17
[32]Brockhoff.Grind-hardening.A comprehensive view.Annals of the CIRP.1999,48(1):255-260.
[38]Thomas M W,Nicholas E D,Needham J C,,et al.Friction Stir Welding.GB Patent Application.1991,(12)32-34
[39]刘菊东,王贵成,陈康敏等.砂轮特性对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层影响.金属热处理.2006,31(12):56-58
[40]秦宇.ANSYS11.0基础与实例教程.北京:化学工业出版社,2009.295-340
[41]张华,林三宝,吴林,冯吉才,栾国红.搅拌摩擦焊研究进展及前景展望.焊接学报.2003,(24):91-95
[42]傅志红,黄明辉,周鹏展,贺地求.搅拌摩擦焊及其研究现状.焊接.2002,(11):21-23