用于金属表面的超高频RFID标签天线的分析与设计
摘要
射频识别(RFID)系统,有着极其广阔的应用前景,其研究和开发受到各国的重视。UHF频段的射频识别系统以其独特的优势成为国际上研究的热点之一。天线是RFID标签的重要组成部分,而UHF频段的天线受金属表面影响较大,这样基于自由空间设计的RFID系统的性能在金属表面上会变得不稳定。本文准备对UHF频段金属表面薄型(易共形)标签天线进行研究,并设计出一到两种可用的标签天线。
UHF频段RFID系统的优劣取决于其读写距离,而对读写距离影响最大的是天线的匹配状况以及天线的增益,本文针对这两个关键问题的研究取得了一些成绩,主要的工作和创新之处如下:
1.设计出了一种同轴线馈电切口微带贴片天线,该天线在结构上有所创新,是基于厚度为0.635mm的薄型介质板设计的,其峰值增益能达到-4.5dBi,输入阻抗的变化范围可达(5～95~+)+j(100～350~+)Ω。天线利用同轴线进行馈电,芯片与同轴线相连,结构简单,制作成本低。根据设计结果制作了天线并进行了测量,测量结果与仿真结果基本一致。
2.设计出了一种波导馈电的微带环缝天线,该天线同样也是基于厚度为0.635mm的薄型介质板设计的,其峰值增益能达到-4.7dBi,输入阻抗的变化范围可达和(8～150~+)+j(80～600~+)Ω,设计时是将芯片与天线直接集成在一起的,降低了成本,适宜大规模的RFID标签天线生产。实际制作了天线并进行了测量,测量结果与仿真结果基本一致。
3.对不同金属环境下天线性能的变化进行了仿真分析,主要得出了以下三点结论:(1)天线周围有金属时,并且当天线距金属为λ/4(λ为工作频率点对应的波长)的奇数倍时,其增益会被增强,而偶数倍时其增益会被减弱;(2)当天线贴在金属表面时,沿电流流向增大金属表面的长度会令增益先增后减,垂直于电流流向增大金属表面的长度则会令增益持续减小;以上两种情况对天线回波损耗影响不大;(3)天线沿电流流向呈圆柱形弯曲时增益会不断减小,当垂直于电流流向弯曲时,增益会持续增大,弯曲的情况会对输入阻抗和回波损耗影响较大。
Radio frequency identification (RFID) system has a wide range of application in future, and many countries paid lots of attention on it. As a result of its advantage, UHF RFID system now is the international hot spot. The RFID antenna in UHF frequency band is the key component of RFID tag, but the antenna that design on free space can be influenced greatly by metallic surface, which will cause the instability of the system. Some work on the thin (easy to be conformal with object) UHF RFID tag antenna for metallic surface is done and some kinds of antennas that can be used on metallic surface are designed in this paper.
The performances of UHF RFID system largely depend on its reading range, and the reading range is greatly influenced by the gain and impedance matching of antenna, the paper makes some success at these two points, the main work and innovation points are as below:
1. A microstrip patch antenna with a feeding line at incison is designed. Its structure is something new, used on a dielectric layer with the thickness of 0.635mm, the peak gain is -4.5dBi, and the Variational range of input impedance is(5～95~+) + j(100～350~+)Ω, it is fed by feeding line. Its structure is simple and the cost is low. The antennas are produced based on the design results and measured. Measurement results and simulation results are basically the same.
2. A circular slot antenna fed with CPW is designed. Also its structure is and used on the layer with a dielictric thickness of 0.635mm, the peak gain is -4.7dBi, and the Variational range of input impedance is (8～150~+) + j(80～600~+)Ω, it is designed to be integrated with the chip, so the cost is reduced; it is suitable for mass production. The antenna is produced. Measurement results and simulation results are basically the same.
3. The antennas with different kinds of metal environment are simulated and analized. The results can be sorted in three conditions: First, in the condition that there is metal aroud the antenna, if the distance between the antenna and the metal is about even times ofλ/4 (λis the wavelength corresponding to operating frequency), the gain will be enhanced by metal; If the distance is around double times ofλ/4, the gain will be weakened. Second, increasing the length along surface current will contribute to the gain at first, and then the opposite; while increasing the length calibration to surface current will reduce the gain constantly. In these two conditions above, the return loss is little influenced. Third, the antenna is bent along the cylindrical metallic surface. When it is bent along the surface current, the gain will keep reducing; in the opposite condition, the gain will be increased constantly.
UHF频段RFID系统的优劣取决于其读写距离,而对读写距离影响最大的是天线的匹配状况以及天线的增益,本文针对这两个关键问题的研究取得了一些成绩,主要的工作和创新之处如下:
1.设计出了一种同轴线馈电切口微带贴片天线,该天线在结构上有所创新,是基于厚度为0.635mm的薄型介质板设计的,其峰值增益能达到-4.5dBi,输入阻抗的变化范围可达(5～95~+)+j(100～350~+)Ω。天线利用同轴线进行馈电,芯片与同轴线相连,结构简单,制作成本低。根据设计结果制作了天线并进行了测量,测量结果与仿真结果基本一致。
2.设计出了一种波导馈电的微带环缝天线,该天线同样也是基于厚度为0.635mm的薄型介质板设计的,其峰值增益能达到-4.7dBi,输入阻抗的变化范围可达和(8～150~+)+j(80～600~+)Ω,设计时是将芯片与天线直接集成在一起的,降低了成本,适宜大规模的RFID标签天线生产。实际制作了天线并进行了测量,测量结果与仿真结果基本一致。
3.对不同金属环境下天线性能的变化进行了仿真分析,主要得出了以下三点结论:(1)天线周围有金属时,并且当天线距金属为λ/4(λ为工作频率点对应的波长)的奇数倍时,其增益会被增强,而偶数倍时其增益会被减弱;(2)当天线贴在金属表面时,沿电流流向增大金属表面的长度会令增益先增后减,垂直于电流流向增大金属表面的长度则会令增益持续减小;以上两种情况对天线回波损耗影响不大;(3)天线沿电流流向呈圆柱形弯曲时增益会不断减小,当垂直于电流流向弯曲时,增益会持续增大,弯曲的情况会对输入阻抗和回波损耗影响较大。
Radio frequency identification (RFID) system has a wide range of application in future, and many countries paid lots of attention on it. As a result of its advantage, UHF RFID system now is the international hot spot. The RFID antenna in UHF frequency band is the key component of RFID tag, but the antenna that design on free space can be influenced greatly by metallic surface, which will cause the instability of the system. Some work on the thin (easy to be conformal with object) UHF RFID tag antenna for metallic surface is done and some kinds of antennas that can be used on metallic surface are designed in this paper.
The performances of UHF RFID system largely depend on its reading range, and the reading range is greatly influenced by the gain and impedance matching of antenna, the paper makes some success at these two points, the main work and innovation points are as below:
1. A microstrip patch antenna with a feeding line at incison is designed. Its structure is something new, used on a dielectric layer with the thickness of 0.635mm, the peak gain is -4.5dBi, and the Variational range of input impedance is(5～95~+) + j(100～350~+)Ω, it is fed by feeding line. Its structure is simple and the cost is low. The antennas are produced based on the design results and measured. Measurement results and simulation results are basically the same.
2. A circular slot antenna fed with CPW is designed. Also its structure is and used on the layer with a dielictric thickness of 0.635mm, the peak gain is -4.7dBi, and the Variational range of input impedance is (8～150~+) + j(80～600~+)Ω, it is designed to be integrated with the chip, so the cost is reduced; it is suitable for mass production. The antenna is produced. Measurement results and simulation results are basically the same.
3. The antennas with different kinds of metal environment are simulated and analized. The results can be sorted in three conditions: First, in the condition that there is metal aroud the antenna, if the distance between the antenna and the metal is about even times ofλ/4 (λis the wavelength corresponding to operating frequency), the gain will be enhanced by metal; If the distance is around double times ofλ/4, the gain will be weakened. Second, increasing the length along surface current will contribute to the gain at first, and then the opposite; while increasing the length calibration to surface current will reduce the gain constantly. In these two conditions above, the return loss is little influenced. Third, the antenna is bent along the cylindrical metallic surface. When it is bent along the surface current, the gain will keep reducing; in the opposite condition, the gain will be increased constantly.
引文
[1]贾晓林.RFID技术的发展历史和标准现状[J].家电科技.2009.19期.pp.32-34
[2]郝良彬,李有科,庄欣.RFID的技术标准和相关规则[J].武汉科技学院学报.2008.21卷(7期)
[3]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳等著.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南.第一版.北京.机械工业出版社.2007年4月
[4]张明涛.用于RFID的天线设计[学位论文].西安.西安电子科技大学.2007
[5]产业观察.中国自动识别技术.2007年第8月.第4期.pp.81-82
[6]Klaus Finkenzeller[德]著.吴晓峰,陈大才译.射频识别技术.第三版.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[7]王俊宁,武岳山,鞠苏明.解读UHF频段政策:用超高频“规矩”画RFID市场“方圆”.http://www.rfidinfo.com.cn/Info/n5198_1.html.
[8]于利亚.RFID系统天线辐射场的研究[学位论文].西北大学.2006
[9]“应用”[J].中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.29-31
[10]秘蓉新.中国射频识别技术应用蓄势待发[J].中国防伪报道.2008年.第10期.pp.20-21
[11]叶龙.RFID的应用瓶颈和发展模式研究[J].上海商学院报.2008年9月.第9卷第5期.pp.48-50
[12]王爱玲,盛小宝著.RFID技术及应用.第一版.北京.中国物资出版社.2007年7月
[13]高倩.再掀RFID狂潮.中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.64-66
[14]Gaetano Marrocco.The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design:Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.February 2008.Vol.50,No.1.pp.66-79
[15]Amin Shameli,Aminghasem Safarian,Ahmadreza Rofougaran.A UHF Near-Field RFID System With Fully Integrated Transponder[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES.MAY 2008.VOL.56,NO.5.1267-1276
[16]Jaehoon Choi,Uisheon Kim,Youngman Um and Dongmin Shin.Design of Antennas for the UHF RFID System[J].Proceedings of iWAT2008,Chiba,Japan.IT41.pp.75-78
[17]董丽华等著.RFID技术与应用.第一版.北京.电子工业出版社.2008.5
[18]John D.Kraus,Ronald J.Marhefka著,章文勋译.天线.第三版.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.2
[19]卢万铮编著.天线理论与技术.第一版.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.5
[20]Warren L.Stutzman,Gary A.Thiele著,朱守正,安同一译.天线理论与设计.第二版.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.10
[21]Jari-Pascal Curty,Michel Declercq,Catherine Dehollain,Norbert Joehl著,陈力颖,毛陆虹译.无源超高频RFID系统设计与优化.第一版.北京.科学出版社.2008.9
[22]K.V.S.Rao;Pavel V.Nikitin;SanderF.Lam.Antenna design for UHF RFID tags:a review and a practical application[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005.Vol:53,No 12.pp.3870-3876
[23]钟顺时著.微带天线理论与应用.第一版.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.1991.6
[24]张钧,刘克诚,张贤绎,赫崇骏编著.微带天线理论与工程.第一版.北京.国防工业出版社.1988.7
[25]Uisheon Kim,Youngbaek Choi,Jaehoon Choi.Design of a Loop Antenna with Stubs for RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[26]Y.Yamada,W.G.Hong,W.H.Jung and N.Michishita.High Gain Design of a Very Small Normal Mode Helical Antenna for RFID Tags.1-4244-1272-2/07/$25.00(?) 2008 IEEE
[27]马英炳.有源RFID技术应用及发展前景研究[J].大众科技.2008.第12期
[28]Bing Yang,Quanyuan Feng.A Folded Dipole Antenna for RFID Tag.ICMMT2008Proceedings.978-1-4244-1880-0/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[29]Gaetano Marrocco.The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design:Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.February 2008.Vol.50,No.1.pp.66-79
[30]Li Yang,Amin Rida,Jiexin Li,and Manos M.Tentzeris.Antenna Advancement Techniques and Integration of RFID Electronics on Organic Substrates for UHF RFID Applications in Automotive Sensing and Vehicle Security[J].1-4244-0264-6/07/$25.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.2040-2041
[31]Leena Ukkonen,Lauri Syd(a|¨)nheimo,and Markku Kivikoski.Design and Performance of Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Industrial Paper Reels[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.5479-5482
[32]Afzal Syed,Kenneth Demarest,Daniel D.Deavours.Effects of Antenna Material on the Performance of UHF RFID Tags[J].2007 IEEE International Conference on RFID Gaylord Texan Resort,Grapevine,TX,USA..March 26-28,2007.pp.57-62
[33]Yeonho Kim,Kyounghwan Lee,Yongju Kim,You Chung Chung.Wearable UHF RFID Tag Antenna Design Using Flexible Electro-Thread and Textile[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.5487-5490
[34]L.Xu,B.J.Hu and J.Wang.UHF RFID tag antenna with broadband characteristic.ELECTRONICS LETTERS.17th January 2008.Vol.44 No.2.
[35]Sung-Joon Hong,Byunggil Yu,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Myun-Joo Park,Yong-Seek Chung,and Byungje Lee.Crab shaped Antenna for RFID Tag at UHF Band[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[36]Qiu-zhen Chen and Bin-jie Hu.Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on the metallic objects[J].ICMMT 2008 Proceeding.
[37]Andrey S.Andrenko,Manabu Kai,Toru Maniwa,and Takashi Yamagajo.Compact Printed-On-CD UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007IEEE.pp.5455-5458
[38]Matti Nikkari,Toni Bj(o|¨)rninen,Leena Ukkonen,Fan Yang,Atef Elsherbeni,Lauri Syd(a|¨)nheimo,Markku Kivikoski.Design and Comparison Between Two General Purpose Dipole Type UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[39]Wonkyu Choi,H.W.Son,Chansoo Shin,Ji-Hoon Bae,Gilyoung Choi.RFID tag antenna with a meandered dipole and inductively coupled feed[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.619-622
[40]Young-Joon Ahn,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Sung-Joo Kim,Myun-Joo Park,Yong-Seek Chung,and Byungje Lee.Electrically Small Loop Antenna for UHF Band RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[41]G.Marrocco.RFID Antenna for The UHF monitoring of Human bodies[J].IEEE 数据库.pp.51-56
[42]李强,赖声礼,朱海龙.一种小型化圆形UHF频段RFID标签天线的设计[J].科学技术与工程.2008年1月.第8卷,第1期.pp.187-190
[43]Goojo Kim,Yongkwon Park,You Chung Chung.Circular UHF RFID Tag Antenna and Relationship between Reading Range and RCS of the Tag Antenna[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.1757-1760
[44]Naoto KOGO,Susumu NAKAZAWA,Toru IWASAKI,Shoji TANAKA,Kazuyoshi SHOGEN,Koichi ITO.Folded Type Rectangular Loop Antenna in UHF Band[J].Proceedings of iWAT2008,Chiba,Japan,P305.pp.434-437
[45]Kyounghwan Lee,You Chung Chung.High Gain Yagi-Uda UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.1753-1756
[46]胡汝刚.UHF频段射频识别系统天线研究[学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.5
[47]Mitsuo Taguchi,Takashi Fukahori,and Hideaki Shimoda.Loop Antenna Located on Magnetic Plate for RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[48]谭立容,刘豫东,顾斌.UHF防金属标签天线设计技术综述[J].中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.43-44
[49]Bo Gao,Chi Ho Cheng,Matthew M.F.YuenI,Ross D.Murch.Low Cost Passive UHF RFID Packaging with Electromagnetic Band Gap(EBG) Substrate for Metal Objects[J].2007 Electronic Components and Technology Conference.pp.974-978
[50]Qiu-zhen Chen and Bin-jie Hu.Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on the metallic objects[J].ICMMT 2008 proceeding.
[51]Byunggil Yu,Sung-Joo Kim,Byungwoon Jung,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Myun-Joo Park,and Byungje Lee.Balanced RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Plates.1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.3237-3240
[52]Wonkyu Choi,Jungsuk Kim,Ji-Hoon Bae,Gilyoung Choi.A small RFID tag antenna to identify metallic objects[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[53]R.Mittra and A.Hoenschel.Some Novel Designs for RFID Antennas and their Performance Enhancement with Metamaterials[J].1-4244-1035-5/07/$ 25.00.2007IEEE.pp.1-3
[54]H.-W.Son.Design of RFID tag antenna for metallic surfaces using lossy substrate[J].ELECTRONICS LETTERS.5th June 2008.Vol.44 No.12
[55]周永明,赖晓铮,赖声礼,张瑞娜.基于缝隙的射频识别标签天线设计[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2007年9月.第35卷第9期.pp.6-10
[56]Wei-Chung Weng and charles T.M.Choi.Optimal Design of CPW Slot Antennas Using Tagnchi's Method[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS.MARCH 2009.VOL.45,NO.3.pp.1542-1549
[57]Jin-Sen Chen.Studies of CPW-Fed Equilateral Triangular-Ring Slot Antennas and Triangular-Ring Slot Coupled Patch Antennas[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION.JULY 2005.VOL.53,NO.7.pp.2208-2211
[58]K.H.Kim,J.G.Song,D.H.Kim,H.S.Hu and J.H.Park.RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic surfaces and matching method by parasitic patches[J]. 978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[59]C.Cho,H.Choo and I.Park.Design of planar RFID tag antenna for metallic objects[J].ELECTRONICS LETTERS.31 st January 2008.Vol.44 No.3
[60]Johan Sid(?)n,Hans-Erik Nilsson,Andrey Koptyug and Torbj(o|¨)rn Olsson.A Distanced RFID Dipole for a Metallic Supply Chain Label[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006IEEE.pp.3229-3232
[61]Joel T.Prothro,Gregory D.Durgin,and Joshua D.Griffin.The Effects of a Metal Ground Plane on RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.3241-3244
[62]Kanik Arora,Hugo Mallinson,Anand Kulkami,James Brusey and Duncan McFarlane.The Practical Feasibility of Using RFID in a Metal Environment[J].IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the WCNC 2007proceedings.pp.1681-1685
[63]Lingfei Mo,Hong Jian Zhang.RFID Antenna Near the Surface of Metal[J].IEEE 2007International Symposium on Microwave,Antenna,Propagation,and EMC Technologies For Wireless Communications.pp.803-806
[2]郝良彬,李有科,庄欣.RFID的技术标准和相关规则[J].武汉科技学院学报.2008.21卷(7期)
[3]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳等著.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南.第一版.北京.机械工业出版社.2007年4月
[4]张明涛.用于RFID的天线设计[学位论文].西安.西安电子科技大学.2007
[5]产业观察.中国自动识别技术.2007年第8月.第4期.pp.81-82
[6]Klaus Finkenzeller[德]著.吴晓峰,陈大才译.射频识别技术.第三版.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[7]王俊宁,武岳山,鞠苏明.解读UHF频段政策:用超高频“规矩”画RFID市场“方圆”.http://www.rfidinfo.com.cn/Info/n5198_1.html.
[8]于利亚.RFID系统天线辐射场的研究[学位论文].西北大学.2006
[9]“应用”[J].中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.29-31
[10]秘蓉新.中国射频识别技术应用蓄势待发[J].中国防伪报道.2008年.第10期.pp.20-21
[11]叶龙.RFID的应用瓶颈和发展模式研究[J].上海商学院报.2008年9月.第9卷第5期.pp.48-50
[12]王爱玲,盛小宝著.RFID技术及应用.第一版.北京.中国物资出版社.2007年7月
[13]高倩.再掀RFID狂潮.中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.64-66
[14]Gaetano Marrocco.The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design:Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.February 2008.Vol.50,No.1.pp.66-79
[15]Amin Shameli,Aminghasem Safarian,Ahmadreza Rofougaran.A UHF Near-Field RFID System With Fully Integrated Transponder[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES.MAY 2008.VOL.56,NO.5.1267-1276
[16]Jaehoon Choi,Uisheon Kim,Youngman Um and Dongmin Shin.Design of Antennas for the UHF RFID System[J].Proceedings of iWAT2008,Chiba,Japan.IT41.pp.75-78
[17]董丽华等著.RFID技术与应用.第一版.北京.电子工业出版社.2008.5
[18]John D.Kraus,Ronald J.Marhefka著,章文勋译.天线.第三版.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.2
[19]卢万铮编著.天线理论与技术.第一版.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.5
[20]Warren L.Stutzman,Gary A.Thiele著,朱守正,安同一译.天线理论与设计.第二版.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.10
[21]Jari-Pascal Curty,Michel Declercq,Catherine Dehollain,Norbert Joehl著,陈力颖,毛陆虹译.无源超高频RFID系统设计与优化.第一版.北京.科学出版社.2008.9
[22]K.V.S.Rao;Pavel V.Nikitin;SanderF.Lam.Antenna design for UHF RFID tags:a review and a practical application[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005.Vol:53,No 12.pp.3870-3876
[23]钟顺时著.微带天线理论与应用.第一版.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.1991.6
[24]张钧,刘克诚,张贤绎,赫崇骏编著.微带天线理论与工程.第一版.北京.国防工业出版社.1988.7
[25]Uisheon Kim,Youngbaek Choi,Jaehoon Choi.Design of a Loop Antenna with Stubs for RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[26]Y.Yamada,W.G.Hong,W.H.Jung and N.Michishita.High Gain Design of a Very Small Normal Mode Helical Antenna for RFID Tags.1-4244-1272-2/07/$25.00(?) 2008 IEEE
[27]马英炳.有源RFID技术应用及发展前景研究[J].大众科技.2008.第12期
[28]Bing Yang,Quanyuan Feng.A Folded Dipole Antenna for RFID Tag.ICMMT2008Proceedings.978-1-4244-1880-0/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[29]Gaetano Marrocco.The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design:Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.February 2008.Vol.50,No.1.pp.66-79
[30]Li Yang,Amin Rida,Jiexin Li,and Manos M.Tentzeris.Antenna Advancement Techniques and Integration of RFID Electronics on Organic Substrates for UHF RFID Applications in Automotive Sensing and Vehicle Security[J].1-4244-0264-6/07/$25.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.2040-2041
[31]Leena Ukkonen,Lauri Syd(a|¨)nheimo,and Markku Kivikoski.Design and Performance of Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Industrial Paper Reels[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.5479-5482
[32]Afzal Syed,Kenneth Demarest,Daniel D.Deavours.Effects of Antenna Material on the Performance of UHF RFID Tags[J].2007 IEEE International Conference on RFID Gaylord Texan Resort,Grapevine,TX,USA..March 26-28,2007.pp.57-62
[33]Yeonho Kim,Kyounghwan Lee,Yongju Kim,You Chung Chung.Wearable UHF RFID Tag Antenna Design Using Flexible Electro-Thread and Textile[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.5487-5490
[34]L.Xu,B.J.Hu and J.Wang.UHF RFID tag antenna with broadband characteristic.ELECTRONICS LETTERS.17th January 2008.Vol.44 No.2.
[35]Sung-Joon Hong,Byunggil Yu,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Myun-Joo Park,Yong-Seek Chung,and Byungje Lee.Crab shaped Antenna for RFID Tag at UHF Band[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[36]Qiu-zhen Chen and Bin-jie Hu.Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on the metallic objects[J].ICMMT 2008 Proceeding.
[37]Andrey S.Andrenko,Manabu Kai,Toru Maniwa,and Takashi Yamagajo.Compact Printed-On-CD UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007IEEE.pp.5455-5458
[38]Matti Nikkari,Toni Bj(o|¨)rninen,Leena Ukkonen,Fan Yang,Atef Elsherbeni,Lauri Syd(a|¨)nheimo,Markku Kivikoski.Design and Comparison Between Two General Purpose Dipole Type UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[39]Wonkyu Choi,H.W.Son,Chansoo Shin,Ji-Hoon Bae,Gilyoung Choi.RFID tag antenna with a meandered dipole and inductively coupled feed[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.619-622
[40]Young-Joon Ahn,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Sung-Joo Kim,Myun-Joo Park,Yong-Seek Chung,and Byungje Lee.Electrically Small Loop Antenna for UHF Band RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE
[41]G.Marrocco.RFID Antenna for The UHF monitoring of Human bodies[J].IEEE 数据库.pp.51-56
[42]李强,赖声礼,朱海龙.一种小型化圆形UHF频段RFID标签天线的设计[J].科学技术与工程.2008年1月.第8卷,第1期.pp.187-190
[43]Goojo Kim,Yongkwon Park,You Chung Chung.Circular UHF RFID Tag Antenna and Relationship between Reading Range and RCS of the Tag Antenna[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.1757-1760
[44]Naoto KOGO,Susumu NAKAZAWA,Toru IWASAKI,Shoji TANAKA,Kazuyoshi SHOGEN,Koichi ITO.Folded Type Rectangular Loop Antenna in UHF Band[J].Proceedings of iWAT2008,Chiba,Japan,P305.pp.434-437
[45]Kyounghwan Lee,You Chung Chung.High Gain Yagi-Uda UHF RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00(?)2007 IEEE.pp.1753-1756
[46]胡汝刚.UHF频段射频识别系统天线研究[学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.5
[47]Mitsuo Taguchi,Takashi Fukahori,and Hideaki Shimoda.Loop Antenna Located on Magnetic Plate for RFID Tag[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[48]谭立容,刘豫东,顾斌.UHF防金属标签天线设计技术综述[J].中国自动识别技术.2008年12月.第6期.pp.43-44
[49]Bo Gao,Chi Ho Cheng,Matthew M.F.YuenI,Ross D.Murch.Low Cost Passive UHF RFID Packaging with Electromagnetic Band Gap(EBG) Substrate for Metal Objects[J].2007 Electronic Components and Technology Conference.pp.974-978
[50]Qiu-zhen Chen and Bin-jie Hu.Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on the metallic objects[J].ICMMT 2008 proceeding.
[51]Byunggil Yu,Sung-Joo Kim,Byungwoon Jung,Frances J.Harackiewicz,Myun-Joo Park,and Byungje Lee.Balanced RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Plates.1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.3237-3240
[52]Wonkyu Choi,Jungsuk Kim,Ji-Hoon Bae,Gilyoung Choi.A small RFID tag antenna to identify metallic objects[J].978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[53]R.Mittra and A.Hoenschel.Some Novel Designs for RFID Antennas and their Performance Enhancement with Metamaterials[J].1-4244-1035-5/07/$ 25.00.2007IEEE.pp.1-3
[54]H.-W.Son.Design of RFID tag antenna for metallic surfaces using lossy substrate[J].ELECTRONICS LETTERS.5th June 2008.Vol.44 No.12
[55]周永明,赖晓铮,赖声礼,张瑞娜.基于缝隙的射频识别标签天线设计[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2007年9月.第35卷第9期.pp.6-10
[56]Wei-Chung Weng and charles T.M.Choi.Optimal Design of CPW Slot Antennas Using Tagnchi's Method[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS.MARCH 2009.VOL.45,NO.3.pp.1542-1549
[57]Jin-Sen Chen.Studies of CPW-Fed Equilateral Triangular-Ring Slot Antennas and Triangular-Ring Slot Coupled Patch Antennas[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION.JULY 2005.VOL.53,NO.7.pp.2208-2211
[58]K.H.Kim,J.G.Song,D.H.Kim,H.S.Hu and J.H.Park.RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic surfaces and matching method by parasitic patches[J]. 978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00(?)2008 IEEE.
[59]C.Cho,H.Choo and I.Park.Design of planar RFID tag antenna for metallic objects[J].ELECTRONICS LETTERS.31 st January 2008.Vol.44 No.3
[60]Johan Sid(?)n,Hans-Erik Nilsson,Andrey Koptyug and Torbj(o|¨)rn Olsson.A Distanced RFID Dipole for a Metallic Supply Chain Label[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006IEEE.pp.3229-3232
[61]Joel T.Prothro,Gregory D.Durgin,and Joshua D.Griffin.The Effects of a Metal Ground Plane on RFID Tag Antennas[J].1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00(?)2006 IEEE.pp.3241-3244
[62]Kanik Arora,Hugo Mallinson,Anand Kulkami,James Brusey and Duncan McFarlane.The Practical Feasibility of Using RFID in a Metal Environment[J].IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the WCNC 2007proceedings.pp.1681-1685
[63]Lingfei Mo,Hong Jian Zhang.RFID Antenna Near the Surface of Metal[J].IEEE 2007International Symposium on Microwave,Antenna,Propagation,and EMC Technologies For Wireless Communications.pp.803-806