UHF RFID系统标签天线快速设计与测量
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摘要
射频识别(RFID)技术是利用电磁场的感应和辐射实现双向通信的一种自动识别技术。近年来,射频识别系统的应用领域日益扩大。相对于低频段的射频识别系统,工作在860MHz-960MHz的超高频段射频识别系统有着读取距离较远,阅读速度较快等优点,是目前国际上RFID技术发展的热点。读写距离是RFID系统中重要的关键参数之一,它由标签天线的增益、标签天线与芯片间的匹配程度以及芯片的读写开启电压所决定,所以标签天线可以说是RFID系统中最重要的部件,因此RFID标签天线的快速设计和测试的研究对RFID技术的成熟和广泛应用具有理论意义和实用价值。
本文致力于解决UHF RFID标签天线设计所出现的问题。因此本文在简要介绍RFID系统的工作原理、分类以及UHF RFID标签天线的设计和测量所需要的电磁学知识的基础上,主要研究了RFID标签天线的快速设计、测量以及基于金属表面的标签天线的设计。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：(1)提出了两款结构的RFID标签天线,通过调节天线的2个关键尺寸,可以使天线与标签芯片(输入阻抗实部Rchip在(10～80)Ω范围,虚部Xship在(-600～50)Ω范围,且Xchip=-(5～10)*Rchip)在840MHz-930MHz频率范围内的反射系数SH<-10dB。然后结合关键尺寸和神经网络建模,完成了天线的快速设计和优化。(2)在介绍了UHF RFID标签天线阻抗测量方法的基础上,针对同轴测量系统,提出了一种简单准确的标签天线输入阻抗测量方法：基于电磁仿真的阻抗测量方法,并采用此方法对一款标签天线进行测量,测量结果与基于双端口S参数的测量方法的测量结果以及仿真结果都符合较好。(3)从理论上研究分析了金属表面对标签天线输入阻抗以及方向图的影响,并总结了目前论文中已有的基于金属表面的标签天线的三种结构并给出了各种结构的优缺点。同时给出了一款应用于烟盒内表面的标签天线。
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic non-contact bidirectional communication identification technology taking advantage of electromagnetic induction and radiation. In recent year, RFID systems are applied in more and more fields, and they have been involved in many aspects of people's daily life. Comparing with 13.56MHz RFID system,860MHz-960MHz UHF RFID system has farther reading distance and faster speed, etc. Nowadays, it has become a hot spot in RFID research. Reading distance is the most important aspect of an RFID system's performance. It is dependent on the gain of tag antenna, the power transmission coefficient which is determined by the matching between tag antenna and microchip, and the power sensitivity. So the tag antenna which determines the system's reading range plays a key role in the overall RFID system.
This paper is committed to solve the problems in the research on the design of UHF RFID tag antenna. This paper first introduces working principle, common frequency band, the problems it's now facing of the RFID system and the knowledge of electromagnetic which is needed in the design and measure of UHF RFID tag antenna. Then mainly research on the quick design and measurement of RFID tag antenna and tag antenna design based on metallic surface. The main work of this paper are:(1) In the third chapter of this paper, two structures of RFID tag antenna proposed for RFID tag antenna quick design and optimization. The two proposed antennas present at least 90MHz (840～930MHz) bandwidth for microchip impedance between (10-j80)Ωand (80-j600)Ωunder the condition of reflection coefficient S11 less than-10dB by changing the antenna's two key parameters. Then using the ANN models
of the two antennas, we can realize the quick design and optimization of the UHF RFID tag antenna. (2) The existed methods to measure the input impedance of UHF RFID tag antenna was first introduced in first section of the forth chapter, then EM simulation based measurement method are proposed in this paper. It is a de-embedding method based on EM simulation for accurate RFID tag antenna measurement using coaxial line and SMA connector. The measurement result agrees well with the result of the equivalent two ports scattering matrix measurement method and the simulated result. (3)The fifth chapter is focus on the research and analyze of the impact of metallic surface on the input impedance, directional diagram and the gain of the RFID tag antenna. And then summarize the three main antenna structures used on the metallic surface and also give the merit and demerit of these three structures.
本文致力于解决UHF RFID标签天线设计所出现的问题。因此本文在简要介绍RFID系统的工作原理、分类以及UHF RFID标签天线的设计和测量所需要的电磁学知识的基础上,主要研究了RFID标签天线的快速设计、测量以及基于金属表面的标签天线的设计。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：(1)提出了两款结构的RFID标签天线,通过调节天线的2个关键尺寸,可以使天线与标签芯片(输入阻抗实部Rchip在(10～80)Ω范围,虚部Xship在(-600～50)Ω范围,且Xchip=-(5～10)*Rchip)在840MHz-930MHz频率范围内的反射系数SH<-10dB。然后结合关键尺寸和神经网络建模,完成了天线的快速设计和优化。(2)在介绍了UHF RFID标签天线阻抗测量方法的基础上,针对同轴测量系统,提出了一种简单准确的标签天线输入阻抗测量方法：基于电磁仿真的阻抗测量方法,并采用此方法对一款标签天线进行测量,测量结果与基于双端口S参数的测量方法的测量结果以及仿真结果都符合较好。(3)从理论上研究分析了金属表面对标签天线输入阻抗以及方向图的影响,并总结了目前论文中已有的基于金属表面的标签天线的三种结构并给出了各种结构的优缺点。同时给出了一款应用于烟盒内表面的标签天线。
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic non-contact bidirectional communication identification technology taking advantage of electromagnetic induction and radiation. In recent year, RFID systems are applied in more and more fields, and they have been involved in many aspects of people's daily life. Comparing with 13.56MHz RFID system,860MHz-960MHz UHF RFID system has farther reading distance and faster speed, etc. Nowadays, it has become a hot spot in RFID research. Reading distance is the most important aspect of an RFID system's performance. It is dependent on the gain of tag antenna, the power transmission coefficient which is determined by the matching between tag antenna and microchip, and the power sensitivity. So the tag antenna which determines the system's reading range plays a key role in the overall RFID system.
This paper is committed to solve the problems in the research on the design of UHF RFID tag antenna. This paper first introduces working principle, common frequency band, the problems it's now facing of the RFID system and the knowledge of electromagnetic which is needed in the design and measure of UHF RFID tag antenna. Then mainly research on the quick design and measurement of RFID tag antenna and tag antenna design based on metallic surface. The main work of this paper are:(1) In the third chapter of this paper, two structures of RFID tag antenna proposed for RFID tag antenna quick design and optimization. The two proposed antennas present at least 90MHz (840～930MHz) bandwidth for microchip impedance between (10-j80)Ωand (80-j600)Ωunder the condition of reflection coefficient S11 less than-10dB by changing the antenna's two key parameters. Then using the ANN models
of the two antennas, we can realize the quick design and optimization of the UHF RFID tag antenna. (2) The existed methods to measure the input impedance of UHF RFID tag antenna was first introduced in first section of the forth chapter, then EM simulation based measurement method are proposed in this paper. It is a de-embedding method based on EM simulation for accurate RFID tag antenna measurement using coaxial line and SMA connector. The measurement result agrees well with the result of the equivalent two ports scattering matrix measurement method and the simulated result. (3)The fifth chapter is focus on the research and analyze of the impact of metallic surface on the input impedance, directional diagram and the gain of the RFID tag antenna. And then summarize the three main antenna structures used on the metallic surface and also give the merit and demerit of these three structures.
引文
[1]朗为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用.机械工业出版社,2006：46-47
[2]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳等.RFID技术系统工程与应用指南.机械工业出版社,2007：1-3
[3]范红梅RFID技术研究[硕士学位论文].浙江大学,2006：45-46
[4]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例.人民邮电出版社,2006：12-14,19-20,21-22,27-28
[5]Udo Karthaus, andMartin Fischer.Fully Integrated Passive UHF RFID TransPonder IC With 16.7-μW Minimum RF Input Power[J].IEEE Jounral of Solid-State Cicruits,2003,38(10):1602-1608
[6]Jari-Pascal Curty.Remotely Powered Addressable UHF RFID Intergrated System. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL.40, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2005
[7]尹应增.微波射频识别技术研究[博士学位论文].西安电子科技大学,2002：42-43,44-45
[8]梁远亮.UHF频段无源标签芯片射频部分的研究与开发[硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2006：16-21
[9]Zhi Ning Chen.Antennas for portable Device Chichester:John Wiely&Sons, Ltd,2007,70-72,81-83
[10]Xu Zhishu, Li Xiuping., Aperture Coupling Two-layered Dual-band RFID Reader Antenna Design. IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology.2008.4 Vol.3, pp.1218-1221.
[11]徐志枢RFID读写器及天线研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2009
[12]廖剑锟.UHF频段RFID读写器近场天线研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2010
[13]Li Xiuping, Liao Jiankun,"Segmented Coupling Eye-shape UHF band Near Field Antenna Design",2009 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,Dec.2009
[14]Liao Jiankun, Li Xiuping, "A low-cost impedance measurement method for UHF band RFID near field antenna ", International Conference on Communication Technology and Application 2009, Oct.2009,pp32-35
[15][德]Klaus Finkenzeller著.陈大才编译,射频识别技术(RFID)[M],第二版, 北京：电子工业出版社,2001,78-79.
[16]李秀萍,刘禹,曹海鹰,基于RFID应用的小型化印刷偶极子天线设计,北京邮电大学学报,2006.10,Vol.29,pp75-78.
[17]谭娟娟,李秀萍,新型双UT结构宽频带RFID标签天线设计,电子器件,2008年第31卷第5期P1643-1646.
[18]Li Zhang, Xiuping Li, A new resonant frequency tunable RFID tag antenna design. International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter wave Technology,1222-1225
[19]Rao, K.; Lam, S. F.; Nikitin, P. V.Wideband metal mount UHF RFID tag, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE,2008,1-4
[20]Ghiotto, A.; Cantalice, S. F.; Vuong, T. P. Miniaturized patch antenna for the Radio Frequency Identification of metallic objects, Microwave Symposium Digest,2008 IEEE MTT-S International,2008,583-586
[21]UPM Raflatac,www.upmraflatac.com
[22]Avery Dennison,www.rfid.averydennison.com
[23]Alien Technology, www.alientechnology,com
[24]RSI ID Technologies, www.rsiidtech.com
[25]TAGSYS, www.tagsysrfid.com
[26]远望谷：http://www.ywgit.cn/main.asp
[27]永道无线射频标签(扬州)有限公司http://www.ydrtkl.com/
[28]杨儒贵.电磁场与电磁波(第2版).高等教育出版社.2006
[29]钟顺时著,高等天线理论,西安电子科技大学,1988
[30]钟顺时,钮茂德著,电磁场理论基础,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
[31]R.F.哈林登著,孟侃译,正弦电磁场,上海科学出版社,1964
[32]陈达章等著,工程电动力学,国防工业出版社,1984
[33]R. E. Collin, Field Theory of Guided waves, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,1960
[34]魏文元等著,天线原理,国防工业出版社,1985
[35]谢处方,邱文杰著,天线原理与设计,西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[36]宋铮,张建华,黄治著,天线与电波传播,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[37]C.A.Balanis, Antenna Theory.Analysis and Design, Second Edition, New York John Wiley&Sons Inc.,1997
[38]李秀萍,高建军,微波射频测量技术基础,机械工业出版社.2007.6
[39]李秀萍,高建军,射频与微波工程实践导论,电子工业出版社.2009.1
[40]Li Xiuping, Gao Jianjun, Boeck Georg. Printed Dipole Antenna Design Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling for RFID Application[J]. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering,2006,16(6), 607-611
[41]杨燕.基于神经网络的RFID标签天线的优化仿真软件系统研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2010：22-24
[42]Kin Seong Leong, Mun Leng Ng and Peter H.Cole 'Investigation of RFID Cable Effect on RFID Tag Antenna Impedance Measurement' IEEE 2007
[43]Hailong Zhu; Y.C. Andrew Ko; Impedance Measurement for Balanced UHF RFID Tag Antenna, IEEE RWS2010:128-131
[44]C. Cho, H. Choo, I. Park:'Design of planar RFID tag antenna for metallic objects', Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No3.
[45]L.Mo, H. Zhang, H, Zhou:'Broadband UHF RFID tag antenna with a pair of U slots mountable on metallic objects', Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No20
[46]K.H.Kim, J.GSong, D.H.Hu, J.H.Park:'RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic surfaces and matching method by parasitic patches'IEEE 2008
[47]Qiu-zhen Chen, Bin-jie Hu:'Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on metallic objects'IEEE 2008
[48]H.Kwon, B.Lee:'Compact slotted planar inverted-F RFID tag mountable on metallic objects' Electron. Letter 2005 Vol.41 No24.
[49]J.-S.Kim, W.Choi,G.-Y.Choi:'UHF RFID tag antenna using two PIFAs embedded in metallic objects' Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No20
[50]Wongyu. Choi,Jungsuk Kim, Ji-Hoon Bae, Gilyoung Choi:'25. A small RFID tag antenna to identify metallic objects'IEEE 2008
[51]M.Hirvonen, P.Pursula, K.Jaakkola,K.Laukkanen:'Planar inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification'Electron. Letter 2004 Vol.40 No.14
[52]Sung-Joo Kim, Byunggil Yu, Young-Seek Chung:'Patch-type radio frequency identification tag antenna mountable on metallic platforms'Microwave and optical technology letters 2006 Vol.48 No.12
[53]Byunggil, Sung-Joo Kim, Byungwoon Jung, Frances J. Harackiewicz:' Balanced RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Plates' IEEE 2006
[54]A.Ghiooto,S.F.Cantalice:"Miniaturized Patch Antenna for the Radio Frequency Identification of Metallic Objects'IEEE 2008
[55]J.-Y. Park J.-M. Woo:'Miniaturised dual-band S-shaped RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic surface', ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2008 Vol.44 No.23
[56]Wonkyu Choi, Jeong-Seok Kim, Ji-Hoon Bae, Gil-Young Choi Jong-Seok Chae:' Small RFID tag antenna for metallic surface'IEEE 2008
[57]Jeong-Seok Kim, Wonkyu Choi, Gil-Young Choi Jong-Suk Cha:' Ceramic Patch Antenna using inductive coupled feed for UHF RFID Tai Mountable On Metallic Obiects'IEEE 2008
[58]Sung-Lin Chen, Ken-Huang Lin:'2. A Slim RFID Tag Antenna Design for Metallic Object Applications' ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS.VOL.7.2008
[59]DonQho Kim,Junho Yeo:'9. Low-Profile RFID Tag Antenna Using Compact AMC Substrate for Metallic Objects' ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS. VOL.7.2008
[60]Jaehoon Choi. Uisheon Kim. Youngman Um and Dongmin Shir:'Design of Antennas for the UHF RFID System'Proceedings of iWAT2008, Chiba, Japan
[61]Pub. No.:US 2008/0129511 Al United States Patent Application Publication
[2]谭民,刘禹,曾隽芳等.RFID技术系统工程与应用指南.机械工业出版社,2007：1-3
[3]范红梅RFID技术研究[硕士学位论文].浙江大学,2006：45-46
[4]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例.人民邮电出版社,2006：12-14,19-20,21-22,27-28
[5]Udo Karthaus, andMartin Fischer.Fully Integrated Passive UHF RFID TransPonder IC With 16.7-μW Minimum RF Input Power[J].IEEE Jounral of Solid-State Cicruits,2003,38(10):1602-1608
[6]Jari-Pascal Curty.Remotely Powered Addressable UHF RFID Intergrated System. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL.40, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2005
[7]尹应增.微波射频识别技术研究[博士学位论文].西安电子科技大学,2002：42-43,44-45
[8]梁远亮.UHF频段无源标签芯片射频部分的研究与开发[硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2006：16-21
[9]Zhi Ning Chen.Antennas for portable Device Chichester:John Wiely&Sons, Ltd,2007,70-72,81-83
[10]Xu Zhishu, Li Xiuping., Aperture Coupling Two-layered Dual-band RFID Reader Antenna Design. IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology.2008.4 Vol.3, pp.1218-1221.
[11]徐志枢RFID读写器及天线研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2009
[12]廖剑锟.UHF频段RFID读写器近场天线研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2010
[13]Li Xiuping, Liao Jiankun,"Segmented Coupling Eye-shape UHF band Near Field Antenna Design",2009 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,Dec.2009
[14]Liao Jiankun, Li Xiuping, "A low-cost impedance measurement method for UHF band RFID near field antenna ", International Conference on Communication Technology and Application 2009, Oct.2009,pp32-35
[15][德]Klaus Finkenzeller著.陈大才编译,射频识别技术(RFID)[M],第二版, 北京：电子工业出版社,2001,78-79.
[16]李秀萍,刘禹,曹海鹰,基于RFID应用的小型化印刷偶极子天线设计,北京邮电大学学报,2006.10,Vol.29,pp75-78.
[17]谭娟娟,李秀萍,新型双UT结构宽频带RFID标签天线设计,电子器件,2008年第31卷第5期P1643-1646.
[18]Li Zhang, Xiuping Li, A new resonant frequency tunable RFID tag antenna design. International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter wave Technology,1222-1225
[19]Rao, K.; Lam, S. F.; Nikitin, P. V.Wideband metal mount UHF RFID tag, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE,2008,1-4
[20]Ghiotto, A.; Cantalice, S. F.; Vuong, T. P. Miniaturized patch antenna for the Radio Frequency Identification of metallic objects, Microwave Symposium Digest,2008 IEEE MTT-S International,2008,583-586
[21]UPM Raflatac,www.upmraflatac.com
[22]Avery Dennison,www.rfid.averydennison.com
[23]Alien Technology, www.alientechnology,com
[24]RSI ID Technologies, www.rsiidtech.com
[25]TAGSYS, www.tagsysrfid.com
[26]远望谷：http://www.ywgit.cn/main.asp
[27]永道无线射频标签(扬州)有限公司http://www.ydrtkl.com/
[28]杨儒贵.电磁场与电磁波(第2版).高等教育出版社.2006
[29]钟顺时著,高等天线理论,西安电子科技大学,1988
[30]钟顺时,钮茂德著,电磁场理论基础,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
[31]R.F.哈林登著,孟侃译,正弦电磁场,上海科学出版社,1964
[32]陈达章等著,工程电动力学,国防工业出版社,1984
[33]R. E. Collin, Field Theory of Guided waves, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,1960
[34]魏文元等著,天线原理,国防工业出版社,1985
[35]谢处方,邱文杰著,天线原理与设计,西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[36]宋铮,张建华,黄治著,天线与电波传播,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[37]C.A.Balanis, Antenna Theory.Analysis and Design, Second Edition, New York John Wiley&Sons Inc.,1997
[38]李秀萍,高建军,微波射频测量技术基础,机械工业出版社.2007.6
[39]李秀萍,高建军,射频与微波工程实践导论,电子工业出版社.2009.1
[40]Li Xiuping, Gao Jianjun, Boeck Georg. Printed Dipole Antenna Design Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling for RFID Application[J]. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering,2006,16(6), 607-611
[41]杨燕.基于神经网络的RFID标签天线的优化仿真软件系统研究[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2010：22-24
[42]Kin Seong Leong, Mun Leng Ng and Peter H.Cole 'Investigation of RFID Cable Effect on RFID Tag Antenna Impedance Measurement' IEEE 2007
[43]Hailong Zhu; Y.C. Andrew Ko; Impedance Measurement for Balanced UHF RFID Tag Antenna, IEEE RWS2010:128-131
[44]C. Cho, H. Choo, I. Park:'Design of planar RFID tag antenna for metallic objects', Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No3.
[45]L.Mo, H. Zhang, H, Zhou:'Broadband UHF RFID tag antenna with a pair of U slots mountable on metallic objects', Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No20
[46]K.H.Kim, J.GSong, D.H.Hu, J.H.Park:'RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic surfaces and matching method by parasitic patches'IEEE 2008
[47]Qiu-zhen Chen, Bin-jie Hu:'Novel UHF RFID tag antenna with shorted stubs mountable on metallic objects'IEEE 2008
[48]H.Kwon, B.Lee:'Compact slotted planar inverted-F RFID tag mountable on metallic objects' Electron. Letter 2005 Vol.41 No24.
[49]J.-S.Kim, W.Choi,G.-Y.Choi:'UHF RFID tag antenna using two PIFAs embedded in metallic objects' Electron. Letter 2008 Vol.44 No20
[50]Wongyu. Choi,Jungsuk Kim, Ji-Hoon Bae, Gilyoung Choi:'25. A small RFID tag antenna to identify metallic objects'IEEE 2008
[51]M.Hirvonen, P.Pursula, K.Jaakkola,K.Laukkanen:'Planar inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification'Electron. Letter 2004 Vol.40 No.14
[52]Sung-Joo Kim, Byunggil Yu, Young-Seek Chung:'Patch-type radio frequency identification tag antenna mountable on metallic platforms'Microwave and optical technology letters 2006 Vol.48 No.12
[53]Byunggil, Sung-Joo Kim, Byungwoon Jung, Frances J. Harackiewicz:' Balanced RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Plates' IEEE 2006
[54]A.Ghiooto,S.F.Cantalice:"Miniaturized Patch Antenna for the Radio Frequency Identification of Metallic Objects'IEEE 2008
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