基于虚拟仪器的汽车ABS检测试验台测控系统研究
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摘要
随着全球范围内的汽车保有量、车速以及道路行车密度的增加,由汽车引发的交通事故也在急剧增加。汽车ABS的应用不仅有效地保障了行车安全,同时也给汽车检测维修行业带来了新的问题:在目前众多关于ABS的检测方法和设备中,有的操作繁琐复杂、费时费力;有的只能检测ABS的电路故障,不能对ABS整体性能进行检测;有的虽能对ABS性能进行检测,但检测时间较长、效率低,而且无法模拟不同附着系数的路面,也就无法模拟ABS在低附着系数路面上的工作状态,不能实现ABS工作效能的快速准确检测,无法满足高效率、智能化检测的需求,因此需要研究开发新型的汽车ABS检测试验台。
本文根据现代自动化检测的实际需要,对汽车ABS检测试验台进行了改进设计,并通过分析汽车ABS检测试验台的检测原理,得出了试验台模拟路面制动的控制模型;同时,通过对汽车在检测试验台上制动时的能量变化进行理论分析,提出了能量的分段补偿方法,并建立了相应的数学模型。
根据汽车ABS检测试验台测控要求,给出了本试验台测控系统的硬件总体结构。并对本试验台测控系统的主要执行元件:异步电动机、变频器及磁粉离合器等主要部件分别进行了选型。选择LabVIEW作为软件开发平台,进行了检测程序的总体设计。
由于试验条件有限,本文仅对变附着系数多种路面的控制方法进行了仿真试验。
With the development of automobile transportation and the increase ofrunning velocity of automobile, security problem in running process is paid moreand more attention. Manipulating stability is improved greatly in the brakingprocess of automobile with ABS. As a result, automobile running security isensured in a certain extent. However, the use of vehicle and some other factorsmaybe result in the decline of automobile ABS' working performance ormalfunction that may lead to hidden fault deteriorating automobile running security.Therefore, it is necessary for the automobile ABS to be detected to find the faultand further maintain or replace so that people can take the above steps to preventthe traffic accident and the loss of lives and property.
Detection methods for automobile ABS are either complicated in manipulatingprocess or only used to detect electro-circuit fault not to detect the comprehensiveperformance of automobile ABS.the primitive roller -tester for ABS can't simulatevarious road surface with certain attachment coefficient, so it is impossible ofdetecting rapidly and accurately and can't meet the detection requirement for highefficiency and intelligence even after updated. So it is significant to design a newtype of tester with advanced function for automobile ABS performance.
The automobile ABS tester has some advanced performance as follows:
1. Realizing adjustable rotative velocity
Ac. Motor, only used for constant speed condition, is widely applied intraditional tester of automobile braking performance which can't meet therequirement for adjustable rotative velocity of roller. Roller system is added with a
transmission that achieves only stepped-speed in complicated mechanical structure.In the new tester system, Roller rotative velocity, namely, wheel rotativevelocity, is controlled accurately by adjusting the rotative velocity of electric motorthrough ac. frequency speed governor by means of controlling power-supplyfrequency of ac. Motor.2. Realizing simulating various road surface conditionsIn order to detect and evaluate the performance of automobile ABS on variousroad surfaces with certain attachment coefficient, it adopts magnetic particle clutchwhich is used to simulate various conditions of road surface and realizes detectionof automobile ABS performance on different road with different attachmentcoefficient.3. Realizing accurate and real-time compensation of automobile kinetic energyRotative kinetic energy of flywheel and roller of traditional tester ofautomobile braking performance is equal to the kinetic energy of automobile whenit runs on road. Kinetic energy to be simulated is various when the automobile isbraked at the same speed according to its quantity. Traditional tester of automobilebraking performance adopts several flywheels to meet the need of detection forautomobiles with different quantity. Automobile kinetic energy is not simulatedaccurately by the rotative kinetic energy of mechanical equipment with finiteinertia .It Realizes accurate and real-time compensation of automobile kineticenergy to improve measurement precision by using one flywheel and one motor.In this paper methods to achieve the functions above are studied thoroughly,And it applies virtual instrument (VI) technology in the testing and controllingsystem of automobile ABS tester. In view of velocity's changing rule whenautomobile is braked, virtual instrument testing and controlling system ofautomobile ABS tester is constructed in the controlling method ,which usescomputer and variable frequency speed control technology, powered asynchronousmotor, using magnetic particle clutch as power source, applying the abundanthardware source of industrial computer and based on developing platform ofLabVIEW.This paper involves mainly the following aspects:
1. Tester of automobile ABS is redesigned to get improved and given thecontrolling model by analyzing the testing theory of automobile ABS tester;energycompensation stepped method is stated by analyzing the energy changing theory inbraking process on tester and its corresponding mathematic model is built.2. General hardware structure of testing and controlling system of tester isbuilt according to the requirement of automobile ABS tester. Functions and traits ofthe main implement parts like asynchronous motor, frequency converter andmagnetic particle clutch and so on are introduced and the product type is identified.At the same time, the working theory and performance of moment-speed sensorand multi-function data acquisition card are introduced briefly.3. Software system is designed. LabVIEW, as software platform, is used todevelop the testing program applying module programming theory. Softwarestructure of VI and its implement method are addressed, and various functionmodules' programming flow and the key technology are argued in detail.Application program software analyzes the signal gained by computer and providesthe testing result of automobile ABS.4. The testing system checkout is experienced through simulation. The resultof the simulation indicate the control means is feasible. It can simulate the differentroad with different attachment coefficient by controlling the magnetic particleclutch.The VI testing and controlling system in this paper should be improved infuture for some factors like time restrictions and financial shortage, and so on.
本文根据现代自动化检测的实际需要,对汽车ABS检测试验台进行了改进设计,并通过分析汽车ABS检测试验台的检测原理,得出了试验台模拟路面制动的控制模型;同时,通过对汽车在检测试验台上制动时的能量变化进行理论分析,提出了能量的分段补偿方法,并建立了相应的数学模型。
根据汽车ABS检测试验台测控要求,给出了本试验台测控系统的硬件总体结构。并对本试验台测控系统的主要执行元件:异步电动机、变频器及磁粉离合器等主要部件分别进行了选型。选择LabVIEW作为软件开发平台,进行了检测程序的总体设计。
由于试验条件有限,本文仅对变附着系数多种路面的控制方法进行了仿真试验。
With the development of automobile transportation and the increase ofrunning velocity of automobile, security problem in running process is paid moreand more attention. Manipulating stability is improved greatly in the brakingprocess of automobile with ABS. As a result, automobile running security isensured in a certain extent. However, the use of vehicle and some other factorsmaybe result in the decline of automobile ABS' working performance ormalfunction that may lead to hidden fault deteriorating automobile running security.Therefore, it is necessary for the automobile ABS to be detected to find the faultand further maintain or replace so that people can take the above steps to preventthe traffic accident and the loss of lives and property.
Detection methods for automobile ABS are either complicated in manipulatingprocess or only used to detect electro-circuit fault not to detect the comprehensiveperformance of automobile ABS.the primitive roller -tester for ABS can't simulatevarious road surface with certain attachment coefficient, so it is impossible ofdetecting rapidly and accurately and can't meet the detection requirement for highefficiency and intelligence even after updated. So it is significant to design a newtype of tester with advanced function for automobile ABS performance.
The automobile ABS tester has some advanced performance as follows:
1. Realizing adjustable rotative velocity
Ac. Motor, only used for constant speed condition, is widely applied intraditional tester of automobile braking performance which can't meet therequirement for adjustable rotative velocity of roller. Roller system is added with a
transmission that achieves only stepped-speed in complicated mechanical structure.In the new tester system, Roller rotative velocity, namely, wheel rotativevelocity, is controlled accurately by adjusting the rotative velocity of electric motorthrough ac. frequency speed governor by means of controlling power-supplyfrequency of ac. Motor.2. Realizing simulating various road surface conditionsIn order to detect and evaluate the performance of automobile ABS on variousroad surfaces with certain attachment coefficient, it adopts magnetic particle clutchwhich is used to simulate various conditions of road surface and realizes detectionof automobile ABS performance on different road with different attachmentcoefficient.3. Realizing accurate and real-time compensation of automobile kinetic energyRotative kinetic energy of flywheel and roller of traditional tester ofautomobile braking performance is equal to the kinetic energy of automobile whenit runs on road. Kinetic energy to be simulated is various when the automobile isbraked at the same speed according to its quantity. Traditional tester of automobilebraking performance adopts several flywheels to meet the need of detection forautomobiles with different quantity. Automobile kinetic energy is not simulatedaccurately by the rotative kinetic energy of mechanical equipment with finiteinertia .It Realizes accurate and real-time compensation of automobile kineticenergy to improve measurement precision by using one flywheel and one motor.In this paper methods to achieve the functions above are studied thoroughly,And it applies virtual instrument (VI) technology in the testing and controllingsystem of automobile ABS tester. In view of velocity's changing rule whenautomobile is braked, virtual instrument testing and controlling system ofautomobile ABS tester is constructed in the controlling method ,which usescomputer and variable frequency speed control technology, powered asynchronousmotor, using magnetic particle clutch as power source, applying the abundanthardware source of industrial computer and based on developing platform ofLabVIEW.This paper involves mainly the following aspects:
1. Tester of automobile ABS is redesigned to get improved and given thecontrolling model by analyzing the testing theory of automobile ABS tester;energycompensation stepped method is stated by analyzing the energy changing theory inbraking process on tester and its corresponding mathematic model is built.2. General hardware structure of testing and controlling system of tester isbuilt according to the requirement of automobile ABS tester. Functions and traits ofthe main implement parts like asynchronous motor, frequency converter andmagnetic particle clutch and so on are introduced and the product type is identified.At the same time, the working theory and performance of moment-speed sensorand multi-function data acquisition card are introduced briefly.3. Software system is designed. LabVIEW, as software platform, is used todevelop the testing program applying module programming theory. Softwarestructure of VI and its implement method are addressed, and various functionmodules' programming flow and the key technology are argued in detail.Application program software analyzes the signal gained by computer and providesthe testing result of automobile ABS.4. The testing system checkout is experienced through simulation. The resultof the simulation indicate the control means is feasible. It can simulate the differentroad with different attachment coefficient by controlling the magnetic particleclutch.The VI testing and controlling system in this paper should be improved infuture for some factors like time restrictions and financial shortage, and so on.
引文
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[2].杨运生.整车 ABS 性能检测台的模糊控制与仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2002 年:7～9
[3].黎军.汽车制动电子控制系统检测与维修[M].人民交通出版社,2004 年第一版:2～5
[4].王海宝,吴光杰,谭泽富,聂祥飞.LabVIEW 虚拟仪器程序设计与应用[M].西南交通大学出版社,2005 年第一版:1～2;154～181
[5].曹玲芝.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2004 年第一版:151～157
[6].秦树人.虚拟仪器[M].中国计量出版社,2004 年第一版:3～14
[7].赵会兵.虚拟仪器技术规范与系统集成[M].清华大学出版社,北方交通大学出版社,2003 年第一版:5～20
[8].杨乐平,李海涛,肖凯等.虚拟仪器技术概论[M].电子工业出版社,2002:5～7
[9].王维,刘建农,何光里.汽车制动性检测[M].人民交通出版社,2005 年第一版:2～17;162～179
[10].周求湛,钱志鸿,刘萍萍,戴宏亮.虚拟仪器与 LabVIEW7 Express 程序设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2004 年第一版:36～40
[11].余志生.汽车理论[M].机械工业出版社,1997 年第三版:71～86
[12].盛朝强,谢昭莉.基于电惯量的汽车惯性式制动试验系统的设计[J].重庆大学学报,第 28 卷第 1 期:90～92
[13].宋年秀,杜彦蕊.汽车防抱死制动系统/安全气囊系统[M].人民交通出版社,2004 年第一版:10
[14].谭茀娃,金如麟,谢宝昌.电机拖动与控制基础[M].上海交通大学出版社,2002 年第一版:16～20
[15].姚光国,魏启超.电机及拖动控制[M].上海交通大学出版社,1995 年 8 月第一版:25～26
[16].郑堤,唐可洪.机电一体化设计基础[M].机械工业出版社,2001 年第一版:82～85;186～187;235～236
[17].顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础[M].机械工业出版社,1980 年第一版:65
[18].邓星钟.机电传动控制[M].华中科技大学出版社,2001 年第三版:67～71
[19].曹家喆.现代汽车检测诊断技术[M].清华大学出版社,2003 年第一版:49～60
[20].高玉民,王正润.ABS 防抱制动系统[M].福建科学技术出版社,2001 年第一版:2～10
[21].程军.汽车防抱死制动系统的理论与实践[M].北京理工大学出版社,1999 年第一版:20～25
[22].王仁祥,王小曼.通用变频器选型、应用与维护[M].人民邮电出版社,2005 年第一版:29～34;230～236
[23].吴忠智,黄立培,吴加林.调速用变频器及配套设备选用指南[M].机械工业出版社,2000 年第一版:8～16
[24].戴广平编著.电动机变频器与电力拖动[M].中国石化出版社,1999 年第一版:
[25].王延才,王伟.变频器原理及应用[M].机械工业出版社,2005 年第一版:92～111
[26].王仁祥.通用变频器选型与维修技术[M].中国电力出版社,2004年第一版
[27].黄立培,张学.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[M].人民邮电出版社,1998
[28].赵耀东.浅谈变频调速器的基本原理及其应用[J].山西能源与节能,2002 年 12月第四期:25～27
[29].田金铭编著.磁粉离合器设计与应用[M].江苏科学技术出版社,1981 年第一版:140～149
[30].星云仪表厂译.磁粉离合器与制动器[M].国防工业出版社,1978 年第一版:20
[31].张光荣.磁粉离合器和磁粉制动器的结构、性能及选用[J].机电工程技术,2004年第 33 卷第 10 期:77～79
[32].童兵,卢青春.虚拟仪器技术在发动机台架试验测量控制系统中的应用[J].公路交通科技,第 17 卷第 1 期:80～82
[33].王明时.现代传感器技术[M].电子工业出版社,1995 年第一版
[34].李肇庆,韩涛.串行端口技术[M].国防工业出版社,2004 年第一版:1～4;102～103
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