低红外发射率涂层的制备及其耐腐蚀性能的研究
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摘要
低红外发射率涂层是以降低和削弱敌方红外探测设备效能为目的的红外隐身材料,属红外隐身技术领域,涉及材料、化学、能源、信息等专业,对我国第四代飞机、远程轰炸机、巡航导弹等的隐身化改造具有重大的研究意义。本论文较系统地研究了低红外发射率涂层的制备、表征、机理及其工程应用性能。从理论上系统研究了红外发射率与涂层微观因素的内在关系和物理本质,建立了涂层红外辐射与微观组织结构的关系模型,揭示了涂层低红外发射率的机理;完成了低发射率涂层的制备与优化技术;全面评估了涂层的工程应用性能,初步实现了低红外发射率涂层从实验室到工程实用化。取得了如下主要研究成果:
1.通过研究涂层低红外发射率的设计原理,揭示了涂层组织结构与红外发射率的内在关系和物理本质,即低红外发射率涂层必须具备高导电率、高反射率、高散射率和低吸收率。
2.依据涂层低红外发射率的设计原理,研究了填料尺寸、形貌、形态、导电性、填充量对涂层红外发射率的影响,提出了微米级片状导电性漂浮态填料是获得低红外发射率涂层的关键因素,成功地解决了低红外发射率涂层制备技术基础理论方面的空白。
3.根据低红外发射率涂层的制备技术,结合涂层优化方法,制备了在8~14μm波段发射率低至0.10的低红外发射率涂层,经项目专家组鉴定,达到国内领先、国际先进水平。
4.采用界面改性技术及面漆涂覆方法,在保持涂层低发射率的前提下大大提高涂层耐腐蚀性能,使涂层具备基本力学、耐环境及耐老化等性能,初步实现涂层工程化。
Low infrared emissivity coating (LIEC) which belongs to camouflage technology field and involve many professionals such as materials, chemical, energy, and information have received considerable attention due to their efficiency for protecting vehicles from infrared detection. The project has great research significance on the stealth transformation of national fourth-generation aircraft, long-range bombers and cruise missiles. In this thesis, synthesis, characterization, mechanism and engineering application of LIEC were systematically investigated. The theoretical model between the infrared radiation and microstructure was illustrated by optical theories related to the inherent relationship and physical nature between the infrared emissivity and the coating structure factors. According to the mechanism of low emissivity, the key factor of the formation of LIEC was obtained. LIEC with extremely low emissivity near to 0.10 was obtained by illustrated the preparation and optimization techniques. The engineering application performances of LIEC were also studied. Based on the modification techniques, the LIEC have implemented the transform from the laboratory to the practical engineering of LIEC. The obtained research results were as follows:
1. By studied the design principle of low infrared emissivity coating, the inherent relationship and physical nature between the infrared emissivity and the coating microstructure were obtained. The results indicated that high conductivity, reflectivity, dispersion and low absorption are contributed to form low infrared emissivity coating.
2. According to the design principle, Effects of size, shape, floatage, conductivity and content of pigments on infrared emissivity of the coatings were examined. It found that the pigments with micron-flake, high conductivity and floating play an important role in the formation of LIEC.
3. By studied the preparation and optimization techniques of LIEC, the coatings with low infrared emissivity near to 0.10 were prepared by a simple and convenient process, which were identified up to domestic leading and international advanced level by project expert group.
4. The modification was carried out to improve anti-corrosion of LIEC. The result showed that the modified samples present better corrosion resistance than that without modification. Moreover, the mechanical, anti-environment and anti-aging properties were also achieved engineering application.
1.通过研究涂层低红外发射率的设计原理,揭示了涂层组织结构与红外发射率的内在关系和物理本质,即低红外发射率涂层必须具备高导电率、高反射率、高散射率和低吸收率。
2.依据涂层低红外发射率的设计原理,研究了填料尺寸、形貌、形态、导电性、填充量对涂层红外发射率的影响,提出了微米级片状导电性漂浮态填料是获得低红外发射率涂层的关键因素,成功地解决了低红外发射率涂层制备技术基础理论方面的空白。
3.根据低红外发射率涂层的制备技术,结合涂层优化方法,制备了在8~14μm波段发射率低至0.10的低红外发射率涂层,经项目专家组鉴定,达到国内领先、国际先进水平。
4.采用界面改性技术及面漆涂覆方法,在保持涂层低发射率的前提下大大提高涂层耐腐蚀性能,使涂层具备基本力学、耐环境及耐老化等性能,初步实现涂层工程化。
Low infrared emissivity coating (LIEC) which belongs to camouflage technology field and involve many professionals such as materials, chemical, energy, and information have received considerable attention due to their efficiency for protecting vehicles from infrared detection. The project has great research significance on the stealth transformation of national fourth-generation aircraft, long-range bombers and cruise missiles. In this thesis, synthesis, characterization, mechanism and engineering application of LIEC were systematically investigated. The theoretical model between the infrared radiation and microstructure was illustrated by optical theories related to the inherent relationship and physical nature between the infrared emissivity and the coating structure factors. According to the mechanism of low emissivity, the key factor of the formation of LIEC was obtained. LIEC with extremely low emissivity near to 0.10 was obtained by illustrated the preparation and optimization techniques. The engineering application performances of LIEC were also studied. Based on the modification techniques, the LIEC have implemented the transform from the laboratory to the practical engineering of LIEC. The obtained research results were as follows:
1. By studied the design principle of low infrared emissivity coating, the inherent relationship and physical nature between the infrared emissivity and the coating microstructure were obtained. The results indicated that high conductivity, reflectivity, dispersion and low absorption are contributed to form low infrared emissivity coating.
2. According to the design principle, Effects of size, shape, floatage, conductivity and content of pigments on infrared emissivity of the coatings were examined. It found that the pigments with micron-flake, high conductivity and floating play an important role in the formation of LIEC.
3. By studied the preparation and optimization techniques of LIEC, the coatings with low infrared emissivity near to 0.10 were prepared by a simple and convenient process, which were identified up to domestic leading and international advanced level by project expert group.
4. The modification was carried out to improve anti-corrosion of LIEC. The result showed that the modified samples present better corrosion resistance than that without modification. Moreover, the mechanical, anti-environment and anti-aging properties were also achieved engineering application.
引文
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