含油污泥微波清洗脱油的实验研究
摘要
在我国,含油污泥被列入国家危险废物名录,由于其对环境危害的长期性和潜在性,正引起人们的高度重视。开展含油污泥管理及防治技术研究是目前国家环保工作的一项重要任务,如何对含油污泥进行无害化和资源化利用,是目前炼油行业亟待解决的一项重要环保问题。另外,在我国燃料油的油源较为严峻的形势下,重油或渣油作为重要的化工原料和燃料,将其作为废物填埋无疑是一种资源浪费。本课题旨在解决目前炼油行业含油污泥处理存在的技术难题,为含油污泥的处理开辟了一条新途径。
论文综述了含油污泥来源、性质及危害。并对目前国内外含油污泥的主要处理方法的工艺流程、技术优势、技术难点以及经济可行性等方面进行了分类概述。通过比较分析,论述了采用微波加热水洗工艺处理含油污泥的可行性。
本课题选取落地油泥和悬浮油泥这两种具有代表性的含油污泥作为研究对象,选取处理时间,功率,加水量和pH值为影响因素,以处理后污泥含油量为评价指标,探讨各个因素对污泥含油量的影响,获得最佳工艺条件。
实验首先对含油污泥的理化性质进行分析测定,然后对含油污泥进行单因素实验,实验结果显示各因素对落地油泥均具有较明显的影响。通过落地油泥微波处理正交试验,得到不同因素对除油率的影响大小顺序为pH值>处理时间>处理功率>加水量。由正交试验得到最佳工艺条件：pH值为11,处理时间为5min,处理功率为800w,加水量为30mL。在最佳工艺操作条件下对落地油泥二次处理,测得落地油泥的除油率为91.13%。表明在该工艺条件下,含油污泥处理效果较为理想。
由于悬浮油泥的处理难度大,直接采用微波加热水洗工艺处理效果不明显。本实验通过药剂来加强微波处理悬浮油泥,结合实验结果,分析认为硅酸钠对悬浮油泥的破乳效果较优。在较优工艺条件下对悬浮油泥进行加药二次处理,处理后底泥含油率降低66.97%。
综上所述,采用微波加热水洗工艺处理含油污泥在技术是可行的。
In China, the oily sludge was included in the national list of hazardous waste. Because of its long-term damage to the environment and potential, people began to pay attention to it. To carry out oil sludge management and control techniques is an important task in the national environmental protection jobs, how to use oil sludge harmless and resource utilization, is an important environmental issues currently solved for the refining industry. In addition, the situation of oil source has become severely in China, and heavy oil or residue is an important chemical raw materials and fuels. So landfill the sludge as a waste is certainly a waste of resources. This topic is expected to solve the problem of oily sludge treatment for the refining industry, and to open up a new way.
The oily sludge's source, character and environmental harm are summarized in this thesis. Various ways of present oily sludge disposal, advantages and disadvantages of each technology, economic feasibility have been categorized in parallel. On the basis of comparative analysis of internal and external development in this realm, the feasibility of microwave heat washing oily sludge is testified. This topic select oily sand and suspended oily sludge as the research object, the processing time, power, add Water quantity and pH value as influence factors, sludge oil content as evaluation indexes. The purpose of this paper is to explore various factors on the influence of the sludge oil content and achieve the best technological conditions.
First, physical and chemical properties of oily sludge were analyzed out。Then the single factor experiments were processed, the experimental results show that the disposing effect for oily sand is obvious, and for suspended oily sludge is not obvious.
Through the orthogonal test of microwave processing oily sand, We get the order of different factors on the influence of oil removal rate:pH> processing time> processing power> Water quantity. By orthogonal experiment we receive the best technological conditions:pH value (11), the processing time (5min), processing power (800w), Water quantity (30mL). Under the optimum operation condition the oily sand was processed twice, and then we measure the oil content fall for 91.13%. So under this condition the oil sand treatment results are ideal.
Because of the difficulty of dealing with suspended oily sludge, directly by microwave heating water processing the effect is not obvious. This experiment through the elixir to strengthen microwave processing sludge, the experimental result shows that the broken breast effect of sodium silicate is better. In relatively optimal process conditions for dosing of suspension sludge treatment twice, the oil content of suspended oily sludge reduce 66.97%.
In summary, the use of microwave heat washing oily sludge is feasible in technical terms.
论文综述了含油污泥来源、性质及危害。并对目前国内外含油污泥的主要处理方法的工艺流程、技术优势、技术难点以及经济可行性等方面进行了分类概述。通过比较分析,论述了采用微波加热水洗工艺处理含油污泥的可行性。
本课题选取落地油泥和悬浮油泥这两种具有代表性的含油污泥作为研究对象,选取处理时间,功率,加水量和pH值为影响因素,以处理后污泥含油量为评价指标,探讨各个因素对污泥含油量的影响,获得最佳工艺条件。
实验首先对含油污泥的理化性质进行分析测定,然后对含油污泥进行单因素实验,实验结果显示各因素对落地油泥均具有较明显的影响。通过落地油泥微波处理正交试验,得到不同因素对除油率的影响大小顺序为pH值>处理时间>处理功率>加水量。由正交试验得到最佳工艺条件：pH值为11,处理时间为5min,处理功率为800w,加水量为30mL。在最佳工艺操作条件下对落地油泥二次处理,测得落地油泥的除油率为91.13%。表明在该工艺条件下,含油污泥处理效果较为理想。
由于悬浮油泥的处理难度大,直接采用微波加热水洗工艺处理效果不明显。本实验通过药剂来加强微波处理悬浮油泥,结合实验结果,分析认为硅酸钠对悬浮油泥的破乳效果较优。在较优工艺条件下对悬浮油泥进行加药二次处理,处理后底泥含油率降低66.97%。
综上所述,采用微波加热水洗工艺处理含油污泥在技术是可行的。
In China, the oily sludge was included in the national list of hazardous waste. Because of its long-term damage to the environment and potential, people began to pay attention to it. To carry out oil sludge management and control techniques is an important task in the national environmental protection jobs, how to use oil sludge harmless and resource utilization, is an important environmental issues currently solved for the refining industry. In addition, the situation of oil source has become severely in China, and heavy oil or residue is an important chemical raw materials and fuels. So landfill the sludge as a waste is certainly a waste of resources. This topic is expected to solve the problem of oily sludge treatment for the refining industry, and to open up a new way.
The oily sludge's source, character and environmental harm are summarized in this thesis. Various ways of present oily sludge disposal, advantages and disadvantages of each technology, economic feasibility have been categorized in parallel. On the basis of comparative analysis of internal and external development in this realm, the feasibility of microwave heat washing oily sludge is testified. This topic select oily sand and suspended oily sludge as the research object, the processing time, power, add Water quantity and pH value as influence factors, sludge oil content as evaluation indexes. The purpose of this paper is to explore various factors on the influence of the sludge oil content and achieve the best technological conditions.
First, physical and chemical properties of oily sludge were analyzed out。Then the single factor experiments were processed, the experimental results show that the disposing effect for oily sand is obvious, and for suspended oily sludge is not obvious.
Through the orthogonal test of microwave processing oily sand, We get the order of different factors on the influence of oil removal rate:pH> processing time> processing power> Water quantity. By orthogonal experiment we receive the best technological conditions:pH value (11), the processing time (5min), processing power (800w), Water quantity (30mL). Under the optimum operation condition the oily sand was processed twice, and then we measure the oil content fall for 91.13%. So under this condition the oil sand treatment results are ideal.
Because of the difficulty of dealing with suspended oily sludge, directly by microwave heating water processing the effect is not obvious. This experiment through the elixir to strengthen microwave processing sludge, the experimental result shows that the broken breast effect of sodium silicate is better. In relatively optimal process conditions for dosing of suspension sludge treatment twice, the oil content of suspended oily sludge reduce 66.97%.
In summary, the use of microwave heat washing oily sludge is feasible in technical terms.
引文
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[5]李凡修.国外含油污泥处理技术[J].石油化工环保,1991, (4)：53-54.
[6]Fluch H.W. Separation of oil and water from oil refinery sludge[J]. Filtration separation 1982, (9):18-22.
[7]刘天齐.石油化工环境保护手册[M].1990.
[8]费庆志.o/w型乳化废液的混凝及絮渣处理[J].大连铁道学院学报,2001,22(3)：101-104.
[9]尹先清.含油污水处理技术研究[J].工业水处理,2000,20(3)：29-31.
[10]李凡修.含油污泥无害化处理及综合利用的途径[J].油气田环境保护,1998,8(3)：42-44.
[11]李凡修,肖遥.含油污泥混凝处理实验研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2000,29(4)：211-213.
[12]李凡修.含油污泥脱水性能实验[J].环境污染与防治,2001(3)：105-106.
[13]陆斌,陆晓千.一种含油乳化液废水处理技术的工程应用[J].环境工程,2001,19(3)：12-13.
[14]王毓仁,陈家伟,孙晓兰.国外炼油厂含油污泥处理技术[J].炼油设计,1999,29(9)：51-56.
[15]宫晖,乌石化炼油厂污泥处理技术现状[J].石油化工环境保护,2003,26(3)：38-41.
[16]Hollman E. R. Seperation Scheme for Cleaning Oil Waste[M]. CIM/ASOTIu, 31-37.
[17]ReiS.R.C. An Overview of the Environmental Issues Facing the Upstream Petroleum Industry[M].SPE 26366,1993.
[18]F.E.帕诺夫等箸,裴德禄等译.石油与天然气工业企业的环境保护[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1992,52-58.
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[20]周高华.含油污泥脱水设备与技术[J].化工机械,2003,30(5)：306-311.
[21]孟相民,郝以专,刘红梅.含油污泥浓缩工艺技术的研究与应用[J].油气田地面程,2001,20(3)：33-34.
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[23]周如金,顾立军,李德豪.超临界二氧化碳在环境保护中的应用[J].化工环保,2003,23(5)：270-274.
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