柔模泵注混凝土配制及性能研究
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摘要
柔模泵注混凝土支护技术是地下工程支护的新形式,首次将纤维柔性材料作为混凝土模板应用于地下工程支护领域。将传统的刚性模板改变成可以随断面形状任意改变的柔性模板。柔模泵注混凝土支护过程是将预先制作好的纤维柔性模板通过短锚杆和钢筋网等固定在巷道周边,用混凝土泵将混凝土拌和物泵注入到柔性模板中。待混凝土硬化后在柔性模板外表面喷射混凝土形成支护结构。本文是针对该技术中混凝土的应用研究,是柔模泵注混凝土支护技术应用研究的一部分。
柔模泵注混凝土支护技术所采用的纤维柔性模板具有透水不透浆的特性,可以将内部混凝土中的多余水分排出。为满足该技术的结构设计及施工工艺要求,需要对柔模泵注混凝土的配制及性能做深入研究。
本文提出了柔模泵注混凝土配制过程中材料选取原则及选取方法,主要包括的石子的尺寸、砂子的类型、水泥和其他材料的品种等;给出柔模泵注混凝土配合比设计计算方法。并对柔模泵注混凝土的拌合物及凝结硬化后的性能进行了研究,主要包括混凝土拌合物坍落度、坍落扩展度、自密实性能以及凝结硬化后的抗压强度、抗拉强度等几项指标。
柔模泵注混凝土作为柔模泵注混凝土支护技术的一种材料,能够适应特殊施工工艺及性能要求,其具有流动性好、扩展性强、坍落度损失小,可塑性强等特点;
本文针对柔模泵注混凝土的各项指标建立了一整套的试验方法,为进一步研究提供思路和方法,为国家以后建立标准和检测方法提供参考和依据。
以红柳煤矿副斜井为依托工程,基于当地材料配制出了适合柔模泵注混凝土支护技术要求的混凝土,并阐述了混凝土的施工工艺和工程应用效果。实际应用表明可以广泛的应用于土木工程中。为柔模泵注混凝土支护技术的推广应用奠定基础。
Flexible Formwork and Pumped Concrete Supporting Technology (FFPCST) is a new method in the field of underground engineering supporting. Flexible fiber material used as a concrete form be used in underground engineering first time. It changes the traditional rigid formwork to flexible formwork, which the shape can be changed with the cross-section arbitrarily. The process of the FFPCST is to hang the prefabricated flexible formwork along the tunnel surrounding rock with bolts and steel meshes, to pump the concrete into the flexible formwork, to shots concrete on the surface of flexible formwork after the concrete in it have harden, to form the supporting structure. This thesis mainly studies the application research of concrete, which is one of the most important parts of FFPCST.
The flexible formwork used in FFPCST has the characteristics of permeating through water and not concrete slurry to filter out superfluous water of injected concrete in flexible formwork. The flexible formwork can filter out superfluous water of injected concrete in it. In order to meet the structural design of the technology and construction technology requirements, In-depth study about the preparation and performance of concrete is needed.
In this paper, the method and principle of material selection is given In the Flexible Formwork-Pumped Concrete (FFPC) preparation process. Mainly includes the size of stone, the type of sand, the varieties of cement and other materials. The method of mix proportion design of Flexible Formwork-Pumped Concrete is given also. The research on the performance of FFPC mixture and the performance after the mixture hardens, mainly included the slump, the slump rate of spread, the self-compacting of the concrete mixture as well as the compressive strength, the tensile strength of the concrete.
The FFPC, used as a material in FFPCST, able to adapt to the special construction technique and performance requirements, and it has good mobility, scalability, and little slump loss, strong plasticity and so on.
This thesis has established the one whole set testing method about the indicators for FFPC, provides the mentality and the method for further research, later the establish standards and the examination method will provide the reference and the basis for the country.
Based on the project to HongLiu mine vice inclined shaft, this thesis confect the concrete, which meet the requirements of FFPCST based on local materials, And described the construction technology of concrete and Application results. Practical shows that it can widely use in civil engineering. It lays the foundation for FFPCST’s popularization and application.
柔模泵注混凝土支护技术所采用的纤维柔性模板具有透水不透浆的特性,可以将内部混凝土中的多余水分排出。为满足该技术的结构设计及施工工艺要求,需要对柔模泵注混凝土的配制及性能做深入研究。
本文提出了柔模泵注混凝土配制过程中材料选取原则及选取方法,主要包括的石子的尺寸、砂子的类型、水泥和其他材料的品种等;给出柔模泵注混凝土配合比设计计算方法。并对柔模泵注混凝土的拌合物及凝结硬化后的性能进行了研究,主要包括混凝土拌合物坍落度、坍落扩展度、自密实性能以及凝结硬化后的抗压强度、抗拉强度等几项指标。
柔模泵注混凝土作为柔模泵注混凝土支护技术的一种材料,能够适应特殊施工工艺及性能要求,其具有流动性好、扩展性强、坍落度损失小,可塑性强等特点;
本文针对柔模泵注混凝土的各项指标建立了一整套的试验方法,为进一步研究提供思路和方法,为国家以后建立标准和检测方法提供参考和依据。
以红柳煤矿副斜井为依托工程,基于当地材料配制出了适合柔模泵注混凝土支护技术要求的混凝土,并阐述了混凝土的施工工艺和工程应用效果。实际应用表明可以广泛的应用于土木工程中。为柔模泵注混凝土支护技术的推广应用奠定基础。
Flexible Formwork and Pumped Concrete Supporting Technology (FFPCST) is a new method in the field of underground engineering supporting. Flexible fiber material used as a concrete form be used in underground engineering first time. It changes the traditional rigid formwork to flexible formwork, which the shape can be changed with the cross-section arbitrarily. The process of the FFPCST is to hang the prefabricated flexible formwork along the tunnel surrounding rock with bolts and steel meshes, to pump the concrete into the flexible formwork, to shots concrete on the surface of flexible formwork after the concrete in it have harden, to form the supporting structure. This thesis mainly studies the application research of concrete, which is one of the most important parts of FFPCST.
The flexible formwork used in FFPCST has the characteristics of permeating through water and not concrete slurry to filter out superfluous water of injected concrete in flexible formwork. The flexible formwork can filter out superfluous water of injected concrete in it. In order to meet the structural design of the technology and construction technology requirements, In-depth study about the preparation and performance of concrete is needed.
In this paper, the method and principle of material selection is given In the Flexible Formwork-Pumped Concrete (FFPC) preparation process. Mainly includes the size of stone, the type of sand, the varieties of cement and other materials. The method of mix proportion design of Flexible Formwork-Pumped Concrete is given also. The research on the performance of FFPC mixture and the performance after the mixture hardens, mainly included the slump, the slump rate of spread, the self-compacting of the concrete mixture as well as the compressive strength, the tensile strength of the concrete.
The FFPC, used as a material in FFPCST, able to adapt to the special construction technique and performance requirements, and it has good mobility, scalability, and little slump loss, strong plasticity and so on.
This thesis has established the one whole set testing method about the indicators for FFPC, provides the mentality and the method for further research, later the establish standards and the examination method will provide the reference and the basis for the country.
Based on the project to HongLiu mine vice inclined shaft, this thesis confect the concrete, which meet the requirements of FFPCST based on local materials, And described the construction technology of concrete and Application results. Practical shows that it can widely use in civil engineering. It lays the foundation for FFPCST’s popularization and application.
引文
[1]马保国.新型泵送混凝土技术及施工.北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[2]赵志缙,赵帆.混凝土泵送施工技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[3] Frank Collins, Sanjayam J G. Effects of ultra-fine materials on workability and strength of concrete containing alkali-activated slag as the binder. Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29:462
[4] Committee 304 A C I, Placing Concrete by pumping method. Journal ACI,1977,74(9)
[5]翁友法,吕家良.自密实混凝土的研究现状及其发展方向.上海.中国港湾建设.2002.2(2)
[6]付温.混凝土工程新技术.北京:中国建筑出版社,1998
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范GB50010-2002.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[8]中国建筑材料科学研究院.混凝土泵送施工技术规程JGJ/T10-95.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995
[9]安雪晖等编著.自密实混凝土技术手册.北京:中国水利水电出版社2008
[10]朱敏涛,张雄.自密实混凝土的优化设计.混凝土.2006(8)
[11]张清,廉慧珍,自密实高性能混凝土配合比研究与设计,建筑技术,1999(1):19~21
[12]陈建奎,外加剂的原理与应用,北京:中国计划出版社,1997,11~90
[13]中华人民共和国行业标准.普通混凝土配合比设计规程JGJ55-2000.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[14]冯乃谦,高性能混凝土,混凝土与水泥制品,1993(2):6~11
[15]吴中伟,廉慧珍,高性能混凝土,北京:中国铁道出版社,1999.10
[16]陈建奎,王栋民.高性能混凝土(HPC)配合比设计新法——全计算法,硅酸盐学报,2000(2):194~198
[17]吴红娟.自密实混凝土配合比设计方法研究:[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005.1
[18]中华人民共和国行业标准.自密实混凝土设计与施工指南CCES02-2004.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[19]刘长俊.混凝土配合比设计计算手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1994
[20]叶远胜,孙振西.高流态模袋混凝土配合比设计及性能研究.东北水利水电,2004(1)
[21]王远峰,陈来发.大型钢管混凝土拱桥泵送混凝土配合比设计.水利水电快报,2002,23(4)
[22]李玉寿,焦宝祥.C40后张法泵送混凝土配合比设计.盐城工业专科学校学报,1994,7(3)
[23]冯乃谦.流态混凝土.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[24] ACI Forum. Influence of Chlorides in Reinforced Concrete. Concrete International,1985, 19(5);13~22
[25] Sun Wei, Yan Handong. Analysis of mechanism on water-reducing effect of fine ground slag, high-calcium fly ash, and low-calcium fly ash.Cement and concrete,2003,33:1119~1125
[26] Donza H, Cabrerao. High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32:1755~1761
[27]蔡正咏等编.正交设计在混凝土中的应用.中国建筑工业出版社1985
[28]《正交试验法》编写组编.正交实验法.国防工业出版社1976
[29]正交设计法北京大学数学力学系概率统计组编石油化学工业出版
[30]中华人民共和国交通部.公路工程水泥及水泥混凝土试验规程JTG E2005.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[31] Day Ken W. Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification. E&Fn Spon,1995.65~66
[32] Johansson A et al. PuMPable concrete and concrete pumping. Advances in ready mixed concrete technology, 1975
[33] Pritzl Andrew B. Design Study of the Hydraulic Aspects of a Free-Piston-Engine-pump. University of Wisconsin-Madison,2001,UMI Number:3012571
[34] Kslousek G L, Porter L C and Bentor E J. Concrete for Long-Time Service in Sulfate Environment. Cement and Concrete Research,1972,(2):79~85
[35] Berra M, Baronio G, Katharine and Bryant. Thaumasite in Deteriorated Concrete in the Presence of Sulfate. International Conferences on Concrete Durability,1987, (2):2073~2089
[36] Tattersall G H著.混凝土工作性.陈莲英,杜效栋译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983.12
[37] State-of-the-Art Report on High Strength Concrete. ACI 363R-92. 363R-9-363R-10
[38] Smith I A. The design of fly ash concrete. In: Proc. Inst of Civil Engineers, London: 36(1967):769~790
[39]陶同康.嘶马弯道护岸的土工模袋布材料特性.水利水运工程学报,2004(1)
[40]王胜军.浅谈机织模袋混凝土施工质量控制.吉林水利,2003(10)
[41]王瑞海,孙卫平.模袋混凝土充灌施工工艺.水运工程,2000(4)
[42]刘德勇,陈张羽.模袋混凝土施工工艺.东北水利水电,2004(12)
[43]赵志缙等编著.新型混凝土及施工工艺.北京:中国建筑出版社,1986
[2]赵志缙,赵帆.混凝土泵送施工技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[3] Frank Collins, Sanjayam J G. Effects of ultra-fine materials on workability and strength of concrete containing alkali-activated slag as the binder. Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29:462
[4] Committee 304 A C I, Placing Concrete by pumping method. Journal ACI,1977,74(9)
[5]翁友法,吕家良.自密实混凝土的研究现状及其发展方向.上海.中国港湾建设.2002.2(2)
[6]付温.混凝土工程新技术.北京:中国建筑出版社,1998
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范GB50010-2002.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[8]中国建筑材料科学研究院.混凝土泵送施工技术规程JGJ/T10-95.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995
[9]安雪晖等编著.自密实混凝土技术手册.北京:中国水利水电出版社2008
[10]朱敏涛,张雄.自密实混凝土的优化设计.混凝土.2006(8)
[11]张清,廉慧珍,自密实高性能混凝土配合比研究与设计,建筑技术,1999(1):19~21
[12]陈建奎,外加剂的原理与应用,北京:中国计划出版社,1997,11~90
[13]中华人民共和国行业标准.普通混凝土配合比设计规程JGJ55-2000.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[14]冯乃谦,高性能混凝土,混凝土与水泥制品,1993(2):6~11
[15]吴中伟,廉慧珍,高性能混凝土,北京:中国铁道出版社,1999.10
[16]陈建奎,王栋民.高性能混凝土(HPC)配合比设计新法——全计算法,硅酸盐学报,2000(2):194~198
[17]吴红娟.自密实混凝土配合比设计方法研究:[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005.1
[18]中华人民共和国行业标准.自密实混凝土设计与施工指南CCES02-2004.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[19]刘长俊.混凝土配合比设计计算手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1994
[20]叶远胜,孙振西.高流态模袋混凝土配合比设计及性能研究.东北水利水电,2004(1)
[21]王远峰,陈来发.大型钢管混凝土拱桥泵送混凝土配合比设计.水利水电快报,2002,23(4)
[22]李玉寿,焦宝祥.C40后张法泵送混凝土配合比设计.盐城工业专科学校学报,1994,7(3)
[23]冯乃谦.流态混凝土.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[24] ACI Forum. Influence of Chlorides in Reinforced Concrete. Concrete International,1985, 19(5);13~22
[25] Sun Wei, Yan Handong. Analysis of mechanism on water-reducing effect of fine ground slag, high-calcium fly ash, and low-calcium fly ash.Cement and concrete,2003,33:1119~1125
[26] Donza H, Cabrerao. High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32:1755~1761
[27]蔡正咏等编.正交设计在混凝土中的应用.中国建筑工业出版社1985
[28]《正交试验法》编写组编.正交实验法.国防工业出版社1976
[29]正交设计法北京大学数学力学系概率统计组编石油化学工业出版
[30]中华人民共和国交通部.公路工程水泥及水泥混凝土试验规程JTG E2005.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[31] Day Ken W. Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification. E&Fn Spon,1995.65~66
[32] Johansson A et al. PuMPable concrete and concrete pumping. Advances in ready mixed concrete technology, 1975
[33] Pritzl Andrew B. Design Study of the Hydraulic Aspects of a Free-Piston-Engine-pump. University of Wisconsin-Madison,2001,UMI Number:3012571
[34] Kslousek G L, Porter L C and Bentor E J. Concrete for Long-Time Service in Sulfate Environment. Cement and Concrete Research,1972,(2):79~85
[35] Berra M, Baronio G, Katharine and Bryant. Thaumasite in Deteriorated Concrete in the Presence of Sulfate. International Conferences on Concrete Durability,1987, (2):2073~2089
[36] Tattersall G H著.混凝土工作性.陈莲英,杜效栋译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983.12
[37] State-of-the-Art Report on High Strength Concrete. ACI 363R-92. 363R-9-363R-10
[38] Smith I A. The design of fly ash concrete. In: Proc. Inst of Civil Engineers, London: 36(1967):769~790
[39]陶同康.嘶马弯道护岸的土工模袋布材料特性.水利水运工程学报,2004(1)
[40]王胜军.浅谈机织模袋混凝土施工质量控制.吉林水利,2003(10)
[41]王瑞海,孙卫平.模袋混凝土充灌施工工艺.水运工程,2000(4)
[42]刘德勇,陈张羽.模袋混凝土施工工艺.东北水利水电,2004(12)
[43]赵志缙等编著.新型混凝土及施工工艺.北京:中国建筑出版社,1986