香菇三螺旋葡聚糖氢键键合作用及其功能化研究
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摘要
真菌多糖广’泛存在于真菌细胞壁或细胞培养液,具有来源广、可再生、安全性好等特点。它们中的部分已显示出抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等生物活性,是理想的天然保健品、药物和食品添加剂,在医药、生物材料、食口及日用品领域有广阔应用前景。不同来源的真菌多糖具有不同的化学结构、分子尺寸及链构象,它们对其生物功能有明显影响。从真菌中有效地提取和纯化出高纯度多糖,并研究其化学结构和链构象是实现多糖应用价值的重要步骤,利用多糖优异的化学、生物特点,更好地利用其应用价值,是我们所面临的挑战与机遇。本工作旨在对真菌多糖的化学结构、链构象及功能化进行深入研究。采用多种近代表征方法和高分子溶液理论对真菌多糖化学结构进行解析和确定,同时用不同修饰和组装方法从纳米、微米尺寸对真菌多糖进行功能化研究。
本论文的主要创新包括以下几点：(1)采用绿色高效的方法提取出香菇葡聚糖,并提出了一种快速简便表征多糖链构象的方法确定其化学结构和三螺旋链构象；(2)在水体系中以香菇三螺旋葡聚糖为基底制备出水分散性的银纳米粒子,并以银纳米粒子为标记物表征三螺旋链在碱溶液中的聚集行为；(3)首次观察到香菇多糖自组装成纳米膜,并提出一种快速简单制备香菇葡聚糖微胶囊的新方法；(4)首次制备出两亲性香菇葡聚糖糖,成功构筑纳米囊泡和纳米球,并提出链刚性对自组装结构的影响；(5)弄清虎乳灵芝多糖的化学结构和链构象,并成功自组装形成“松叶状”图案聚集体。
本论文主要研究内容和结论简述如下。通过一种用水体系替代有机溶剂体系的绿色提取方法从香菇子实体中提取出香菇葡聚糖。IR、NMR、GC-MS分析结果表明,该香菇多糖具有较高的纯度,其化学结构为β-1,3-D-葡聚糖,并含p-1,6-D-葡萄糖残基组成的支链,约每5个p-1,3-D-葡萄糖残基带有2个p-1,6-D-葡萄糖残基。用尺寸排除色谱-多角度激光光散射仪-示差折光仪-毛细管粘度仪(SEC-MALLS-RI-Visco)四联用装置成功表征了该香菇葡聚糖在0.9%NaCl溶液中的稀溶液行为。由实验数据通过理论计算得出其链构象参数,并且得到z1/2与Mw关系式以及Mark-Houwink方程。结果表明该香菇葡聚糖为三螺旋链构象,具有较大的链刚性,而且它单独的三螺旋链和聚集体同时存在于稀溶液中,但聚集体含量较少(12.6%)。透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)结果进一步直接证明该香菇葡聚糖的刚性链形态。该香菇多糖可以与疏水客体分子(酞菁)通过疏水作用力形成包合物,证明香菇多糖三螺旋链存在疏水空腔结构。本工作建立了一种简便、可靠的方法表征香菇葡聚糖的化学结构和三螺旋链构象,替代传统上繁杂、耗时的方法,由此为其结构的确定提供新的可靠途径。
以香菇三螺旋葡聚糖链为稳定剂在其水溶液中成功制备出平均粒径约为12nm的水分散性银纳米粒子。TEM和动态光散射(DLS)结果表明：银纳米粒子通过与多糖链上的羟基间的强静电作用结合到多糖链上,并沿链分布,从而它们可稳定地分散在水中。香菇葡聚糖含大量羟基,不仅可以用于构建银纳米粒子的基质,还能作为稳定剂使纳米粒子稳定地分散在水中。该多糖-银纳米粒子也能稳定的存在于碱性溶液中,而且形成的聚集体不影响银纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌。聚集体的形成是由于多糖三股螺旋链变性为无规线团链导致。同时,利用银纳米粒子为标记物成功地检测出多糖聚集体的形成及其聚集速率。这里提出了种简便、绿色的方法合成水分散性银纳米粒子,它在生物领域有应用前景。
通过香菇多糖还原端上的醛基与十二胺上的胺基反应,成功制备出链末端接有长链烷烃的香菇多糖LNT-C12。该多糖为亲水-疏水嵌段物,它在水中易聚集。由此利用LNT-C12在水中自组装形成微胶囊,该胶囊壁由多糖链平行排列形成单层纳米多糖薄膜及多层膜。改变多糖水溶液和油相(CH2C12)体积比(R),可以调控微胶囊的类型(从水包油O/W变为水包油包水W/OW)和尺寸。该胶囊囊壁较薄(R=2时为90nm),在CH2Cl2挥发过程中微胶囊发生塌陷,但用环氧氯丙烷(ECH)交联多糖可明显阻止微胶囊塌陷。刻多糖微胶囊可以载模型药物聚已内酯(PCL),它们形成LNT-Cl2为囊壁、PCL为核的微球,且微球尺寸可以通过改变R值来调控。这种快速简单制备多糖微胶囊的安全方法,对生物医用微胶囊的应用与开发具有重要意义。
具有三螺旋链和无规线团链不同链构象的两种香菇葡聚糖通过与长链卤代烃反应合成两亲性香菇葡聚糖,它们分别表现出比较刚性和较柔顺性链构象。DLS、SLS、TEM结果证明这两种两亲性多糖可以自组装形成纳米结构囊泡(刚性链)和纳米实心球(柔顺链)。它们的差异性来源于其链刚性的不同：较大的链刚性能支撑球壁,形成中空囊泡结构;而柔顺链则无规聚集形成实心球。由此表明,两亲性多糖自组装过程中链刚性的影响很大。通过控制链刚性,可以调控自组装纳米结构的形貌(实心或者空心纳米球)和尺寸(150～280nm)。另外,这两种纳米球都可以作为药物载体,它们能有效负载药物和提高缓释性。由此,它在生物医用领域有潜在应用。
由虎乳灵芝中提取出的一种多支化葡聚糖PR-CA。通过FT-IR、NMR、GC-MS证明PR-CA为多支链多糖,其支化度为0.4。通过DLS、SLS、TEM和AFM证明它在DMSO中形成稍微疏松的球状链构象,而在水中由于分子内氢键导致链塌缩形成尺寸较小的球形链,并且由于分子间氢键驱动形成聚集体。低分子量PR-CA农现出明显的自组装行为。实验结果揭示多支化β-葡聚糖具有水溶性和易聚集的特点,当分子量较低时容易有序自组装形成纤维并进一步生长形成“松中状”图案聚集体。
上述基础研究成果清楚地确定了香菇多糖和虎乳灵芝多糖的化学结构和链构象。同时,按照香菇葡聚糖的特点进行分子设计,得到不同尺寸和形貌的香菇多糖纳米结构功能材料,它们有潜在应用前景。本工作对真菌多糖的化学结构、链构象与其功能材料性能间的“构效关系”研究提供了有价值的数据,具有重要的学术意义。同时,也为促进香菇葡聚糖的工业化和扩大其应用提供了重要依据,具有应用前景。
Fungal polysaccharides widely exist in the cell walls or cell culture media of fungi. Many kinds of fungal polysaccharides show anti-tumor, anti-virus or anti-oxidation bioactivities. They are ideal candidates as natural health products, drugs and food additives and have wide application prospect in the fields of medicine, food, daily necessities, and biological materials. Polysaccharides extracted from different resources vary in chemical structures, molecular size, and chain conformations, which show obvious influence on their bioactivities. Therefore, it's a challenge and opportunity for us to develop effective extraction methods of polysaccharides and to resolve their chemical structures and chain conformations so that their practical values would be realized. Some progress has already been achieved in polysaccharides functionalization, but more work regarding the chemical and biological features of polysaccharides need to be done. In this thesis, we mainly focus on the chemical structures, conformations and functionalization of fungal polysaccharides. Our purpose is to resolve the chemical structures and conformations with the aid of different analytical methods and polymer solution theory. At the same time, we investigated the functionalization of polysaccharides by different means from nano to micro scale.
The major innovations of this thesis include the followings:(1) We efficiently extracted lentinan from Lenlinus edodes with a green method, and established a kind of facile method for clarifing its chemical structures and triple helical conformation in water;(2) We successfully prepared Ag nanoparticles dispersible in water from the aqueous solution of triple helical lentinan, and studied the aggregation behavior of triple helical chain in base solution with Ag nanoparticles as labeling;(3) We observed the self-assembly of lentinan into a nanofilm for the first time and thus discovered a simple rapid method to prepare lentinan micro vesicles;(4) For the first time we fabricated nano vesicle and nanosphere from amphipathic lentinan and revealed the effect of chain stiffness on structures of self-assembly products;(5) We clarified the chemical structure and conformation of polyporus rhinoceros polysaccharides and found the formation of pine needle-like aggregation.
The main contents and conclusions in this thesis are divided into the following parts. A kind of water-soluble polysaccharides was isolated from Lentinus edodes via a green method developed by the lab. From IR, NMR and GC-MS results, the chemical structure of the polysaccharide with high purity was analyzed to be a kind of β-1,3-D-glucans with two β-1,6-D-residues in interval of every five main-chain residues. The polysaccharide conformation was analyzed by using SEC-MALLS-RI-Visco combination method. Thez1/2～Mw, equation and Mark-Houwink function were obtained by data fitting. The result revealed that the polysaccharide majorly exists as triple helical conformation in aqueous solution with high chain stiffness and few aggregations (12.6%) with coil conformation are also found in the solution. TEM and AFM observations further proved the results directly. Hydrophobic phthalocyanine could be incorporated into the one-dimensional hollow constructed by the polysaccharide triple helical chains to be water-soluble. The phenomena proved the existence of hydrophobic hollow in lentinan. This work provided a new kind of simple and reliable method, instead of trantional complex and time-consuming method, for characterizing the chemical structure and triple helical conformation of lentinan, which are import for deciding the structure of lentinan.
Water-dispersible silver nanoparticles with mean radius of6nm were created in the triple helical polysaccharide aqueous solution. The results of TEM and DLS revealed that the silver nanoparticles were attached to the polysaccharide chains by the strong electrostatic interactions between the polysaccharides and the silver nanoparticles, leading to the good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the solution. Lentinan with abundant active hydroxyl groups not only supplied a matrix for the constructing of the silver nanoparticles, but also acted as a stabilizer for good dispersion of the nanoparticles in water. The silver nanoparticles could also exist stably in lentinan solution containing NaOH, and the aggregation of denatured polysaccharides did not affect the shape and size of the Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, the aggregation was related to the conformation transition of the polysaccharide from the triple helix to random coil in the solution. A new method to detect the aggregates and aggregation rate was established based on the intensity of the maximum absorption peaks of the polysaccharides labeled by Ag nanoparticles in the UV spectrum. This work provided important information for the creation of the silver nanoparticles via a simple and "green" pathway, and it will have wide applications in the biological field.
Long-chain alkane was introduced to the reducing end of lentinan chains through the reaction between the aldehyde groups and the amine groups of laurylamine (C12H25NH2). The obtained sample (LNT-C12) was proved to form aggregation easily in water. TEM results showed the existing of single layer and multiple layer polysaccharides nano-sheets which were formed by the self-assembly of LNT-C12chains. Taking advantage of the LNT-C12self-assembly process, a simple and quick method was developed to obtain polysaccharides microcapsules. By changing the volume ratio (R) of aqueous phase (LNT-C12) versus organic phase (CH2G2), the type (O/W or W/O/W) and size of the microcapsules can be tuned. As the layer formed by LNT-C12was rather thin (about90nm at R=2) in the microcapsules, collapse happened during the evaporation of CH2Cl2. The stabilization of the microcapsules could be improved obviously after cross-linking by epoxy chloropropan (ECH). The drug-loading ability of the microcapsules was also studied by using polycaprolactone (PCL) as the target drug. The result revealed that PCL could be loaded into the microcapsules, and microspheres with PCL as core and LNT-C12as shell were formed. The size of the microspheres can also be tuned by changing the R value. This work provided a kind of facile method for constructing polysaccharide microcapsules, which can promote the application of letinan in the fields of drug delivery.
Amiphiphilic polysaccharides (lentinan) were obtained with two different chain conformations (triple helical chains and random coil chains). The DLS, SLS and TEM results revealed that the amiphiphilic polysaccharides can self assembly into vehicles (triple helical lentinan) and spheres (random coil lentinan). The difference between the two assembly morphologies (vesicle and sphere) was original from the difference of chain stiffness. The high chain stiffness can prevent further collapse of the nanosphere structure, inducing the existence of vesicles. It proved the importance of chain stiffness on the self-assembly of amiphiphilic polysaccharides. By controlling the chain stiffness, we can tune the morphology and size of the obtained nanostructures. Moreover, the resulted polysaccharides vesicles and spheres can be used as drug carriers.
A kind of water-soluble polysaccharide (PR-CA) from Polyporus rhinoceros was analyzed by FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS. The results indicated that PR-CA was a kind of β-(1,3)-D-glucans with β-1,6-D-residues branches. The degree of branch is calculated to be0.4. The conformation of PR-CA was proved to be random coil in DMSO and to be compact sphere conformation with smaller size in water. What's more, PR-CA with low Mw could form pine needle-like nanostructures consisting of nano-needle structures. This work revealed the chemical structure and conformation, which is import for the further studying on the bioaetivity of PR-CA.
The above results identified the chemical structures and conformations of lentinan and PR-CA. Meanwhile, we successfully prepared functional nano-materials based on lentinan with different sizes and morphologies, after which we studied the preliminary application prospect of these materials. This work provides profound data and academic supporting for studies involving polysaccharides'chemical structure, conformation, properties and their relationship. At the same time, we contributed to the industrialization of lentinan for expanded application.
本论文的主要创新包括以下几点：(1)采用绿色高效的方法提取出香菇葡聚糖,并提出了一种快速简便表征多糖链构象的方法确定其化学结构和三螺旋链构象；(2)在水体系中以香菇三螺旋葡聚糖为基底制备出水分散性的银纳米粒子,并以银纳米粒子为标记物表征三螺旋链在碱溶液中的聚集行为；(3)首次观察到香菇多糖自组装成纳米膜,并提出一种快速简单制备香菇葡聚糖微胶囊的新方法；(4)首次制备出两亲性香菇葡聚糖糖,成功构筑纳米囊泡和纳米球,并提出链刚性对自组装结构的影响；(5)弄清虎乳灵芝多糖的化学结构和链构象,并成功自组装形成“松叶状”图案聚集体。
本论文主要研究内容和结论简述如下。通过一种用水体系替代有机溶剂体系的绿色提取方法从香菇子实体中提取出香菇葡聚糖。IR、NMR、GC-MS分析结果表明,该香菇多糖具有较高的纯度,其化学结构为β-1,3-D-葡聚糖,并含p-1,6-D-葡萄糖残基组成的支链,约每5个p-1,3-D-葡萄糖残基带有2个p-1,6-D-葡萄糖残基。用尺寸排除色谱-多角度激光光散射仪-示差折光仪-毛细管粘度仪(SEC-MALLS-RI-Visco)四联用装置成功表征了该香菇葡聚糖在0.9%NaCl溶液中的稀溶液行为。由实验数据通过理论计算得出其链构象参数,并且得到
以香菇三螺旋葡聚糖链为稳定剂在其水溶液中成功制备出平均粒径约为12nm的水分散性银纳米粒子。TEM和动态光散射(DLS)结果表明：银纳米粒子通过与多糖链上的羟基间的强静电作用结合到多糖链上,并沿链分布,从而它们可稳定地分散在水中。香菇葡聚糖含大量羟基,不仅可以用于构建银纳米粒子的基质,还能作为稳定剂使纳米粒子稳定地分散在水中。该多糖-银纳米粒子也能稳定的存在于碱性溶液中,而且形成的聚集体不影响银纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌。聚集体的形成是由于多糖三股螺旋链变性为无规线团链导致。同时,利用银纳米粒子为标记物成功地检测出多糖聚集体的形成及其聚集速率。这里提出了种简便、绿色的方法合成水分散性银纳米粒子,它在生物领域有应用前景。
通过香菇多糖还原端上的醛基与十二胺上的胺基反应,成功制备出链末端接有长链烷烃的香菇多糖LNT-C12。该多糖为亲水-疏水嵌段物,它在水中易聚集。由此利用LNT-C12在水中自组装形成微胶囊,该胶囊壁由多糖链平行排列形成单层纳米多糖薄膜及多层膜。改变多糖水溶液和油相(CH2C12)体积比(R),可以调控微胶囊的类型(从水包油O/W变为水包油包水W/OW)和尺寸。该胶囊囊壁较薄(R=2时为90nm),在CH2Cl2挥发过程中微胶囊发生塌陷,但用环氧氯丙烷(ECH)交联多糖可明显阻止微胶囊塌陷。刻多糖微胶囊可以载模型药物聚已内酯(PCL),它们形成LNT-Cl2为囊壁、PCL为核的微球,且微球尺寸可以通过改变R值来调控。这种快速简单制备多糖微胶囊的安全方法,对生物医用微胶囊的应用与开发具有重要意义。
具有三螺旋链和无规线团链不同链构象的两种香菇葡聚糖通过与长链卤代烃反应合成两亲性香菇葡聚糖,它们分别表现出比较刚性和较柔顺性链构象。DLS、SLS、TEM结果证明这两种两亲性多糖可以自组装形成纳米结构囊泡(刚性链)和纳米实心球(柔顺链)。它们的差异性来源于其链刚性的不同：较大的链刚性能支撑球壁,形成中空囊泡结构;而柔顺链则无规聚集形成实心球。由此表明,两亲性多糖自组装过程中链刚性的影响很大。通过控制链刚性,可以调控自组装纳米结构的形貌(实心或者空心纳米球)和尺寸(150～280nm)。另外,这两种纳米球都可以作为药物载体,它们能有效负载药物和提高缓释性。由此,它在生物医用领域有潜在应用。
由虎乳灵芝中提取出的一种多支化葡聚糖PR-CA。通过FT-IR、NMR、GC-MS证明PR-CA为多支链多糖,其支化度为0.4。通过DLS、SLS、TEM和AFM证明它在DMSO中形成稍微疏松的球状链构象,而在水中由于分子内氢键导致链塌缩形成尺寸较小的球形链,并且由于分子间氢键驱动形成聚集体。低分子量PR-CA农现出明显的自组装行为。实验结果揭示多支化β-葡聚糖具有水溶性和易聚集的特点,当分子量较低时容易有序自组装形成纤维并进一步生长形成“松中状”图案聚集体。
上述基础研究成果清楚地确定了香菇多糖和虎乳灵芝多糖的化学结构和链构象。同时,按照香菇葡聚糖的特点进行分子设计,得到不同尺寸和形貌的香菇多糖纳米结构功能材料,它们有潜在应用前景。本工作对真菌多糖的化学结构、链构象与其功能材料性能间的“构效关系”研究提供了有价值的数据,具有重要的学术意义。同时,也为促进香菇葡聚糖的工业化和扩大其应用提供了重要依据,具有应用前景。
Fungal polysaccharides widely exist in the cell walls or cell culture media of fungi. Many kinds of fungal polysaccharides show anti-tumor, anti-virus or anti-oxidation bioactivities. They are ideal candidates as natural health products, drugs and food additives and have wide application prospect in the fields of medicine, food, daily necessities, and biological materials. Polysaccharides extracted from different resources vary in chemical structures, molecular size, and chain conformations, which show obvious influence on their bioactivities. Therefore, it's a challenge and opportunity for us to develop effective extraction methods of polysaccharides and to resolve their chemical structures and chain conformations so that their practical values would be realized. Some progress has already been achieved in polysaccharides functionalization, but more work regarding the chemical and biological features of polysaccharides need to be done. In this thesis, we mainly focus on the chemical structures, conformations and functionalization of fungal polysaccharides. Our purpose is to resolve the chemical structures and conformations with the aid of different analytical methods and polymer solution theory. At the same time, we investigated the functionalization of polysaccharides by different means from nano to micro scale.
The major innovations of this thesis include the followings:(1) We efficiently extracted lentinan from Lenlinus edodes with a green method, and established a kind of facile method for clarifing its chemical structures and triple helical conformation in water;(2) We successfully prepared Ag nanoparticles dispersible in water from the aqueous solution of triple helical lentinan, and studied the aggregation behavior of triple helical chain in base solution with Ag nanoparticles as labeling;(3) We observed the self-assembly of lentinan into a nanofilm for the first time and thus discovered a simple rapid method to prepare lentinan micro vesicles;(4) For the first time we fabricated nano vesicle and nanosphere from amphipathic lentinan and revealed the effect of chain stiffness on structures of self-assembly products;(5) We clarified the chemical structure and conformation of polyporus rhinoceros polysaccharides and found the formation of pine needle-like aggregation.
The main contents and conclusions in this thesis are divided into the following parts. A kind of water-soluble polysaccharides was isolated from Lentinus edodes via a green method developed by the lab. From IR, NMR and GC-MS results, the chemical structure of the polysaccharide with high purity was analyzed to be a kind of β-1,3-D-glucans with two β-1,6-D-residues in interval of every five main-chain residues. The polysaccharide conformation was analyzed by using SEC-MALLS-RI-Visco combination method. The
Water-dispersible silver nanoparticles with mean radius of6nm were created in the triple helical polysaccharide aqueous solution. The results of TEM and DLS revealed that the silver nanoparticles were attached to the polysaccharide chains by the strong electrostatic interactions between the polysaccharides and the silver nanoparticles, leading to the good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the solution. Lentinan with abundant active hydroxyl groups not only supplied a matrix for the constructing of the silver nanoparticles, but also acted as a stabilizer for good dispersion of the nanoparticles in water. The silver nanoparticles could also exist stably in lentinan solution containing NaOH, and the aggregation of denatured polysaccharides did not affect the shape and size of the Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, the aggregation was related to the conformation transition of the polysaccharide from the triple helix to random coil in the solution. A new method to detect the aggregates and aggregation rate was established based on the intensity of the maximum absorption peaks of the polysaccharides labeled by Ag nanoparticles in the UV spectrum. This work provided important information for the creation of the silver nanoparticles via a simple and "green" pathway, and it will have wide applications in the biological field.
Long-chain alkane was introduced to the reducing end of lentinan chains through the reaction between the aldehyde groups and the amine groups of laurylamine (C12H25NH2). The obtained sample (LNT-C12) was proved to form aggregation easily in water. TEM results showed the existing of single layer and multiple layer polysaccharides nano-sheets which were formed by the self-assembly of LNT-C12chains. Taking advantage of the LNT-C12self-assembly process, a simple and quick method was developed to obtain polysaccharides microcapsules. By changing the volume ratio (R) of aqueous phase (LNT-C12) versus organic phase (CH2G2), the type (O/W or W/O/W) and size of the microcapsules can be tuned. As the layer formed by LNT-C12was rather thin (about90nm at R=2) in the microcapsules, collapse happened during the evaporation of CH2Cl2. The stabilization of the microcapsules could be improved obviously after cross-linking by epoxy chloropropan (ECH). The drug-loading ability of the microcapsules was also studied by using polycaprolactone (PCL) as the target drug. The result revealed that PCL could be loaded into the microcapsules, and microspheres with PCL as core and LNT-C12as shell were formed. The size of the microspheres can also be tuned by changing the R value. This work provided a kind of facile method for constructing polysaccharide microcapsules, which can promote the application of letinan in the fields of drug delivery.
Amiphiphilic polysaccharides (lentinan) were obtained with two different chain conformations (triple helical chains and random coil chains). The DLS, SLS and TEM results revealed that the amiphiphilic polysaccharides can self assembly into vehicles (triple helical lentinan) and spheres (random coil lentinan). The difference between the two assembly morphologies (vesicle and sphere) was original from the difference of chain stiffness. The high chain stiffness can prevent further collapse of the nanosphere structure, inducing the existence of vesicles. It proved the importance of chain stiffness on the self-assembly of amiphiphilic polysaccharides. By controlling the chain stiffness, we can tune the morphology and size of the obtained nanostructures. Moreover, the resulted polysaccharides vesicles and spheres can be used as drug carriers.
A kind of water-soluble polysaccharide (PR-CA) from Polyporus rhinoceros was analyzed by FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS. The results indicated that PR-CA was a kind of β-(1,3)-D-glucans with β-1,6-D-residues branches. The degree of branch is calculated to be0.4. The conformation of PR-CA was proved to be random coil in DMSO and to be compact sphere conformation with smaller size in water. What's more, PR-CA with low Mw could form pine needle-like nanostructures consisting of nano-needle structures. This work revealed the chemical structure and conformation, which is import for the further studying on the bioaetivity of PR-CA.
The above results identified the chemical structures and conformations of lentinan and PR-CA. Meanwhile, we successfully prepared functional nano-materials based on lentinan with different sizes and morphologies, after which we studied the preliminary application prospect of these materials. This work provides profound data and academic supporting for studies involving polysaccharides'chemical structure, conformation, properties and their relationship. At the same time, we contributed to the industrialization of lentinan for expanded application.
引文
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