供应链联盟关系稳定性及其对联盟绩效影响的实证研究
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摘要
供应链联盟作为一种新型的企业组织形式,已成为现代企业培育和保持竞争优势的重要途径。但在联盟实践中,供应链联盟的随意性和联盟解体现象广泛存在。因而,探讨供应链联盟关系稳定性的影响因素,研究关系稳定性对联盟绩效的影响等关键问题对提高供应链联盟的成功率,增加联盟绩效具有重要的理论和现实指导意义。
本文基于社会交换理论和目标互依理论,分析了供应链联盟关系稳定性的影响因素,这些影响因素包括:关系资本、关系投入意识、供应者的信任和文化兼容性。进而,本文构建了一个供应链联盟关系资本、关系投入意识、供应者的信任、文化兼容性对关系稳定性的影响以及关系稳定性对联盟绩效影响的概念模型,通过实证研究对概念模型进行了检验。
研究结果表明:关系资本、供应者的信任与关系稳定性呈正效应;关系投入意识、文化兼容性与关系稳定性不呈正效应;关系稳定性与联盟绩效呈正效应。其中,在关系投入意识与关系稳定性的研究分析中发现,当联盟一方的关系投入意识越强时,供应链联盟的关系稳定性越弱;在文化兼容性与关系稳定性的研究分析中发现,联盟企业间的文化兼容性与关系稳定性不存在直接的因果关系。
根据研究的结果,企业可以从国内的实际情况出发,发现企业在供应链联盟中不利于企业间稳定合作的因素,通过建立良好的关系资本、减少联盟企业间的机会主义、建立高效的信任机制和构建有效的冲突协调机制等方法增强供应链联盟的稳定性,提高联盟绩效,提升供应链的竞争力。
Supply chain alliances, as an innovation of organizational relationship, has been playing a vital role in modern corporations to strengthen competitive advantages. But in practice , the phenomenon of instability of supply chain alliances is widespread. So it is obviously of great significance to do researchs on the influence factor of relational stability and the effect of relational stability on alliance performance.it is an essential problem for corporations to solve by using the new competitive of supply chain alliances, raising the rate of success, enhancing alliance performance.
This research analyses the factors affecting relational stability of supply chain alliances, based on the social theory .we believe that the relational capital, relational commitment, trust of supplier and cultural compatibility have something to do with alliance performance. Then this research construct a concept model about the effect of relational capital, relational commitment, trust of supplier, cultural compatibility on relational stability and that of relational stability on alliance performance.
Through empirical research we prove that relational capital and trust of supplier have a positive effect on relational stability while relational commitment as well as cultural compatibility has a negative effect on relational stability and relational stability has a positive effect on alliance performance. Especially, it is found that the more relational commitment the less relational stability and there are non-existent direct relationships between cultural compatibility and relational stability.
According to the research, firms can find out the negative factors affecting inter-organizational stability and through building relational capital, efficient mechanism of solving conflicts, high trust and reducing opportunism, can they increase alliance’s stability, enhance alliance performance and strengthen competence of supply chain alliances.
本文基于社会交换理论和目标互依理论,分析了供应链联盟关系稳定性的影响因素,这些影响因素包括:关系资本、关系投入意识、供应者的信任和文化兼容性。进而,本文构建了一个供应链联盟关系资本、关系投入意识、供应者的信任、文化兼容性对关系稳定性的影响以及关系稳定性对联盟绩效影响的概念模型,通过实证研究对概念模型进行了检验。
研究结果表明:关系资本、供应者的信任与关系稳定性呈正效应;关系投入意识、文化兼容性与关系稳定性不呈正效应;关系稳定性与联盟绩效呈正效应。其中,在关系投入意识与关系稳定性的研究分析中发现,当联盟一方的关系投入意识越强时,供应链联盟的关系稳定性越弱;在文化兼容性与关系稳定性的研究分析中发现,联盟企业间的文化兼容性与关系稳定性不存在直接的因果关系。
根据研究的结果,企业可以从国内的实际情况出发,发现企业在供应链联盟中不利于企业间稳定合作的因素,通过建立良好的关系资本、减少联盟企业间的机会主义、建立高效的信任机制和构建有效的冲突协调机制等方法增强供应链联盟的稳定性,提高联盟绩效,提升供应链的竞争力。
Supply chain alliances, as an innovation of organizational relationship, has been playing a vital role in modern corporations to strengthen competitive advantages. But in practice , the phenomenon of instability of supply chain alliances is widespread. So it is obviously of great significance to do researchs on the influence factor of relational stability and the effect of relational stability on alliance performance.it is an essential problem for corporations to solve by using the new competitive of supply chain alliances, raising the rate of success, enhancing alliance performance.
This research analyses the factors affecting relational stability of supply chain alliances, based on the social theory .we believe that the relational capital, relational commitment, trust of supplier and cultural compatibility have something to do with alliance performance. Then this research construct a concept model about the effect of relational capital, relational commitment, trust of supplier, cultural compatibility on relational stability and that of relational stability on alliance performance.
Through empirical research we prove that relational capital and trust of supplier have a positive effect on relational stability while relational commitment as well as cultural compatibility has a negative effect on relational stability and relational stability has a positive effect on alliance performance. Especially, it is found that the more relational commitment the less relational stability and there are non-existent direct relationships between cultural compatibility and relational stability.
According to the research, firms can find out the negative factors affecting inter-organizational stability and through building relational capital, efficient mechanism of solving conflicts, high trust and reducing opportunism, can they increase alliance’s stability, enhance alliance performance and strengthen competence of supply chain alliances.
引文
[1]姚娟,一体化供应链的管理,企业研究,2002(13):23-25。
[2]夏昊,供应链的最优管理模式:供应钵联朋链联盟研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2004:3-19。
[3]鲍连彬,供应链联盟的经济学分析[硕士学位论文],上海:上海海事大学,2005。
[4] J.M. Whipple, R. Frankel and P.J. Daugherty, Information support for alliances: performance implications, Journal of Business Logistics 2002,23(2), pp.67–82.
[5] Treleven M.. Single Sourcing: A management tool for the quality supplier. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 1987,23(1), pp.19-24.
[6] Newman R G. Single source qualification .International Journal of Purchasing and Materials.100 Management ,1988,24(2),pp.10-17.
[7] Anonymous. Strategic Alliances: Managing the Supply Chain.Oil&Gas Journal, 1998,96(4),pp.62.
[8] Scott Budoff Vctor Krupinski. Supply chain alliances offer added value for the power industry .Power Engineering, Nov2003,107(11), pp.114.
[9] Rosabeth Moss Kante,李田树译,合作优势一结盟的艺术,世界经理文摘,1994(7):30-35。
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[26] G.V. Krogh, I. Nonaka and M. Aben, Making the most of your company's knowledge: a strategic framework, Long Range Planning ,2001,34(4), pp. 421–439.
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[31] Charles. J.Corbett ete.,Partnerships to ImProve Supply Chains,Sloan Management Review,1999(5) , pp.122-125.
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[34] Das,T.K.,&Teng,B..Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. Academy of Management Review , 1998,23, pp.491-512.
[35] Parkhe,A. Strategic alliance structuring: A game theory and transaction cost examination of interfirm cooperation. Academy of Management Journal,1993,36,pp.794-829.
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[39] Pyke David F,Morris A. Cohen, Multi-Product Integrated Production-Distribution Systems. European Journal Of Operational Research,1994, 74(1), pp.18-49.
[40] Nicoll Andrew D. Integrating Logistics Strategies Annual International Conference Proceedings-American Production And Inventory Control Society.1994, pp.590-594.
[41] Cohen M A,Zheng Y S, Agrawal V, Service Parts Logistics: A Benchmark Analysis.IIE Transactions, 1997, 29 pp. 627-639.
[42] Williams T M, Stock Control With Sporadic And Slow-Moving. Demand Journal Of The Operational Research Society, 1994, 35(10),pp.939-948.
[43]马祖军、武振业,供应链联盟及其成因分析,软科学,2002(4):17-21。
[44]高涌、朱怀意,供应链联盟形成过程的经济学解释,科技与管理闭,2002(3):30-32。
[45]王能民、孙林岩、汪应洛,绿色制造模式下的供应商选择,系统工程,2001(2):37-41。
[46]王家顺、王田苗等,一种基于模糊层次分析法的供应商评价模型的研究,微电子学与计算机,2001(2):59-64。
[47]戴勇,基于AHP的DEA分析基础上的虚拟物流企业联盟伙伴选择,系统工程,2002(5):47-51。
[48]陈静杰、王扶东、朱云龙、薛劲松,基于群决策的供应链伙伴选择与评价过程,控制与决策,2002(11):690-694。
[49]邱灿华、周文泳、钟竟,基于供应链联盟的企业联盟能力分析,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004(10):1-5。
[50]金怡、邬文兵,中外战略联盟中的企业文化冲突及管理策略,企业管理,2006(03):60-62。
[51]周熙,供应链上企业间战略联盟稳定性研究[硕士学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2005。
[52]李瑞涵、赵强、昊育华,合作理论及其稳定性分析,天津大学学报,2002, Vo1.35(6):715-717。
[53]朱顺泉,供应链企业博弈模型的构建及其分析研究,暨南学报(人文科学与社会科学版),2004(4):22-25, 137。
[54]廖成林、孙洪杰,均势供应链及其利润分配机制探讨,管理工程学报,2003(4):83-85。
[55]徐贤浩、马士华、陈荣秋,供应链绩效评价特点及其指标体系研究,华中理工大学学报(社会科学版),2000(2):69-72。[56」马士华,供应链绩效驱动与平衡,电子商务世界,2003 (21 ):13-18。
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[2]夏昊,供应链的最优管理模式:供应钵联朋链联盟研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2004:3-19。
[3]鲍连彬,供应链联盟的经济学分析[硕士学位论文],上海:上海海事大学,2005。
[4] J.M. Whipple, R. Frankel and P.J. Daugherty, Information support for alliances: performance implications, Journal of Business Logistics 2002,23(2), pp.67–82.
[5] Treleven M.. Single Sourcing: A management tool for the quality supplier. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 1987,23(1), pp.19-24.
[6] Newman R G. Single source qualification .International Journal of Purchasing and Materials.100 Management ,1988,24(2),pp.10-17.
[7] Anonymous. Strategic Alliances: Managing the Supply Chain.Oil&Gas Journal, 1998,96(4),pp.62.
[8] Scott Budoff Vctor Krupinski. Supply chain alliances offer added value for the power industry .Power Engineering, Nov2003,107(11), pp.114.
[9] Rosabeth Moss Kante,李田树译,合作优势一结盟的艺术,世界经理文摘,1994(7):30-35。
[10] Chun-Wei R. Lin, Hong-Y S. Chen.A fuzzy strategic alliance selection framework for supply chain partnering under limited evaluation resources.Computers in Industry, 2004,55(2), pp.159-179.
[11] Weber C A.,Current J R, Benton W C. Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods.European Journal ofOperational Research, 1991,50(1), pp.2-18.
[12] Charlesaw,Johnrc. A multiobjective approach to vendor selection.European Journal of Operational Research ,1993,68(2), pp.173-184.
[13] Roodhooft F, Konings J. Vendor selection and evaluation: An activity-based costing approach. European Journal of Operation Research, 1996, 13(1), pp.97-102.
[14] Marcos Singer, Patricio Donoso, Pedro Traverso. Quality strategies in supply chain alliances of disposable items.Omega 2003,31(6), pp.499-509.
[15] Toni A., G Nassimbeni. Supply Networks: Genesis, Stability and Logistics implications.A comparative analysis of two districts, Omega.1995,23(4), pp.403-418.
[16] K.M. Eisenhardt and C.B. Schoonhoven, Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms, Organization Science 1996,7(2) ,pp. 136–150.
[17] R. Gulati and D. Kletter, Shrinking core, expanding periphery: the relational architecture of high-performing organizations, California Management Review,2005, 47(3), pp. 77–104.
[18] R.M. Morgan and S.D. Hunt, The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of Marketing ,1994,58(3), pp. 20–38.
[19] K.H. Lai, T.C.E. Cheng and A.C.L. Yeung, Relationship stability and supplier commitment to quality, International Journal of Production Economics,2005,9 6(3), pp. 397–410.
[20] J.T. Landry, Supply chain management: the case for alliances, Harvard Business Review ,1998,76(6), pp. 24–25.
[21] B. Fynes and C. Voss, The moderating effect of buyer–supplier relationships on quality practices and performance, International Journal of Operations and Production Management ,2002,22(6), pp. 589–613.
[22] L.M. Ellram and M.C. Cooper, Supply chain management, partnerships, and the shipper-third party relationship, International Journal of Logistics Management,1990, 1(2), pp. 1–10.
[23] J.D. Lewis, The new power of strategic alliances, Planning Review ,1992,20(5), pp. 45–62.
[24] J.T. Landry, Supply chain management: the case for alliances, Harvard BusinessReview,1998, 76(6), pp. 24–25.
[25] H. Shin, D.A. Collier and D.D. Wilson, Supply management orientation and supplier/buyer performance, Journal of Operations Management ,2000,18(3), pp. 317–333.
[26] G.V. Krogh, I. Nonaka and M. Aben, Making the most of your company's knowledge: a strategic framework, Long Range Planning ,2001,34(4), pp. 421–439.
[27]陈耀,波特产业结构理论的修正与企业发展战略新选择,管理世界,2002(12):148-149。
[28] Luo,Y. Partner selection and venturingsuccess: The case of joint ventures with firms in the People's Republic of China. Organization Science,1997,8, pp.648-662.
[29] Choi, T.Y., Hartley. J.L: An exploration of supplier selection practices across the supply chain, Journal of Operations Management, 1996,14(4) , pp. 333-343.
[30] Jones,A..Virtual supply chain system a test一based system using diserete event simulation,National Institute of Standards and Teehnology Gaithersburg, MD, Musashi University, Tokyo, 1997 ,pp.110-113.
[31] Charles. J.Corbett ete.,Partnerships to ImProve Supply Chains,Sloan Management Review,1999(5) , pp.122-125.
[32] Doz,Y.L. The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances: Initial conditions or learning processes? Strategic ManagementJournal,1996,17, pp.55-83.
[33] Hat field,L.,&Pearce II,J.A.Goal achievement and satisfaction of joint venture partners. Journal of Business Venturing ,1994,9, pp.423-449.
[34] Das,T.K.,&Teng,B..Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. Academy of Management Review , 1998,23, pp.491-512.
[35] Parkhe,A. Strategic alliance structuring: A game theory and transaction cost examination of interfirm cooperation. Academy of Management Journal,1993,36,pp.794-829.
[36] Fryxell,G.E.,Dooley,R.S.,& Vryza,M. After the ink dries: The interaction of trust and control in us-based international joint ventures. Journal of Management Studies,2002,39, pp.865-886.
[37]武志伟、茅宁、陈莹,企业间合作绩效影响机制的实证研究——基于148家国内企业的分析,管理世界,2005(09):43-46。
[38] Christopher, Martin. Logistics And Supply Chain Management, Richard D.Irwin, Inc..Financial Times, New York, NY1994, pp.45-47.
[39] Pyke David F,Morris A. Cohen, Multi-Product Integrated Production-Distribution Systems. European Journal Of Operational Research,1994, 74(1), pp.18-49.
[40] Nicoll Andrew D. Integrating Logistics Strategies Annual International Conference Proceedings-American Production And Inventory Control Society.1994, pp.590-594.
[41] Cohen M A,Zheng Y S, Agrawal V, Service Parts Logistics: A Benchmark Analysis.IIE Transactions, 1997, 29 pp. 627-639.
[42] Williams T M, Stock Control With Sporadic And Slow-Moving. Demand Journal Of The Operational Research Society, 1994, 35(10),pp.939-948.
[43]马祖军、武振业,供应链联盟及其成因分析,软科学,2002(4):17-21。
[44]高涌、朱怀意,供应链联盟形成过程的经济学解释,科技与管理闭,2002(3):30-32。
[45]王能民、孙林岩、汪应洛,绿色制造模式下的供应商选择,系统工程,2001(2):37-41。
[46]王家顺、王田苗等,一种基于模糊层次分析法的供应商评价模型的研究,微电子学与计算机,2001(2):59-64。
[47]戴勇,基于AHP的DEA分析基础上的虚拟物流企业联盟伙伴选择,系统工程,2002(5):47-51。
[48]陈静杰、王扶东、朱云龙、薛劲松,基于群决策的供应链伙伴选择与评价过程,控制与决策,2002(11):690-694。
[49]邱灿华、周文泳、钟竟,基于供应链联盟的企业联盟能力分析,厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004(10):1-5。
[50]金怡、邬文兵,中外战略联盟中的企业文化冲突及管理策略,企业管理,2006(03):60-62。
[51]周熙,供应链上企业间战略联盟稳定性研究[硕士学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2005。
[52]李瑞涵、赵强、昊育华,合作理论及其稳定性分析,天津大学学报,2002, Vo1.35(6):715-717。
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