中药逆流提取机组控制系统的研究与开发
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摘要
中药提取是中药生产线上最关键的和排在最前一道工序,是决定中药生产中收得率和水电气能耗的关键,提取设备的自动化是中药生产现代化的关键环节。当前工厂使用的中药提取设备自动化程度低,提取速度和质量无法保证,研制高效可靠的自动提取设备就显得十分必要。
本文从实际应用需求出发,开发了基于中药逆流提取机组的控制系统,实现了罐组式动态逆流提取机组的自动化。主要研究内容包括中药生产过程和动态逆流提取工艺的研究、机组控制系统的总体方案的设计、提取过程关键参数的控制方法研究以及系统软硬件平台的开发和实现。
首先,分析了中药生产主要过程、连续逆流提取技术的主要原理和罐组式逆流提取机组的生产工艺;根据提取机组的工艺要求得到过程控制中的关键参数,并设计了控制方法;在此基础上,提出了基于工业控制计算机和WINDOWS操作系统的总体控制方案。其次,设计开发了系统的硬件平台,包括中药提取机组专用基于ISA总线的控制板卡的设计制作、传感器的选型及工控机系统的配置。再次,使用Visual C++ 6.0完成控制系统软件的开发,包括根据浓度反馈控制系统提取速度的PID控制模块、查表法温度控制模块、传感器标定模块、手自动控制模块、系统自动运行流程调度模块以及友好的人机交互模块的设计和实现。最后,完成系统调试和实验,验证了整机系统设计的合理性和可靠性。
本文所设计开发的中药逆流提取机组具有提取效率高、能耗低、全自动化等特点,在中药生产行业有广泛的应用前景。
Chinese Traditional Medicine’s (CTM) extraction, which is the key to yield and energy consumption, is the first and the most important process in CTM’s production line. So CTM’s extraction equipment automation is the key to the modernization of CTM’s production line. Because of the low automation level and extraction speed of current CTM’s extraction equipment, the extraction quality can not been guaranteed. So it is very necessary to develop highly efficient and reliable automatic extraction equipment.
According to the needs of practical applications, a CTM’s counter-current extraction control system, which is used for a dynamic counter-current extraction equipment of CTM, is researched and designed in the thesis. The main contents are the CTM’s production process, CTM’s counter-current extraction process, the overall design of control system, key parameters of the extraction process control and system hardware and software platform.
First of all, the analysis of the CTM’s production line, the main principles of continuous counter-current extraction, the production process of tank-type counter-current extraction equipment and the control method of key parameters in accordance with the production process are introduced in the thesis. Then the overall control scheme based on Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) and WINDOWS operating system is proposed. Second, this thesis analyses the design and development of the system's hardware platform, including the printed circuit board based on ISA-bus especially for CTM’s extraction equipment, selection of sensors and the configuration of IPC. Third, the control system software development using Visual C++ 6.0 is introduced, including the extracting speed control method module according to the concentration of extracted medicine, the temperature control module of extracting pots, sensor calibration module,manual and automatic control module, the system automatically processes scheduling module and friendly human-machine interface module. Finally, the system testing and extracting experiments are finished.
The practical results show that the CTM’s counter-current extraction equipment has the properties of high extraction efficiency, low consumption, fully automated features and so on. It has a wide application prospect in CTM’s production industry.
本文从实际应用需求出发,开发了基于中药逆流提取机组的控制系统,实现了罐组式动态逆流提取机组的自动化。主要研究内容包括中药生产过程和动态逆流提取工艺的研究、机组控制系统的总体方案的设计、提取过程关键参数的控制方法研究以及系统软硬件平台的开发和实现。
首先,分析了中药生产主要过程、连续逆流提取技术的主要原理和罐组式逆流提取机组的生产工艺;根据提取机组的工艺要求得到过程控制中的关键参数,并设计了控制方法;在此基础上,提出了基于工业控制计算机和WINDOWS操作系统的总体控制方案。其次,设计开发了系统的硬件平台,包括中药提取机组专用基于ISA总线的控制板卡的设计制作、传感器的选型及工控机系统的配置。再次,使用Visual C++ 6.0完成控制系统软件的开发,包括根据浓度反馈控制系统提取速度的PID控制模块、查表法温度控制模块、传感器标定模块、手自动控制模块、系统自动运行流程调度模块以及友好的人机交互模块的设计和实现。最后,完成系统调试和实验,验证了整机系统设计的合理性和可靠性。
本文所设计开发的中药逆流提取机组具有提取效率高、能耗低、全自动化等特点,在中药生产行业有广泛的应用前景。
Chinese Traditional Medicine’s (CTM) extraction, which is the key to yield and energy consumption, is the first and the most important process in CTM’s production line. So CTM’s extraction equipment automation is the key to the modernization of CTM’s production line. Because of the low automation level and extraction speed of current CTM’s extraction equipment, the extraction quality can not been guaranteed. So it is very necessary to develop highly efficient and reliable automatic extraction equipment.
According to the needs of practical applications, a CTM’s counter-current extraction control system, which is used for a dynamic counter-current extraction equipment of CTM, is researched and designed in the thesis. The main contents are the CTM’s production process, CTM’s counter-current extraction process, the overall design of control system, key parameters of the extraction process control and system hardware and software platform.
First of all, the analysis of the CTM’s production line, the main principles of continuous counter-current extraction, the production process of tank-type counter-current extraction equipment and the control method of key parameters in accordance with the production process are introduced in the thesis. Then the overall control scheme based on Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) and WINDOWS operating system is proposed. Second, this thesis analyses the design and development of the system's hardware platform, including the printed circuit board based on ISA-bus especially for CTM’s extraction equipment, selection of sensors and the configuration of IPC. Third, the control system software development using Visual C++ 6.0 is introduced, including the extracting speed control method module according to the concentration of extracted medicine, the temperature control module of extracting pots, sensor calibration module,manual and automatic control module, the system automatically processes scheduling module and friendly human-machine interface module. Finally, the system testing and extracting experiments are finished.
The practical results show that the CTM’s counter-current extraction equipment has the properties of high extraction efficiency, low consumption, fully automated features and so on. It has a wide application prospect in CTM’s production industry.
引文
[1]科技部,卫生部,国家中医药管理局等.中医药创新发展规划纲要(2006-2020年). 2007.3.
[2]卢晓江.中药提取工艺与设备.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[3]郁威,冯年平.中药提取分离技术原理与应用.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005.
[4]中华人民共和国药典委员会.中国药典.一部.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[5]易克传,岳鹏翔,汪维云.动态逆流提取设备在天然产物提取中的应用.包装与食品机械. 2005. 23 (4).
[6]杨建新.中药提取与自动控制.中国医药技术与市场. 2007.1.
[7]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程.北京.电子工业出版社. 2004.
[8]潘爱民. Visual C++技术内幕.北京.清华大学出版社. 1999.
[9]龙丽姮.智能控制方法在中药浓缩过程中的研究及应用.长沙:湖南大学,2007.
[10]陈全.中药生产浓缩工艺智能控制系统的研制.长沙:中南大学,2005.
[11] Mei Liu,Yongguo Li,Guixin Chou,Xuemei Cheng,Mian Zhang,Zhengtao Wang. Extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in a Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae .Journal of Chromatography A. 2007, 1157 :51-55.
[12] Devanand P. Fulzele and Ramesh K. Satdive. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida .Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1063 (1-2) :9-13.
[13] Pare J R Jocelyn. Microwave-assisted extraction from materials containing organic matter [P].US5458897. 1995-10.
[14] Raju.Adaptive Hierarehieal Fuzzy Controller. IEEE TRANSACTIONSONS ON SYSTEMS,MAN,AND CYBERNETICS,VOL.23,N0.4, JULYIAUGUST 1993.
[15] Katalin Ganzler, Andras Salgo. Microwave extraction-A new method superseding traditional Soxhlet extraction .CA, 1987, 107 :38160
[16]朱宏吉,张明贤.制药设备与工程设计.化学化工出版社. 2004.7.
[17]王生瑶.连续逆流提取工艺的设备及其应用.应用能源技术. 2007.2 (110).
[18]宋杰贤,沈晓平,葛发欢,赵向勇.中药提取过程的自动化控制技术.中药材第29卷第9期. 2006.9.
[19]王小明.我国中药产业的现状及发展对策.重庆邮电学院学报(社会科学版). 2003.6.
[20] Chen S S ,and Spiro. M. Study of microwave extraction of essential oil constituents from plant materials . Journal of Microwave and Electromagnetic Engergy, 1994.
[21] Pan Xuejun, Liu Huizhou, Jia Guanghe, Shu Younyuen. Microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root .Biochem. Eng. J, 2000, 5(3) :173-177.
[22] Devanand P. Fulzele and Ramesh K. Satdive. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida .Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1063 (1-2) :9-13.
[23] Xin Chu,Ailing Sun,Renmin Liu. Preparative isolation and purification of five compounds fromthe Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.Et Zucc by high-speed counter-current chromatog-raphy .J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1097 :33～39.
[24] Zhang Li,Sun Yang,Chen Ting,etal. Selective depletion of gly-cyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers ad-hesion and metalloproteinases production of Tlymphocytes .International Immunopharmacology, 2005, 5 (7～8) :1193～1204 .
[25]仝建刚,马培荪,窦瑞军,曹志奎.新一代中药自动配药控制系统中关键技术的研究.制造业自动化. 2001. (10).
[26]禹涛.基于多轴运动控制器的中药自动配方机取药控制系统的应用研究.硕士学位论文.广东工业大学, 2003.
[27]孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[28]廖效果,刘又午,朱剑英.数控技术.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000.
[29]陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程.电子工业出版社. 2004.
[30]叶伯生,朱志红,熊清平.计算机数控系统原理、编程与操作.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.
[31]余少冲,杨祖金,袁雨捷,葛发欢.罐组动态逆流提取中药杜仲叶中总黄酮和绿原酸的研究.中药材,2009.2.
[32] Wang,L,Weller,CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants .Trends Food Sci Technol, 2006, 17 :300~312.
[33] You,J.Y,Zhang, H.R,Ding,L.et al. Dynamic Microwave-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae[J] .CHEM. RES. CHINESE U, 2007.
[34]祝银灿.中药提取过程监控系统的设计与研究.天津:天津科技大学,2005.
[35]黄挚雄.中药生产过程优化控制策略的研究.长沙:中南大学,2006.
[36]陈勇,蔡铭,刘雪松,瞿海斌,程翼宇.罐组逆流提取工艺参数的多指标优化方法研究.中国药学杂志, 2006,(13).
[37] Kincl M, Turk S, Vrecer F. Application of experimental design methodology in development and optimization of drug release method .Int J Pharm, 2005, 291(1-2) :39–49 .
[38] Nazzal S,Nutan M,Palamakulaa,et al. Optimization of a self-nanoemulsified tablet dosage form of Ubiquinone using response surface methodology. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2002, 240 :103-114 .
[39] LI P,LI S P,LAO S C,et al. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for Z-ligustilide,Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis .JPharm Biomed Anal, 2006, 40 (5) :1073-1079 .
[40] TOMMASO R I C,DONATELLA O,DONATELLA N,et al. A three-factor Doehlert matrix design in optimising the determination of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide by cation-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection .Anal Chim Acta, 2007, 597 (1) :129-136.
[41]谢志鹏,刘雪松,陈勇,蔡铭,瞿海斌,程翼宇.动态罐组式逆流提取技术在中药生产中的应用研究进展中国中药杂志,2007,(10).
[42]孙增圻.智能控制理论与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[43]韩平,张燕,何荣.逆流提取工艺在中药提取中的应用.西部医学,2009,(02) :284-285.
[44]翁维勤,孙洪程.过程控制系统及工程(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[45]崔宇昊.中药生产过程自动化智能控制系统的研究.长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[46] Cao Jianbo,Cao Binggang,Chen Wenzhi,et al. Neural network self-adaptive PID control for drivingand regenerative braking of electric Vehicle[C] .2007 IEEE International Conference on Automationand Logistics. 2007, :2029-2034 .
[47] J. Mou. A Method of Using Neural Networks and Inverse Kinematics for Machine Tools Error Estimation and Correction. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 1997(119): 247-254.
[2]卢晓江.中药提取工艺与设备.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[3]郁威,冯年平.中药提取分离技术原理与应用.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005.
[4]中华人民共和国药典委员会.中国药典.一部.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[5]易克传,岳鹏翔,汪维云.动态逆流提取设备在天然产物提取中的应用.包装与食品机械. 2005. 23 (4).
[6]杨建新.中药提取与自动控制.中国医药技术与市场. 2007.1.
[7]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程.北京.电子工业出版社. 2004.
[8]潘爱民. Visual C++技术内幕.北京.清华大学出版社. 1999.
[9]龙丽姮.智能控制方法在中药浓缩过程中的研究及应用.长沙:湖南大学,2007.
[10]陈全.中药生产浓缩工艺智能控制系统的研制.长沙:中南大学,2005.
[11] Mei Liu,Yongguo Li,Guixin Chou,Xuemei Cheng,Mian Zhang,Zhengtao Wang. Extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in a Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae .Journal of Chromatography A. 2007, 1157 :51-55.
[12] Devanand P. Fulzele and Ramesh K. Satdive. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida .Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1063 (1-2) :9-13.
[13] Pare J R Jocelyn. Microwave-assisted extraction from materials containing organic matter [P].US5458897. 1995-10.
[14] Raju.Adaptive Hierarehieal Fuzzy Controller. IEEE TRANSACTIONSONS ON SYSTEMS,MAN,AND CYBERNETICS,VOL.23,N0.4, JULYIAUGUST 1993.
[15] Katalin Ganzler, Andras Salgo. Microwave extraction-A new method superseding traditional Soxhlet extraction .CA, 1987, 107 :38160
[16]朱宏吉,张明贤.制药设备与工程设计.化学化工出版社. 2004.7.
[17]王生瑶.连续逆流提取工艺的设备及其应用.应用能源技术. 2007.2 (110).
[18]宋杰贤,沈晓平,葛发欢,赵向勇.中药提取过程的自动化控制技术.中药材第29卷第9期. 2006.9.
[19]王小明.我国中药产业的现状及发展对策.重庆邮电学院学报(社会科学版). 2003.6.
[20] Chen S S ,and Spiro. M. Study of microwave extraction of essential oil constituents from plant materials . Journal of Microwave and Electromagnetic Engergy, 1994.
[21] Pan Xuejun, Liu Huizhou, Jia Guanghe, Shu Younyuen. Microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root .Biochem. Eng. J, 2000, 5(3) :173-177.
[22] Devanand P. Fulzele and Ramesh K. Satdive. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida .Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1063 (1-2) :9-13.
[23] Xin Chu,Ailing Sun,Renmin Liu. Preparative isolation and purification of five compounds fromthe Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.Et Zucc by high-speed counter-current chromatog-raphy .J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1097 :33～39.
[24] Zhang Li,Sun Yang,Chen Ting,etal. Selective depletion of gly-cyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers ad-hesion and metalloproteinases production of Tlymphocytes .International Immunopharmacology, 2005, 5 (7～8) :1193～1204 .
[25]仝建刚,马培荪,窦瑞军,曹志奎.新一代中药自动配药控制系统中关键技术的研究.制造业自动化. 2001. (10).
[26]禹涛.基于多轴运动控制器的中药自动配方机取药控制系统的应用研究.硕士学位论文.广东工业大学, 2003.
[27]孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[28]廖效果,刘又午,朱剑英.数控技术.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000.
[29]陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程.电子工业出版社. 2004.
[30]叶伯生,朱志红,熊清平.计算机数控系统原理、编程与操作.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.
[31]余少冲,杨祖金,袁雨捷,葛发欢.罐组动态逆流提取中药杜仲叶中总黄酮和绿原酸的研究.中药材,2009.2.
[32] Wang,L,Weller,CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants .Trends Food Sci Technol, 2006, 17 :300~312.
[33] You,J.Y,Zhang, H.R,Ding,L.et al. Dynamic Microwave-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae[J] .CHEM. RES. CHINESE U, 2007.
[34]祝银灿.中药提取过程监控系统的设计与研究.天津:天津科技大学,2005.
[35]黄挚雄.中药生产过程优化控制策略的研究.长沙:中南大学,2006.
[36]陈勇,蔡铭,刘雪松,瞿海斌,程翼宇.罐组逆流提取工艺参数的多指标优化方法研究.中国药学杂志, 2006,(13).
[37] Kincl M, Turk S, Vrecer F. Application of experimental design methodology in development and optimization of drug release method .Int J Pharm, 2005, 291(1-2) :39–49 .
[38] Nazzal S,Nutan M,Palamakulaa,et al. Optimization of a self-nanoemulsified tablet dosage form of Ubiquinone using response surface methodology. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2002, 240 :103-114 .
[39] LI P,LI S P,LAO S C,et al. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for Z-ligustilide,Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis .JPharm Biomed Anal, 2006, 40 (5) :1073-1079 .
[40] TOMMASO R I C,DONATELLA O,DONATELLA N,et al. A three-factor Doehlert matrix design in optimising the determination of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide by cation-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection .Anal Chim Acta, 2007, 597 (1) :129-136.
[41]谢志鹏,刘雪松,陈勇,蔡铭,瞿海斌,程翼宇.动态罐组式逆流提取技术在中药生产中的应用研究进展中国中药杂志,2007,(10).
[42]孙增圻.智能控制理论与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[43]韩平,张燕,何荣.逆流提取工艺在中药提取中的应用.西部医学,2009,(02) :284-285.
[44]翁维勤,孙洪程.过程控制系统及工程(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[45]崔宇昊.中药生产过程自动化智能控制系统的研究.长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[46] Cao Jianbo,Cao Binggang,Chen Wenzhi,et al. Neural network self-adaptive PID control for drivingand regenerative braking of electric Vehicle[C] .2007 IEEE International Conference on Automationand Logistics. 2007, :2029-2034 .
[47] J. Mou. A Method of Using Neural Networks and Inverse Kinematics for Machine Tools Error Estimation and Correction. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 1997(119): 247-254.