建筑节能与可再生能源应用研究
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摘要
随着经济的不断发展,我国的工业、交通和建筑能耗都在不断增加。我国的能源消耗生产已经跟不上经济发展的步伐。能源短缺已经成为制约我国经济发展和人民生活水平提高的瓶颈。建筑能耗占社会总能耗的30%～40%,实施建筑节能对保护生态环境,实现社会的可持续发展意义重大。
本文论述了能源的可持续开发利用、节约能源、提高能源使用效率及能源使用过程中对环境污染等重要问题;并对国内外建筑节能投资引导政策进行了比较,借鉴了国外建筑节能的实践经验;同时结合我国在建筑节能领域存在的问题,研究了建筑节能领域中政策、市场及技术之间的内在联系。提出了政府对节能建筑投资商、节能产品供应商的激励政策和税收政策是建筑节能的关键,培育具有市场经济的节能市场是建筑节能的基础,开发节能新技术是建筑节能的前提的观点。文中还阐述了可再生能源开发利用的前景,采用理论分析和工程应用案例对比的方法,提出了一系列既有住宅建筑节能和新建建筑使用可再生能源的途径和有效的技术措施。
本文对建筑节能项目的投资效益和节能效果进行了评价,提出了建立评价体系的必要性、重要性以及建立评价体系的原则和方法。这些对我国建筑节能政策的制定和实施有一定的参考价值。
With the development of the economic, there are increasing in the industry, traffic and energy efficiency in buildings. The production of energy efficiency doesn't keep up with the development of the economic in our country. Energy Shortage is the bottleneck restrict in developing the economic and improving the standard of living. Energy efficiency in buildings is about 30%～40% of the whole energy consumption. The actualization of energy saving in buildings is great significance in protecting the entironments and realizing sustainable development of the society.
In this paper, author expounds the importance of the sustainable exploitation and energy saving, of enhancement of energy using efficiency and of reduction the environmental contamination using fossil energy. Author researches of energy saving actuality in the U.S and Japan, in order to use good qualities for reference; Author also researches of energy consumption in China, and the inside contact with the policy, technique and the market of energy saving in buildings.
So, author puts forward incentive policy of the investors of energy saving buildings and the suppliers of energy saving products, tax policy of adjusting the energy products and protecting the entironments. The using prospect of new and renewable energy also is expounded. The methods of theory analysis and engineering cases comparison are used. There are a series of methods and technological measures of energy saving in existing buildings and new energy exploitation in this paper.
Author values the investment benefit and the effect of energy saving in buildings. So it is very necessary and important of constituting the evaluation system. Through the market of healthy energy saving in buildings, the incentive policy and the technology of energy saving, it can stimulate the investors and requirement of the energy saving. In this paper, author intends to resolve the problem that energy saving in buildings and renewable energy are be accepted and invested.
本文论述了能源的可持续开发利用、节约能源、提高能源使用效率及能源使用过程中对环境污染等重要问题;并对国内外建筑节能投资引导政策进行了比较,借鉴了国外建筑节能的实践经验;同时结合我国在建筑节能领域存在的问题,研究了建筑节能领域中政策、市场及技术之间的内在联系。提出了政府对节能建筑投资商、节能产品供应商的激励政策和税收政策是建筑节能的关键,培育具有市场经济的节能市场是建筑节能的基础,开发节能新技术是建筑节能的前提的观点。文中还阐述了可再生能源开发利用的前景,采用理论分析和工程应用案例对比的方法,提出了一系列既有住宅建筑节能和新建建筑使用可再生能源的途径和有效的技术措施。
本文对建筑节能项目的投资效益和节能效果进行了评价,提出了建立评价体系的必要性、重要性以及建立评价体系的原则和方法。这些对我国建筑节能政策的制定和实施有一定的参考价值。
With the development of the economic, there are increasing in the industry, traffic and energy efficiency in buildings. The production of energy efficiency doesn't keep up with the development of the economic in our country. Energy Shortage is the bottleneck restrict in developing the economic and improving the standard of living. Energy efficiency in buildings is about 30%～40% of the whole energy consumption. The actualization of energy saving in buildings is great significance in protecting the entironments and realizing sustainable development of the society.
In this paper, author expounds the importance of the sustainable exploitation and energy saving, of enhancement of energy using efficiency and of reduction the environmental contamination using fossil energy. Author researches of energy saving actuality in the U.S and Japan, in order to use good qualities for reference; Author also researches of energy consumption in China, and the inside contact with the policy, technique and the market of energy saving in buildings.
So, author puts forward incentive policy of the investors of energy saving buildings and the suppliers of energy saving products, tax policy of adjusting the energy products and protecting the entironments. The using prospect of new and renewable energy also is expounded. The methods of theory analysis and engineering cases comparison are used. There are a series of methods and technological measures of energy saving in existing buildings and new energy exploitation in this paper.
Author values the investment benefit and the effect of energy saving in buildings. So it is very necessary and important of constituting the evaluation system. Through the market of healthy energy saving in buildings, the incentive policy and the technology of energy saving, it can stimulate the investors and requirement of the energy saving. In this paper, author intends to resolve the problem that energy saving in buildings and renewable energy are be accepted and invested.
引文
[1]周风起,王庆一主编.中国能源五十年.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[2]杨善勤,郎四维,涂逢样编著.建筑节能.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[3]白胜芳.节约能源保护环境.中国建设报(中国建材).CN11-0038,2003(108).
[4]Conference Report,Energy Policy,2001(29).
[5]Energy policy research and State of Florida,Rand/P,2001.
[6]韩建新,颜宏亮.21世纪建筑新技术论丛.上海:同济大学出版社,2000:131-132.
[7]宋琳,建筑节能投资引导政策研究.2004.1.
[8]Conference Report on House of Representatives 6,Energy Policy ActHouse of Representatives July 29,2001.
[9]IEA.Renewable Energy:Market & Policy Tends in lEA Counties.Pads:OECD Publications,2004.
[10]Pablo Arocena,Ignacio Contin,and Emilio Huerta."Price regulation in the Spanish energy sectors:Who benefits?".Energy Policy,2002,30(10):885-895.
[11]夏光,王凤春等.环境与发展综合决策,中国环境科学出版社,2000.12.
[12]Bolton,P,Brodley,J.F.:Predatory pricing:strategic theory and legal policy,2000.
[13]王志刚.建筑节能及新能源研究.硕士论文,2005.
[14]李鹏程.能源经济研究.博士论文,2002.
[15]促进我国建筑节能工作的建议.建设部建筑节能中心,2004.
[16]涂逢祥.建筑节能现状及发展趋势.住宅科技,2004.
[17]陈顺治.推进建筑节能的政府行为与政策研究,博十学位论文.西南财经大学,2006.
[18]涂逢祥.建筑节能-中国节能战略的必然选择(下).节能与环保,2004.
[19]李峥嵘.浅析建筑节能政策.上海节能,2004(4):3.
[20]涂逢祥.建筑节能的战略重点:中国建筑节能能形势与政策.建筑,2005(10):15.
[21]王庆一.美国的建筑节能能经验.经贸实践,2005(5):12.
[22]贾春晨.中日产业政策比较研究,博十学位论文.吉林大学,2002.
[23]李振霞.建筑节能能在推广应用中存在的问题探析.新建筑,2003(3):16.
[24]W.KAMR.AT Investment risk forcecasting in a local energy market,2001.
[25]Patrick Bolton,Joseph F.Brodley and Michael H.Riordan."Predatory pricing:Strategic theory and legal policy." The Georgetown Law Journal,2000,88(2):2239-2330.
[26]美国及加州建筑节能工作的开展.节能与环保,2003(11):21.
[27]潭洪卫.建筑节能体制的中日对比和思考.上海节能,2005(4):92.
[28]David B.Goldstein and Robert K.Watson."Transforming Chinese Buildings for Energy Efficiency." The Sinosphere.Journal,November 2002,5(2):26-30.
[29]陈顺治.推进建筑节能的政府行为与政策研究,博十学位论文.西南财经大学,2006.
[30]徐坚.21世纪小康住宅节能系统.房材与应用,2001,29(8):9-11.
[31]方建邦.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能与采暖节能改造技术研究,工业建筑,2003,33(10):14-15.
[32]Stovall T K.What are the potential Benefits of including latent storage in common wallboard.Transactions of the ASME,1995,117:318-325.
[33]王歧东.相变建筑节能材料的应用研究与进展.北京工商大学学报,2005,23(1):5.
[34]Salyer I O.A review of Phase change materials research for thermal energy storage in heating and cooling applications at the University of Global Energy Issues,1997,9(3):183-198.
[35]Peippo K,Kauranen P.A multi-component PCM wall optimized for passive solar heating.Energy build 1991,17:259-170.
[36]Salyer review of Phase change materials research for thermal energy storage in heating and cooling applications at the University of Global Energy Issues,1997,9(3).
[37]Gao Z K.A study on the heating performance of ground-coupled heat pump.In
[38]First international Conference on Energy Conversion and Energy Sources Engineering.Wuhan,1990:93-96.
[39]王长贵,郑瑞澄主编.新能源在建筑中的应用,2003.
[40]李志东等.中国能源环境研究文集.中国环境科学出版社,2000.4.
[41]罗运俊编.太阳热水器与太阳灶.北京:化学工业出版社,1999.
[42]喜文华主编.太阳能实用工程技术.兰州:兰州大学出版社,2001.
[43]李振霞.建筑节能能在推广应用中存在的问题探析.新建筑,2003(3):16.
[44]Yumrutas R,Unsal M.A computational model of a heat pump system with hemispherical asurface tank as the ground heat source.Energy,2000,25:371-388.
[45]吕灿仁.热泵及其在空气调节技术中运用的研究.天津大学学报,1996(22).
[46]汤惠芬,范季贤编著.热能工程设计手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[47]刘长滨.建筑工程技术经济学.中国建筑工业出版社,1999.6.
[48]于立.能源价格理论研究.博士论文,1998.
[2]杨善勤,郎四维,涂逢样编著.建筑节能.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[3]白胜芳.节约能源保护环境.中国建设报(中国建材).CN11-0038,2003(108).
[4]Conference Report,Energy Policy,2001(29).
[5]Energy policy research and State of Florida,Rand/P,2001.
[6]韩建新,颜宏亮.21世纪建筑新技术论丛.上海:同济大学出版社,2000:131-132.
[7]宋琳,建筑节能投资引导政策研究.2004.1.
[8]Conference Report on House of Representatives 6,Energy Policy ActHouse of Representatives July 29,2001.
[9]IEA.Renewable Energy:Market & Policy Tends in lEA Counties.Pads:OECD Publications,2004.
[10]Pablo Arocena,Ignacio Contin,and Emilio Huerta."Price regulation in the Spanish energy sectors:Who benefits?".Energy Policy,2002,30(10):885-895.
[11]夏光,王凤春等.环境与发展综合决策,中国环境科学出版社,2000.12.
[12]Bolton,P,Brodley,J.F.:Predatory pricing:strategic theory and legal policy,2000.
[13]王志刚.建筑节能及新能源研究.硕士论文,2005.
[14]李鹏程.能源经济研究.博士论文,2002.
[15]促进我国建筑节能工作的建议.建设部建筑节能中心,2004.
[16]涂逢祥.建筑节能现状及发展趋势.住宅科技,2004.
[17]陈顺治.推进建筑节能的政府行为与政策研究,博十学位论文.西南财经大学,2006.
[18]涂逢祥.建筑节能-中国节能战略的必然选择(下).节能与环保,2004.
[19]李峥嵘.浅析建筑节能政策.上海节能,2004(4):3.
[20]涂逢祥.建筑节能的战略重点:中国建筑节能能形势与政策.建筑,2005(10):15.
[21]王庆一.美国的建筑节能能经验.经贸实践,2005(5):12.
[22]贾春晨.中日产业政策比较研究,博十学位论文.吉林大学,2002.
[23]李振霞.建筑节能能在推广应用中存在的问题探析.新建筑,2003(3):16.
[24]W.KAMR.AT Investment risk forcecasting in a local energy market,2001.
[25]Patrick Bolton,Joseph F.Brodley and Michael H.Riordan."Predatory pricing:Strategic theory and legal policy." The Georgetown Law Journal,2000,88(2):2239-2330.
[26]美国及加州建筑节能工作的开展.节能与环保,2003(11):21.
[27]潭洪卫.建筑节能体制的中日对比和思考.上海节能,2005(4):92.
[28]David B.Goldstein and Robert K.Watson."Transforming Chinese Buildings for Energy Efficiency." The Sinosphere.Journal,November 2002,5(2):26-30.
[29]陈顺治.推进建筑节能的政府行为与政策研究,博十学位论文.西南财经大学,2006.
[30]徐坚.21世纪小康住宅节能系统.房材与应用,2001,29(8):9-11.
[31]方建邦.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能与采暖节能改造技术研究,工业建筑,2003,33(10):14-15.
[32]Stovall T K.What are the potential Benefits of including latent storage in common wallboard.Transactions of the ASME,1995,117:318-325.
[33]王歧东.相变建筑节能材料的应用研究与进展.北京工商大学学报,2005,23(1):5.
[34]Salyer I O.A review of Phase change materials research for thermal energy storage in heating and cooling applications at the University of Global Energy Issues,1997,9(3):183-198.
[35]Peippo K,Kauranen P.A multi-component PCM wall optimized for passive solar heating.Energy build 1991,17:259-170.
[36]Salyer review of Phase change materials research for thermal energy storage in heating and cooling applications at the University of Global Energy Issues,1997,9(3).
[37]Gao Z K.A study on the heating performance of ground-coupled heat pump.In
[38]First international Conference on Energy Conversion and Energy Sources Engineering.Wuhan,1990:93-96.
[39]王长贵,郑瑞澄主编.新能源在建筑中的应用,2003.
[40]李志东等.中国能源环境研究文集.中国环境科学出版社,2000.4.
[41]罗运俊编.太阳热水器与太阳灶.北京:化学工业出版社,1999.
[42]喜文华主编.太阳能实用工程技术.兰州:兰州大学出版社,2001.
[43]李振霞.建筑节能能在推广应用中存在的问题探析.新建筑,2003(3):16.
[44]Yumrutas R,Unsal M.A computational model of a heat pump system with hemispherical asurface tank as the ground heat source.Energy,2000,25:371-388.
[45]吕灿仁.热泵及其在空气调节技术中运用的研究.天津大学学报,1996(22).
[46]汤惠芬,范季贤编著.热能工程设计手册,北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[47]刘长滨.建筑工程技术经济学.中国建筑工业出版社,1999.6.
[48]于立.能源价格理论研究.博士论文,1998.