天津市和平区高三学生心理健康状况调查报告
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摘要
智能的正常发展是心理健康的基础。良好的个性、良好的处世能力和良好的人际关系是心理健康的必要条件,它们的完美结合即构成心理健康的理想模型。目前我国教育机构还有相当一部分中小学生心理教育处于空白状态。特别是高三学生面临着高考的激烈竞争,面临着来自社会、学校、家庭、同学和自身等方面的压力,更容易产生各种心理障碍,因此,这项调查研究对于毕业班学生以及处在毕业班工作的教师都是有十分重要的指导意义。
本项研究采用调查问卷法,使用华东师范大学周步成教授主持修订的《心理健康诊断测验》(MHT)量表。通过对天津市和平区的重点高中、普通高中、民办高中高三学生和高二学生的问卷调查,发现有近三分之一的高三学生存在比较严重的心理问题,尤其是学习焦虑和过敏倾向两个方面。而且女生出现心理问题的比例高于男生,理科生的学习压力高于文科生,高三学生的心理问题明显比高二学生严重,并且三类不同学校高三年级学生心理健康状况也有很大差异。针对这一现状,研究者提出了一种心理健康教育模式。即,首先教育行政部门要落实学校心理健康教育的政策法规；其次要规范心理健康教育内容；第三要重视学生的心理品质教育；第四注意采取多种途径对学生进行心理健康教育。希望此项调查研究能为非专业心理教师对学生进行心理健康教育和辅导起到积极的促进作用。
Psychological health is based on the proper development of the intelligence. Good personality, social ability and interpersonal relationship are essential for psychological health. If they are combined properly, it will be the ideal pattern of psychological health. The educational system of psychological health hasn't been set up in our country, and as a result, there is hardly any education on psychological health in quite a few elementary and middle schools. Especially the senior three students who are faced with the intense competition of the College Entrance Examination and the great pressure from society, school, families, schoolmates and themselves. They are more inclined to have psychological barriers. So this survey is of great significance to the students and teachers of senior three.
Questionnaires and MHT, revised by Professor Zhou Bucheng in East China Normal University, are used in this survey. Through the questionnaires to senior three students and senior two students in Heping District in Tianjin, including key, common and private senior schools, nearly one third of the students have quite serious psychological problems, especially in study nervousness and the incline of over-sensitiveness. In addition, female students are more inclined to have psychological problems than males, students of science are under greater pressure of study than those of liberal arts, and the problems of senior three are more obvious than senior two. Moreover, there are great differences between the three kinks of schools mentioned above in terms of the psychological problems of senior three students. In order to settle the present problem, the investigator find a pattern of psychological education in school. First of all, educational administrations should strengthen the policies and legislations of psychological education in school. Secondly, the contents of psychological education in school should be standardized. Thirdly, the education of students'psychological quality should be paid enough attention to. Last but not the least, various approaches should be pursued to carry out psychological education in school. Hope this investigation will help the non-professional psychology teachers to conduct nental health education and give guidance among students.
本项研究采用调查问卷法,使用华东师范大学周步成教授主持修订的《心理健康诊断测验》(MHT)量表。通过对天津市和平区的重点高中、普通高中、民办高中高三学生和高二学生的问卷调查,发现有近三分之一的高三学生存在比较严重的心理问题,尤其是学习焦虑和过敏倾向两个方面。而且女生出现心理问题的比例高于男生,理科生的学习压力高于文科生,高三学生的心理问题明显比高二学生严重,并且三类不同学校高三年级学生心理健康状况也有很大差异。针对这一现状,研究者提出了一种心理健康教育模式。即,首先教育行政部门要落实学校心理健康教育的政策法规；其次要规范心理健康教育内容；第三要重视学生的心理品质教育；第四注意采取多种途径对学生进行心理健康教育。希望此项调查研究能为非专业心理教师对学生进行心理健康教育和辅导起到积极的促进作用。
Psychological health is based on the proper development of the intelligence. Good personality, social ability and interpersonal relationship are essential for psychological health. If they are combined properly, it will be the ideal pattern of psychological health. The educational system of psychological health hasn't been set up in our country, and as a result, there is hardly any education on psychological health in quite a few elementary and middle schools. Especially the senior three students who are faced with the intense competition of the College Entrance Examination and the great pressure from society, school, families, schoolmates and themselves. They are more inclined to have psychological barriers. So this survey is of great significance to the students and teachers of senior three.
Questionnaires and MHT, revised by Professor Zhou Bucheng in East China Normal University, are used in this survey. Through the questionnaires to senior three students and senior two students in Heping District in Tianjin, including key, common and private senior schools, nearly one third of the students have quite serious psychological problems, especially in study nervousness and the incline of over-sensitiveness. In addition, female students are more inclined to have psychological problems than males, students of science are under greater pressure of study than those of liberal arts, and the problems of senior three are more obvious than senior two. Moreover, there are great differences between the three kinks of schools mentioned above in terms of the psychological problems of senior three students. In order to settle the present problem, the investigator find a pattern of psychological education in school. First of all, educational administrations should strengthen the policies and legislations of psychological education in school. Secondly, the contents of psychological education in school should be standardized. Thirdly, the education of students'psychological quality should be paid enough attention to. Last but not the least, various approaches should be pursued to carry out psychological education in school. Hope this investigation will help the non-professional psychology teachers to conduct nental health education and give guidance among students.
引文
[1]教育部编.关于加强中小学心理健康教育的若干意见.北京,1999
[2]胡德辉.中学生心理健康与辅导[M].北京：科学普及出版社,2000年8月第一版.25-26
[3]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量.广州：暨南大学出版礼,1999,15-16
[4]何如宽.云南省红河州286名中学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2005,1(5)：363-364
[5]段佳丽，车宏生,吕浩然.北京市中学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国校医,2004,18(4)：302-306
[6]刘克善.湖南城乡中学生心理健康状况的调查与比较[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2006,5(1)：12-13
[7]王泉海.豫北地区中学生心理健康现状与对策[J].新乡医学院学报,2006年第二期
[8]刘恒,张建新.我国中学生症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定结果分析[J].中国心理卫生,2004,(2)：88-90
[9]冯永辉,周爱保.中学生生活事件、应对方式及焦虑的关系研究[J].心理发展与教育,2002,(1)：71
[10]张明园.精神科评定量表.长沙：湖南科技出版礼,1998.17-27
[11]姜菊萍.1241例中学生心理健康调查[J].现代预防医学,2002,29(6)：859-860
[12]魏霖、杨勇超.郑州市中学心理健康状况调查[J].中原精神医学学刊,2001,7(4)：216-218
[13]阴国恩.心理与教育科学研究方法,天津：南开大学出版社,1996
[14]李幼穗.心理学应用.天津：南开大学出版社,1993
[15]刘连龙,张富昌.秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况调查研究[J].健康心理学杂志,2003,11(1)：10-13
[16]陈世平.基础心理统计与SPSS应用[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,2003
[17]王希永.北京中学生心理健康状况调查.青年研究,1999,(9)：23-27
[18]高亚兵.中小学心理辅导的现状研究[J].浙江教育学院学报,2002年第4期
[19]李爱芹.以良好的心态而对一切[J].北京教育,2004.5
[20]黄济.小学教育学[M].北京：人民教育出版社,2005
[21]Penelope A.Hansen and Ann Jervie Sefton. Meeting reports and announcements[J]. Advances in physiology education. America:2004.11.
[22]郑日吕.中小学心理健康教育[M].北京：西苑出版社,2000.15-20
[23]贾晓波.走出心理误区——中小学心理辅导与咨询案例[M].天津：天津教育出版社,2001.11
[24]刘华山著.学校心理辅导.安徽：安徽人民出版社,1998.48-49
[25]陈家麟著.学校心理卫生学.北京：教育科学出版社,1991.34-35
[26]刘金明著.青少年的心理与咨询[M].天津：天津教育出版社,2003.8.
[2]胡德辉.中学生心理健康与辅导[M].北京：科学普及出版社,2000年8月第一版.25-26
[3]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量.广州：暨南大学出版礼,1999,15-16
[4]何如宽.云南省红河州286名中学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2005,1(5)：363-364
[5]段佳丽，车宏生,吕浩然.北京市中学生心理健康状况调查[J].中国校医,2004,18(4)：302-306
[6]刘克善.湖南城乡中学生心理健康状况的调查与比较[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2006,5(1)：12-13
[7]王泉海.豫北地区中学生心理健康现状与对策[J].新乡医学院学报,2006年第二期
[8]刘恒,张建新.我国中学生症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定结果分析[J].中国心理卫生,2004,(2)：88-90
[9]冯永辉,周爱保.中学生生活事件、应对方式及焦虑的关系研究[J].心理发展与教育,2002,(1)：71
[10]张明园.精神科评定量表.长沙：湖南科技出版礼,1998.17-27
[11]姜菊萍.1241例中学生心理健康调查[J].现代预防医学,2002,29(6)：859-860
[12]魏霖、杨勇超.郑州市中学心理健康状况调查[J].中原精神医学学刊,2001,7(4)：216-218
[13]阴国恩.心理与教育科学研究方法,天津：南开大学出版社,1996
[14]李幼穗.心理学应用.天津：南开大学出版社,1993
[15]刘连龙,张富昌.秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况调查研究[J].健康心理学杂志,2003,11(1)：10-13
[16]陈世平.基础心理统计与SPSS应用[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,2003
[17]王希永.北京中学生心理健康状况调查.青年研究,1999,(9)：23-27
[18]高亚兵.中小学心理辅导的现状研究[J].浙江教育学院学报,2002年第4期
[19]李爱芹.以良好的心态而对一切[J].北京教育,2004.5
[20]黄济.小学教育学[M].北京：人民教育出版社,2005
[21]Penelope A.Hansen and Ann Jervie Sefton. Meeting reports and announcements[J]. Advances in physiology education. America:2004.11.
[22]郑日吕.中小学心理健康教育[M].北京：西苑出版社,2000.15-20
[23]贾晓波.走出心理误区——中小学心理辅导与咨询案例[M].天津：天津教育出版社,2001.11
[24]刘华山著.学校心理辅导.安徽：安徽人民出版社,1998.48-49
[25]陈家麟著.学校心理卫生学.北京：教育科学出版社,1991.34-35
[26]刘金明著.青少年的心理与咨询[M].天津：天津教育出版社,2003.8.