水库污染沉积物生物修复
摘要
近几十年来人们对于解决水体富营养化问题已开展了多项研究。随着研究的深入,人们越来越关注沉积物中污染物的释放,探讨控制污染物向水体释放的技术。生物修复方法作为国外的研究热点已经引起了普遍的关注,虽已经有很多成功的例子,但目前在我国的应用还不普遍,研究工作也不够深入。国内已有的研究和应用中,针对水源水体沉积物的生物修复研究尚处于起步阶段。已有的许多研究表明生物修复技术具有很广阔的市场和应用潜力,它具有传统物理化学方法不可比拟的优势。因此研究污染沉积物的生物修复方法是十分有意义的。
本研究从西安石砭峪和汤峪水库的沉积物中分离出3株高效硝化细菌和4株高效反硝化细菌,分别记为X4、X5、JX28、FX2、FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4、YFX6。在15℃时,JX28对氨氮的降解率可以达到46%,YFX3、YFX4对硝酸盐氮的降解率可以达到70%左右。通过对FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4 4株反硝化细菌的生理生化特性进行研究,将细菌鉴定到属,它们属于假单胞菌属。
好氧条件下,研究了环境因子(包括不同C/N比,初始pH,培养温度)对菌株FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4脱氮效果的影响。研究结果表明,菌株的最适好氧反硝化温度为25-35℃之间。在PH为8.5左右,FX3、YFX3、YFX4对硝酸盐氮的降解率均达到65%以上。碳源是细菌好氧反硝化作用的重要影响因素,碳源过低,菌株的好氧反硝率会受到影响,当细菌的C/N比在6-9时,好氧反硝化率在50%左右。
通过研究陶粒、页岩陶粒、火山石、麦饭石、石榴石等几种无机填料的性质,对无机材料进行了初选。氨氮等温吸附试验表明,几种填料对氨氮的吸附量不同,其中陶粒的吸附量最大,达到1.8mg/L。而通过亚甲基蓝吸试验则表明了无机填料的中孔体积,一定程度上说明了填料的孔隙发达程度。我们最终选取陶粒和页岩陶粒为备用载体。
通过对菌株及无机填料的研究,最终选定了FX3+YFX4+X4的细菌复配组合,通过在陶粒和页岩陶粒上挂膜并覆盖在污染沉积物之上的模拟实验研究其生物修复效果,实验表明通过生物修复,一定程度上阻止了污染沉积物向上覆水体释放污染物,有效改善上覆水体的水质。
In recent decades,people have done a lot of research for solving the problem of water eutrophication,with further research,people pay more and more attention to sediments in pollutant release and find the technology of control the release pollutants into the water.As the research focus abroad,bioremediation method has been universal concern,although there are already many successful examples, at present the application of bioremediation technology in China is not common,research is not penetrating. The domestic research and applications,for water sediment bioremediation research is still in its infancy.Many studies have showed that bioremediation technology has vast potential markets perspective and potential,it has incomparable advantages in comparison with the physical and chemical methods.Therefore, bioremediation of contaminated sediments is very meaningful.
In the research,three high efficiency nitrifying bacteria and four high efficiency denitrifying bacteria were screened from the landscape water sediment of Tang Yu reservoir and Shi Bian Yu reservoir,we named them X4、X5、JX28、FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4.Ammonia nitrogen removal rate of JX28 has been up to 46% in 15℃,nitrate nitrogen removal rate of YFX3 and YFX4 has been up to 70%.According to the physiological-biochemical tests for FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4,they identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri.
Under aerobic conditions,environmental factors which have a effect of the nitrogen removal for FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4 were been disccused, including C/N、pH、temperature.The result of research shows the best temperature for aerobic denitrifycation is about 25-35℃.When the PH increased to 8.5,nitrate nitrogen removal rate of FX3、YFX3、YFX4 exceed 65%.The C/N has a great influence for aerobic denitrifycation.When the C/N is about 6-9, nitrate nitrogen removal rate has been up to 50%.
In the experiment, the nature of the ceramics、shale granules、vesuvianite、maifanitum and garnet were been disccused,and we choose the inorganic filler the first time.The research shows several filler on the adsorption amount of ammonia is different,the ceramics has the maximum adsorption capacity which exceed 1.8mg/L.By methylene blue test shows medium-pore volume of inorganic filler,explained to some extent that how developed the pore of the filler is. At last, we choose ceramics、shale granules to do the next experiment.
Explained to some extent that how developed the pore of the filler is.By study the strains and filler,we finally decided to use the rate of FX3、YFX3、YFX4.By the practice experiment of hanging film and cover on the contaminated sediments,to restoration of biological effects.Results show that through bioremediation can prevent the pollution of sediments overlying the release of pollutants in water.Improve the water quality of overlying water.
本研究从西安石砭峪和汤峪水库的沉积物中分离出3株高效硝化细菌和4株高效反硝化细菌,分别记为X4、X5、JX28、FX2、FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4、YFX6。在15℃时,JX28对氨氮的降解率可以达到46%,YFX3、YFX4对硝酸盐氮的降解率可以达到70%左右。通过对FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4 4株反硝化细菌的生理生化特性进行研究,将细菌鉴定到属,它们属于假单胞菌属。
好氧条件下,研究了环境因子(包括不同C/N比,初始pH,培养温度)对菌株FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4脱氮效果的影响。研究结果表明,菌株的最适好氧反硝化温度为25-35℃之间。在PH为8.5左右,FX3、YFX3、YFX4对硝酸盐氮的降解率均达到65%以上。碳源是细菌好氧反硝化作用的重要影响因素,碳源过低,菌株的好氧反硝率会受到影响,当细菌的C/N比在6-9时,好氧反硝化率在50%左右。
通过研究陶粒、页岩陶粒、火山石、麦饭石、石榴石等几种无机填料的性质,对无机材料进行了初选。氨氮等温吸附试验表明,几种填料对氨氮的吸附量不同,其中陶粒的吸附量最大,达到1.8mg/L。而通过亚甲基蓝吸试验则表明了无机填料的中孔体积,一定程度上说明了填料的孔隙发达程度。我们最终选取陶粒和页岩陶粒为备用载体。
通过对菌株及无机填料的研究,最终选定了FX3+YFX4+X4的细菌复配组合,通过在陶粒和页岩陶粒上挂膜并覆盖在污染沉积物之上的模拟实验研究其生物修复效果,实验表明通过生物修复,一定程度上阻止了污染沉积物向上覆水体释放污染物,有效改善上覆水体的水质。
In recent decades,people have done a lot of research for solving the problem of water eutrophication,with further research,people pay more and more attention to sediments in pollutant release and find the technology of control the release pollutants into the water.As the research focus abroad,bioremediation method has been universal concern,although there are already many successful examples, at present the application of bioremediation technology in China is not common,research is not penetrating. The domestic research and applications,for water sediment bioremediation research is still in its infancy.Many studies have showed that bioremediation technology has vast potential markets perspective and potential,it has incomparable advantages in comparison with the physical and chemical methods.Therefore, bioremediation of contaminated sediments is very meaningful.
In the research,three high efficiency nitrifying bacteria and four high efficiency denitrifying bacteria were screened from the landscape water sediment of Tang Yu reservoir and Shi Bian Yu reservoir,we named them X4、X5、JX28、FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4.Ammonia nitrogen removal rate of JX28 has been up to 46% in 15℃,nitrate nitrogen removal rate of YFX3 and YFX4 has been up to 70%.According to the physiological-biochemical tests for FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4,they identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri.
Under aerobic conditions,environmental factors which have a effect of the nitrogen removal for FX3、FX4、YFX3、YFX4 were been disccused, including C/N、pH、temperature.The result of research shows the best temperature for aerobic denitrifycation is about 25-35℃.When the PH increased to 8.5,nitrate nitrogen removal rate of FX3、YFX3、YFX4 exceed 65%.The C/N has a great influence for aerobic denitrifycation.When the C/N is about 6-9, nitrate nitrogen removal rate has been up to 50%.
In the experiment, the nature of the ceramics、shale granules、vesuvianite、maifanitum and garnet were been disccused,and we choose the inorganic filler the first time.The research shows several filler on the adsorption amount of ammonia is different,the ceramics has the maximum adsorption capacity which exceed 1.8mg/L.By methylene blue test shows medium-pore volume of inorganic filler,explained to some extent that how developed the pore of the filler is. At last, we choose ceramics、shale granules to do the next experiment.
Explained to some extent that how developed the pore of the filler is.By study the strains and filler,we finally decided to use the rate of FX3、YFX3、YFX4.By the practice experiment of hanging film and cover on the contaminated sediments,to restoration of biological effects.Results show that through bioremediation can prevent the pollution of sediments overlying the release of pollutants in water.Improve the water quality of overlying water.
引文
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