中学生社会比较与体像烦恼的关系
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摘要
体像烦恼作为一种负性的情绪体验,已经被越来越多的学者所关注。它是由于个体自我审美观或审美能力偏差导致自我体像失望而引起的心理烦恼。其特征为:过分关注自己的体像,有强烈的改变自身某方面体像的欲望,同时伴随着一些消极情绪。中学生中确实有相当部分的个体存在体像烦恼,体像烦恼一旦发生,对其社交、学习、应对方式等方面都会产生消极影响。社会比较是个体将自己的个性品质、观点和行为与他人进行比较,它使个体产生新的自我知觉、自身处境知觉及生活质量知觉,这在一定程度上决定了个体的自我概念、情绪状态和对未来的期望,从而对其心理健康产生影响。
本研究在我国独特的文化背景下,在国内外社会比较研究的基础上,采用文献分析、访谈、开放式调查和问卷调查等方法初步编制了中学生社会比较问卷,提出并验证了中学生社会比较的六维度结构模型。本文采用t检验和方差分析的方法对人口统计学变量在社会比较各维度上的差异性进行了比较和分析,并对社会比较各维度与体像烦恼的关系进行了相关分析与回归分析,探讨了社会比较对各维度对体像烦恼的预测作用。本研究的主要结论如下:
第一,编制的中学生社会比较问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于评定中学生的社会比较特点。因素分析得到中学生社会比较特点的六个维度,分别命名为:上比倾向、易比性、下比倾向、体验性、参照性和控制感。
第二,性别与年级在中学生社会比较上比倾向、控制感维度上交互作用显著;从社会比较的年级因素单纯主效应检验和性别因素单纯主效应检验分析可以得出不同年级或不同性别的中学生在社会比较不同维度上存在显著差异。
第三,中学生社会比较与体像烦恼存在显著相关,社会比较的不同维度对中学生体像烦恼具有相对的重要价值。
Body image depression as a negative emotional experience,has been more and more of concerned to scholars.It is because of aesthetics or aesthetic individual ability to self-bias lead to disappointment and self-body image caused by psychological problems.Characterized by:excessive concern about their body image,has a strong connection to change their own body as a desire,at the same time accompanied by some negative sentiment.Middle school students there is the existence of a significant portion of the individual body image depression,body image depression if that were to happen to their social,learning,coping styles and so on will have a negative impact.Social comparison is the individual quality of his personality,views and behavior compared with others,which allows individuals to generate new self-perception,perception of their own situation and the perceived quality of life,which to some extent,determines the individual's self-concept,emotional state and hope for the future in order to have an impact on their mental health.
In this study,in China's unique cultural background,the comparative study of society at home and abroad,based on the use of literature analysis,interviews,open investigation and survey methods such as the preliminary preparation of middle school social comparison questionnaire,the students made and verify that the social comparison of structural model of the six dimensions.Analysis of variance t test and the method of comparison in the social demographic variables on the dimensions of the differences are compared and analyzed,and the various dimensions of social comparison and body image depression of the relations between the correlation analysis and regression analysis of the various dimensions of social comparison on body image depression on the role of the forecast.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1.the preparation of Middle school students social comparison questionnaire has good reliability and validity,can be used for comparative assessment of the social characteristics of middle school students.Factor analysis of the characteristics of social comparison of students in six dimensions,respectively,named as follows:the tendency of up,the comparison disposition,the tendency of down,emotional perception, reference,and control traits.
2.gender and grade school students than in the interaction between preference dimensions significantly;middle school students were comparable test grade in the social factor test simple main effects and gender analysis of simple main effects test can be drawn from different grades or secondary school students of different gender different dimensions of social comparison in the existence of significant differences.
3.the social comparison of middle school students is extremely correlated with body image depression.Different dimension of social comparison have relative significance to body image depression of middle school students.
本研究在我国独特的文化背景下,在国内外社会比较研究的基础上,采用文献分析、访谈、开放式调查和问卷调查等方法初步编制了中学生社会比较问卷,提出并验证了中学生社会比较的六维度结构模型。本文采用t检验和方差分析的方法对人口统计学变量在社会比较各维度上的差异性进行了比较和分析,并对社会比较各维度与体像烦恼的关系进行了相关分析与回归分析,探讨了社会比较对各维度对体像烦恼的预测作用。本研究的主要结论如下:
第一,编制的中学生社会比较问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于评定中学生的社会比较特点。因素分析得到中学生社会比较特点的六个维度,分别命名为:上比倾向、易比性、下比倾向、体验性、参照性和控制感。
第二,性别与年级在中学生社会比较上比倾向、控制感维度上交互作用显著;从社会比较的年级因素单纯主效应检验和性别因素单纯主效应检验分析可以得出不同年级或不同性别的中学生在社会比较不同维度上存在显著差异。
第三,中学生社会比较与体像烦恼存在显著相关,社会比较的不同维度对中学生体像烦恼具有相对的重要价值。
Body image depression as a negative emotional experience,has been more and more of concerned to scholars.It is because of aesthetics or aesthetic individual ability to self-bias lead to disappointment and self-body image caused by psychological problems.Characterized by:excessive concern about their body image,has a strong connection to change their own body as a desire,at the same time accompanied by some negative sentiment.Middle school students there is the existence of a significant portion of the individual body image depression,body image depression if that were to happen to their social,learning,coping styles and so on will have a negative impact.Social comparison is the individual quality of his personality,views and behavior compared with others,which allows individuals to generate new self-perception,perception of their own situation and the perceived quality of life,which to some extent,determines the individual's self-concept,emotional state and hope for the future in order to have an impact on their mental health.
In this study,in China's unique cultural background,the comparative study of society at home and abroad,based on the use of literature analysis,interviews,open investigation and survey methods such as the preliminary preparation of middle school social comparison questionnaire,the students made and verify that the social comparison of structural model of the six dimensions.Analysis of variance t test and the method of comparison in the social demographic variables on the dimensions of the differences are compared and analyzed,and the various dimensions of social comparison and body image depression of the relations between the correlation analysis and regression analysis of the various dimensions of social comparison on body image depression on the role of the forecast.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1.the preparation of Middle school students social comparison questionnaire has good reliability and validity,can be used for comparative assessment of the social characteristics of middle school students.Factor analysis of the characteristics of social comparison of students in six dimensions,respectively,named as follows:the tendency of up,the comparison disposition,the tendency of down,emotional perception, reference,and control traits.
2.gender and grade school students than in the interaction between preference dimensions significantly;middle school students were comparable test grade in the social factor test simple main effects and gender analysis of simple main effects test can be drawn from different grades or secondary school students of different gender different dimensions of social comparison in the existence of significant differences.
3.the social comparison of middle school students is extremely correlated with body image depression.Different dimension of social comparison have relative significance to body image depression of middle school students.
引文
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[11]杨朝清.社会比较对高职院校毕业生择业心理的影响.长沙民政职业技术学院学报2008,15(2):92-93
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[21]鲁龙光等.体象障碍自评量表的初步制定.中国心理卫生杂志,2000,5:299-302.
[22]千克威,陈建国,鲁龙光等.体象障碍的临床观察.中华精神科杂志,2000,33(2):123-125
[23]潘晓红等.青春期少女自我体像及相关问题调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,8:542-544.
[24]肖广兰等.节食及相关态度的社会影响因素研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,5:365-367.
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[1]郭志刚.社会统计分析方法——SPSS软件应用.中国人民大学出版社,2002年
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[2]邢淑芬.社会比较:对比效应还是同化效应?心理科学进展2006,14(6):944-949
[3]纪丽君.社会(人际)比较.心理学动态,1995,(2):43-48
[4]朱苏丽.社会比较对薪酬不公平感的心理作用机制.武汉理工大学学报2007,29(8):146-148
[5]孙炯雯,郑全全.在社会比较和时间比较中的自我认识.心理科学进展,2004,(2):240-245
[6]陈珊,钱铭怡.抑郁倾向大学生的作业期望改变和社会比较特点.中国心理卫生杂志1998,12(3):165-168。
[7]张野,宫林海.癌症患者在社会比较中的认同一对立过程和人五因素关系初探.健康心理学杂志2002,1 0(5):342-343
[8]付宗国,张承芬.群际情境下向上社会比较信息对自我评价的影响.心理科学2004,27(1):84-87
[9]黎琳,徐光兴等.社会比较对大学生社交焦虑影响的研究.心理科学2007,30(5):1218-1220
[10]王明姬,王垒等.社会比较倾向量表中文版的信效度检验.中国心理卫生杂志2006,20(5):302-305
[11]杨朝清.社会比较对高职院校毕业生择业心理的影响.长沙民政职业技术学院学报2008,15(2):92-93
[12]杨晓玲.中学生人际交往中的社会比较.中小学心理健康教育2008,8:19-21
[13]周爱保,赵鑫.社会比较中的认知偏差探析:“优于常人”效应和“差于常人”效应.心理学探新2008,1:72-76
[14]邢淑芬.学习不良儿童社会比较的特点及其与自我概念的关系,北京师范大学学位论文,2005
[15]阳柳青.大学生的心理健康与社会比较研究.广西师范大学学位论文,2005
[16]徐晓飞冲学生学业社会比较对学业压力应对策略的影响.西南师范大学学位论文,2005.
[17]曾向,黄希庭.国外关于身体自我的研究.心理学动态,2001,9(1):41-46
[18]李京诚.身体锻炼心理某些领域的研究综述.北京体育师范学报,1999,3:42-47
[19]周正酞.体像障碍临床初步探讨.健康心理学杂志,1999,7(2):212-214
[20]黄希庭.青少年身体自我研究述评.西北师大学报(社会科学版),2002,37(6):42-46
[21]鲁龙光等.体象障碍自评量表的初步制定.中国心理卫生杂志,2000,5:299-302.
[22]千克威,陈建国,鲁龙光等.体象障碍的临床观察.中华精神科杂志,2000,33(2):123-125
[23]潘晓红等.青春期少女自我体像及相关问题调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,8:542-544.
[24]肖广兰等.节食及相关态度的社会影响因素研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,5:365-367.
[25]高亚兵,骆伯巍.论青少年学生的体像烦恼.浙江教育学院学报,2007(6):28-32
[26]骆伯巍,周丽华等.青少年自我体像关注研究.当代青年研究,2004(4):52-56
[27]王襄渝,江易华.青少年性心理困扰的原因分析及对策.郧阳师范高等专科学校学报,2002,(5):105-108
[28]周丽华,骆伯巍,彭文波等.初探青少年学生体像烦恼与社交问题.中国健康心理学杂志,2005(1):64-65.
[29]高亚兵.青少年学生体像烦恼与自尊的相关研究.中国学校卫生,2006,27(1):36-37
[30]佘永传,翟书涛.进食障碍患者的体像障碍.临床精神医学杂志,1999,(3):149-150
[31]陈红,黄希庭.青少年身体自我的发展特点和性别差异研究.心理科学2005,28(2):432-435
[32]刘惠军,石俊杰.中学生自我概念与心理健康的关系研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2000,8(1):48-50
[33]高冬东.河南省大学生身体自我认知结构研究.中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(3):246-247
[34]田禾丰.青少年学生体像烦恼、孤独、应对方式的相关研究.中国健康心理学杂志2008,16(3)333-336
[35]高亚兵.青少年学生体像烦恼问卷的编制及信效度研究.中国学校卫生杂志,2005,26(12):1005-1006
[36]郑铮,何伦等.射体变形障碍研究进展.中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(6):612-613.
[37]Suls J M,Miller R L.Social Comparison process:Theoretical and empirical perspectives.Washington,DC:Hemisphere Publication Services,!977, 1-19
[38] Collins R L.For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparisons on self-evaluations.Psychological Bulletin, 1996,119(l):51-69
[39] Gibbons F X,Bergan M R,Blanton H et al.Comparison-Level Preferences After Performance:Is Downward Comparison Theory Still Useful? Journal of personality and social psychology,2002,83(4):865-880
[40] Stapel D A,Suls J.Method matters:effects of explicit versus implicit social comparisons on activation,behavior,and self-views.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2004,87(6) :860-875
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