山西电网网间潮流控制策略及考核方案研究
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摘要
自动发电控制(AGC)是山西电网控制联络线功率的主要手段,但原有控制策略存在着策略简单、区域控制偏差(Area Control Error, ACE)机组调节频繁、网间潮流调整效果差、调度员人工调整工作量大的问题。本文针对这些问题提出了整套适应山西电网实际的控制策略。新的控制策略采用切比雪夫型有限冲击响应(Finite impulse response, FIR)滤波器对原始ACE数据进行了有效滤波,减少了机组频繁调整；设置了合适的比例调节系数和ACE动态死区,提高了系统的稳定性；增加了ACE突变加力及爬坡加力两个微分环节,实现了对火电机组超前控制；叠加了一个积分偏差调整量,在ACE平均值偏差(简称A2)值偏差很大时给出调整加力,减少了ACE大幅波动且提高了下一个调整周期的稳定性。这些措施在实际闭环运行中取得了良好的控制效果。同时本文还针对山西电网原有AGC机组不考核、AGC机组调整性能参差不齐的状况,提出了机组性能评价的几个指标：AGC的可用率Ka、调节容量、调节速率、调节精度和响应时间。通过山西电网实际运行数据和考核结果验证了控制策略和机组性能指标的合理性和有效性。
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a major means of the tie-lines power flow control in the Shanxi Grid. However, there are pressing problems with original control strategy, such as useless ACE units regulation, bad tie-lines power flow control, heavy work load of dispatcher, etc. A new control strategy suitable for the Shanxi power grid is proposed.In the new control strategy, Chebyshev type FIR wave filter is adopted to smooth Area Control Error (ACE) and proper coefficient and dynamic dead zone are set to improve the stability of the system. And two differential links is constructed to recognize ACE sudden change or load climb slope to get advanced control.Furthermore an integral link is developed to increase the generator output when A2 value deviation is great, which has reduced ACE fluctuation and maintained system stability in the next control cycle. All these suggested coutermeasures get good results in the practical close-loop control. Besides, some indexes of unit performance assessment：k1, k2，k3 are proposed.The validity and the reasonability of the proposed control strategy and unit performance index.are verified by the practical data of Shan Power grid.
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a major means of the tie-lines power flow control in the Shanxi Grid. However, there are pressing problems with original control strategy, such as useless ACE units regulation, bad tie-lines power flow control, heavy work load of dispatcher, etc. A new control strategy suitable for the Shanxi power grid is proposed.In the new control strategy, Chebyshev type FIR wave filter is adopted to smooth Area Control Error (ACE) and proper coefficient and dynamic dead zone are set to improve the stability of the system. And two differential links is constructed to recognize ACE sudden change or load climb slope to get advanced control.Furthermore an integral link is developed to increase the generator output when A2 value deviation is great, which has reduced ACE fluctuation and maintained system stability in the next control cycle. All these suggested coutermeasures get good results in the practical close-loop control. Besides, some indexes of unit performance assessment：k1, k2，k3 are proposed.The validity and the reasonability of the proposed control strategy and unit performance index.are verified by the practical data of Shan Power grid.
引文
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[8]孙毅,路轶.四川电网自动发电控制(AGC)应用及分析[J].华中电力,20(1)： 29-33
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[10]陈浩,周帆,董寒冰.湖南电网A标准下自动发电系统适应CPS标准的试验研究[J].湖南电力,27(3)：4-8
[11]刘和森,石恒初,腾贤亮,等.云南电网水火电机组AGC协调优化控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,33(20)：96-100
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[13]陈枫,陈利跃,孙维真等.浙江发电市场中的实时调度与AGC设计[J].电力系统自动化,2000,33(25)：59-61
[14]高宗和.自动发电控制算法的几点改进[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(23)：49-51
[15]武亚光,李卫东,吴海波,张锐,金钟鹤,柳焯.我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(2)：37-40
[16]谢旭,刘国旗,杨小煜.基于CC_2000系统的华北电网AGC机组调效能在线测定软件的开发[J].电网技术,2005.29(18)22-25
[17]冯玉昌, 滕贤亮,涂力群,等.AGC机组调节速率和精度的实时计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4)：75-77
[18]张秋生,李学峰.提高河北南网协调控制系统响应AGC速率的方法[J].河北电力技术,24(4)：33-36
[19]李丹,梁吉,孙荣富等.并网电厂管理考核系统中AGC调节性能补偿措施[J].电力系统自动化,34(4)：107-112
[20]邹斌,许卫洪,丁峰.一种新的AGC机组绩效考评方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(11),23-28
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[22]黄蕾.区域电力市场下AGC控制模式研究[J].电网技术,2006.29(18)：85-88
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[27]Yaomao Jun. North American Electric Reliability Council's new control performance standard oriented automatic generation control [D]. Arlington, TX, USA:University of Texas at Atlington,2000
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[29]JSLEELIN, VANSLYCK L S. NERC's new control performance standards [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1092-1099
[30]王科俊,熊新炎,任桢.高效均值滤波算法[J].计算机应用与研究,2010.27(2)：434-438
[31]刘国宏,郭文明.改进的中值滤波去噪算法应用分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2010.46(10)：187-189
[32]张勇,陈大建,孙志军. 两种改进型中值滤波算法比较[J].广电技术应用,2010.25(1)： 66-70
[33]Weber J D, Overbye T J. Voltage Contours for Power System Visualization[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2000,15(1):404-409
[34]Overbye T J, Weber J D.Visualization of Power System Data [D]. Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2000, 1228-1234
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[36]韩少晓,孙嘉,延峰,AGC机组辅助服务定量评估[J].电网技术,2005.29(18)： 26-29
[37]谢开,刘军,宁文元,等.华北电网一体化调度计划和实时发电控制系统的设计与实现[J].电网技术,2005,29(18)：6-11
[38]贾德香,程浩忠,熊虎岗,范宏,陈明,等.考虑控制性能标准的AGC机组经济补偿研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,31(27)：62-66
[39]李端超,江山立,陈家庚,等.AGC机组调节效能定量评估与补偿方式研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(8)：15-19
[40]张慧琦,曹宇鹏,王海波.黑龙江省电网AGC定量评估与经济补偿方法[J].黑龙江电力,2009,31(1)：13-16
[41]武亚光,李卫东,吴海波,等.我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(2)：37-40
[42]LiXue-Feng, Liu Le, LiWei-Dong. Research on the responsibility distribution of AGC adjustment in interconnected power system. Sustainable Power Generation and Supply [D],2009, SUPERGEN International Conference 27(2):1-5
[43]Liang Du, Jun Yong, Kaiqin Liu, Zhigang Li, Diangang Zhang. Dynamical optimal real-time AGC reserve dispatch strategy and unit selection for frequency regulation [D].2009. SUPRGEN International Conference 26(3):6-7
[2]高宗和,陈刚,杨军峰,滕贤亮,姚建国.特高压互联电网联络线功率控制(二)AGC性能评价[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(16)：61-65
[3]汪德星.华东电网实行CPS标准的探索[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(8)：41-44
[4]汪德星,杨立兵.自动发电控制(AGC)技术在华东电力系统中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2005,33(1)：23-27
[5]李丹,梁明亮,焦培泽.京津唐电网AGC软件包的改进研究[J].电网技术,1998,22(5)：29-32
[6]景志峰,王新建,杨涛,等.内蒙古电网AGC控制策略优化分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2007,25(4)：14-18
[7]郭勇,朱长胜.TBC方式下改善蒙西电网AGC控制性能的方法[J].电网技术,2005,29(18)：42-46
[8]孙毅,路轶.四川电网自动发电控制(AGC)应用及分析[J].华中电力,20(1)： 29-33
[9]胡扬宇,李大鹏,王子琦,等.CPS考核标准下河南电网AGC控制策略[J].继电器,34(14)：32-35
[10]陈浩,周帆,董寒冰.湖南电网A标准下自动发电系统适应CPS标准的试验研究[J].湖南电力,27(3)：4-8
[11]刘和森,石恒初,腾贤亮,等.云南电网水火电机组AGC协调优化控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,33(20)：96-100
[12]张峰,张怡,赵良.解决浙江省电网AGC问题的措施探讨.中国电力[J],38(4)： 59-63
[13]陈枫,陈利跃,孙维真等.浙江发电市场中的实时调度与AGC设计[J].电力系统自动化,2000,33(25)：59-61
[14]高宗和.自动发电控制算法的几点改进[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(23)：49-51
[15]武亚光,李卫东,吴海波,张锐,金钟鹤,柳焯.我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(2)：37-40
[16]谢旭,刘国旗,杨小煜.基于CC_2000系统的华北电网AGC机组调效能在线测定软件的开发[J].电网技术,2005.29(18)22-25
[17]冯玉昌, 滕贤亮,涂力群,等.AGC机组调节速率和精度的实时计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4)：75-77
[18]张秋生,李学峰.提高河北南网协调控制系统响应AGC速率的方法[J].河北电力技术,24(4)：33-36
[19]李丹,梁吉,孙荣富等.并网电厂管理考核系统中AGC调节性能补偿措施[J].电力系统自动化,34(4)：107-112
[20]邹斌,许卫洪,丁峰.一种新的AGC机组绩效考评方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(11),23-28
[21]Performance Subcommittee Control Criteria Task Force, Control Performance Standard and Disturbance Control Standard Frequently Asked Questions[D], Novl,1996
[22]黄蕾.区域电力市场下AGC控制模式研究[J].电网技术,2006.29(18)：85-88
[23]电力系统调频与自动发电控制编委会.电力系统调频与自动发电控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006
[24]Performance standard training document [EB/OL]. [2009-02-02]. http://www. nerc.com/
[25]Policy1-generation control and performance [EB/OL]. [2009-02-02]. http://www.nerc.com/
[26]NERC.Standard BAL-001-control performance standard [EB/OL]. [2008-10-20]. http://www.nerc.com/.1996
[27]Yaomao Jun. North American Electric Reliability Council's new control performance standard oriented automatic generation control [D]. Arlington, TX, USA:University of Texas at Atlington,2000
[28]TETSUO S, DYNAMIC K E. Analysis of genatation control performance standards [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2002,17(3):806-811
[29]JSLEELIN, VANSLYCK L S. NERC's new control performance standards [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1092-1099
[30]王科俊,熊新炎,任桢.高效均值滤波算法[J].计算机应用与研究,2010.27(2)：434-438
[31]刘国宏,郭文明.改进的中值滤波去噪算法应用分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2010.46(10)：187-189
[32]张勇,陈大建,孙志军. 两种改进型中值滤波算法比较[J].广电技术应用,2010.25(1)： 66-70
[33]Weber J D, Overbye T J. Voltage Contours for Power System Visualization[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2000,15(1):404-409
[34]Overbye T J, Weber J D.Visualization of Power System Data [D]. Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2000, 1228-1234
[35]Overbye T J. New Techniques for Power System Visualization under Deregulation [D]. In:Proceeding 2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol.1, Piscataway (NJ):IEEE,2000,28-33
[36]韩少晓,孙嘉,延峰,AGC机组辅助服务定量评估[J].电网技术,2005.29(18)： 26-29
[37]谢开,刘军,宁文元,等.华北电网一体化调度计划和实时发电控制系统的设计与实现[J].电网技术,2005,29(18)：6-11
[38]贾德香,程浩忠,熊虎岗,范宏,陈明,等.考虑控制性能标准的AGC机组经济补偿研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,31(27)：62-66
[39]李端超,江山立,陈家庚,等.AGC机组调节效能定量评估与补偿方式研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(8)：15-19
[40]张慧琦,曹宇鹏,王海波.黑龙江省电网AGC定量评估与经济补偿方法[J].黑龙江电力,2009,31(1)：13-16
[41]武亚光,李卫东,吴海波,等.我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(2)：37-40
[42]LiXue-Feng, Liu Le, LiWei-Dong. Research on the responsibility distribution of AGC adjustment in interconnected power system. Sustainable Power Generation and Supply [D],2009, SUPERGEN International Conference 27(2):1-5
[43]Liang Du, Jun Yong, Kaiqin Liu, Zhigang Li, Diangang Zhang. Dynamical optimal real-time AGC reserve dispatch strategy and unit selection for frequency regulation [D].2009. SUPRGEN International Conference 26(3):6-7