天麻、蜜环菌化感现象及天麻连作障碍原因探讨
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摘要
在名贵药材天麻Gastrodia elata BL.的栽培生产中存在着严重的连作障碍问题。为寻找这种现象的原因,本研究以化感作用为研究方向,利用生物检测的方法以油菜籽为受体,研究了天麻栽培地土壤浸提液、天麻块茎浸提液、蜜环菌发酵液的化感作用。对不同浓度蜜环菌发酵液对其自身生长的影响进行了研究。对收获天麻后放置不同年限的栽培地土壤微生物数量和种类变化做以比较。
结果表明:
高浓度的天麻栽培地土壤浸出液抑制油菜种子萌发,浸提液浓度过高或过低均会抑制油菜幼苗的伸长,浸提液能够促进幼苗幼根的生长,50%浓度的浸提液能够促进生物量的增长,浸提液浓度过高或过低均会对生物量的增长产生抑制。
天麻块茎浸提液对油菜种子萌发具有抑制作用,能够促进苗的伸长,对油菜幼苗幼根生长和最终生物量影响表现为低促高抑。
液体发酵条件下蜜环菌长期培养中,在发酵液中营养条件允许的情况下,蜜环菌会出现二次生长,在这一过程中将有不同于第一次生长周期中的代谢产物产生。蜜环菌的代谢产物(包括发酵液、菌索代谢产物、不同时期发酵液)均对油菜籽的萌发具有抑制作用,对苗高、幼根的生长以及最终生物量的影响则各有不同:蜜环菌发酵液表现为对幼苗苗高促进、幼根生长抑制,对最终生物量的影响表现为低促高抑。蜜环菌菌索代谢产物表现为对幼苗苗高、幼根生长均具有促进作用,对最终生物量具有促进作用。蜜环菌不同时期发酵液对幼苗苗的伸长均具有促进作用,除17d发酵液对幼苗幼根生长具有抑制作用,其他各处理对幼根生长均具有促进作用,不同时期发酵液对幼苗最终生物量具有促进作用。
液体发酵培养条件下,不同浓度蜜环菌发酵液能够促进蜜环菌的生长速度,发酵液对蜜环菌衰老速度的影响表现为低抑高促。固体培养条件下,蜜环菌发酵液会抑制菌索的生长,高浓度发酵液能够促进气生菌丝的生长,并延缓菌索的老化。
高海拔天麻栽培地中土壤微生物数量较少,收获天麻后放置不同年限的土壤中的微生物的数量和种类有所不同。
There is a serious continuous cropping obstacle in the production of the famous Chinese herb Gastrodia elata BL. In order to find out the reason, the research is about the allelopathy in the Gastrodia elata BL field soil. Taking rapeseed as the receptor by means of biological measurement we studied the allelopathy of soil water extract, Gastrodia elata tuber water extract, Armillaria mellea metabolites, We studied the effect of Armillaria melle culture on the growth of itself. And we also studied the change of soil microorganism by year.
The results are as follow:
The soil water extract has an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. When the level is too high or too low, it will reduce the length of epicotyels and hypocotyels. The soil water extract can increase the total biomass in 50% concentration, but reduce at a too high or too low level.
Gastrodia elata tuber water extract has an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. It can increase the length of seedling. The influence on seedling, hypcotyels, and total biomass presents to be low-promoting and high-repressing.
The results of liquid culture showed that when the nutrient is enough the Armillaria mellea will keep on growing. And new metabolites occur in the culture. Armillaria mellea metabolites (Including pelleted mycelia metabolites, rhizomorph metabolites, metabolites from different periods) have an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. The effect on the seedling, hypcotyels, and total biomass are different: Pelleted mycelia metabolites can increase the length of epicotyels, and can reduce the length of hypcotyels. The effect on total biomass is low-promoting and high-repressing. Rhizomorph metabolites can increase the length of seedling and hypcotyels, and it can also increase the total biomass. Armillaria mellea metabolites from different periods all have an promoting effect on the growth of epicotyels and total biomass. Only the 17d's culture inhibits the growth of hypcotyels while others promote.
Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation can promote the growth of pelleted mycelia. And the influence on aging is low-repressing and high-promoting in liquid culture. While in solid culture the Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation will repress the growth of rhizomorph. High level Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation in the solid culture can promote aerial hyphae and has an anti-aging effect on the rhizomorph.
The number of soil microorganism in high altitude area in Gastrodia elata BL field is small. The species and quality are different in the soil being removed for different years.
结果表明:
高浓度的天麻栽培地土壤浸出液抑制油菜种子萌发,浸提液浓度过高或过低均会抑制油菜幼苗的伸长,浸提液能够促进幼苗幼根的生长,50%浓度的浸提液能够促进生物量的增长,浸提液浓度过高或过低均会对生物量的增长产生抑制。
天麻块茎浸提液对油菜种子萌发具有抑制作用,能够促进苗的伸长,对油菜幼苗幼根生长和最终生物量影响表现为低促高抑。
液体发酵条件下蜜环菌长期培养中,在发酵液中营养条件允许的情况下,蜜环菌会出现二次生长,在这一过程中将有不同于第一次生长周期中的代谢产物产生。蜜环菌的代谢产物(包括发酵液、菌索代谢产物、不同时期发酵液)均对油菜籽的萌发具有抑制作用,对苗高、幼根的生长以及最终生物量的影响则各有不同:蜜环菌发酵液表现为对幼苗苗高促进、幼根生长抑制,对最终生物量的影响表现为低促高抑。蜜环菌菌索代谢产物表现为对幼苗苗高、幼根生长均具有促进作用,对最终生物量具有促进作用。蜜环菌不同时期发酵液对幼苗苗的伸长均具有促进作用,除17d发酵液对幼苗幼根生长具有抑制作用,其他各处理对幼根生长均具有促进作用,不同时期发酵液对幼苗最终生物量具有促进作用。
液体发酵培养条件下,不同浓度蜜环菌发酵液能够促进蜜环菌的生长速度,发酵液对蜜环菌衰老速度的影响表现为低抑高促。固体培养条件下,蜜环菌发酵液会抑制菌索的生长,高浓度发酵液能够促进气生菌丝的生长,并延缓菌索的老化。
高海拔天麻栽培地中土壤微生物数量较少,收获天麻后放置不同年限的土壤中的微生物的数量和种类有所不同。
There is a serious continuous cropping obstacle in the production of the famous Chinese herb Gastrodia elata BL. In order to find out the reason, the research is about the allelopathy in the Gastrodia elata BL field soil. Taking rapeseed as the receptor by means of biological measurement we studied the allelopathy of soil water extract, Gastrodia elata tuber water extract, Armillaria mellea metabolites, We studied the effect of Armillaria melle culture on the growth of itself. And we also studied the change of soil microorganism by year.
The results are as follow:
The soil water extract has an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. When the level is too high or too low, it will reduce the length of epicotyels and hypocotyels. The soil water extract can increase the total biomass in 50% concentration, but reduce at a too high or too low level.
Gastrodia elata tuber water extract has an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. It can increase the length of seedling. The influence on seedling, hypcotyels, and total biomass presents to be low-promoting and high-repressing.
The results of liquid culture showed that when the nutrient is enough the Armillaria mellea will keep on growing. And new metabolites occur in the culture. Armillaria mellea metabolites (Including pelleted mycelia metabolites, rhizomorph metabolites, metabolites from different periods) have an effect of inhibiting germination on the rapeseeds. The effect on the seedling, hypcotyels, and total biomass are different: Pelleted mycelia metabolites can increase the length of epicotyels, and can reduce the length of hypcotyels. The effect on total biomass is low-promoting and high-repressing. Rhizomorph metabolites can increase the length of seedling and hypcotyels, and it can also increase the total biomass. Armillaria mellea metabolites from different periods all have an promoting effect on the growth of epicotyels and total biomass. Only the 17d's culture inhibits the growth of hypcotyels while others promote.
Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation can promote the growth of pelleted mycelia. And the influence on aging is low-repressing and high-promoting in liquid culture. While in solid culture the Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation will repress the growth of rhizomorph. High level Armillaria mellea liquid fermentation in the solid culture can promote aerial hyphae and has an anti-aging effect on the rhizomorph.
The number of soil microorganism in high altitude area in Gastrodia elata BL field is small. The species and quality are different in the soil being removed for different years.
引文
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