差异性农村金融结构构建研究
摘要
我国农村金融改革在取得很大成就的同时,仍存在很多值得关注的问题。问题的存在使我国农村金融发展呈现出“表面高增长、实质低效率”的状态,农村金融“量”与“质”、供给和需求以及区域分布的不平衡性较明显。我国不同地区农村经济发展阶段、经济发展模式的不同,客观上要求与地区差异性相适应的农村金融结构也不同。本文从结构角度对我国农村金融问题进行分析,从中探索通过构建差异性农村金融结构,实现异质区域农村经济发展的目标。
论文的主要内容如下。
第一部分,阐述了论文的选题背景和研究意义。认为在我国当前农村改革不断深化的过程中,以农村金融为主题、从金融结构视角出发对农村金融进行研究具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
第二部分,对国内外农村金融结构理论研究的相关代表性文献进行综述,探索可供本文借鉴的理论依据。
第三部分,分别对农村金融机构、农村金融工具和农村金融市场的现状、存在的主要问题进行总体和分区分析,提出在推进下一步农村金融改革中重新构建农村金融结构的必要性。
第四部分,对我国不同地区农村金融需求的差异性进行分析,得出构建符合各地农村经济发展实际的农村金融结构的现实依据。
第五部分,在上述分析的基础上,结合相关理论和我国实际,提出我国农村金融供给重构,即构建我国差异性农村金融结构的设想。
第六部分,阐述了我国农村金融结构构建中所涉及到的法律、政策、财政税收及基础服务等相关环境的配套建设。
第七部分,总结了论文的主要观点。
China's rural financial reform has made great achievements. However, in this process there are still many issues of concern, which make China's rural financial development has shown "the surface of high growth, low efficiency in real terms" situation, the imbalance on "quantity" and "quality", demand and supply, as well as regional distribution obviously. China has a vast rural area, and different rural areas have variant stage in economic development and different modes of economic development, which objectively determines their respective, different needs of rural financial structure. Based on such a basic national conditions, this paper analyses China's rural financial problems from the structural viewpoint to build diversified rural financial structure, and then achieve the promotion of rural economic in different region.
There are seven chapters in the thesis as follows.
Chapter 1:The thesis described the research background and significance. During China's deepening rural reform process, there are certain theoretical and practical significance to make the research selecting the theme of the rural finance from the perspective of the financial structure.
Chapter 2:The rural finance structure researches are reviewed according to existing studies, and then explore the theoretical basis to build the rural financial structure.
Chapter 3:The situation of China's rural financial structure (including rural financial institutions, rural financial instruments and the rural financial market) and existing problems are discussed as overall analysis and the sub-regional study, which bring up the necessity to rebuild the rural financial structure.
Chapter 4:The thesis analyzed the differences of rural economy and the rural financial needs of different regions, which as the objective basis for rebuilding the rural financial structure to meet the needs of rural economic development.
Chapter 5:After above analysis, the thesis put forward the proposals for rebuilding the rural financial supply, i.e. building China's differential rural financial structure.
Chapter 6:The thesis gave some suggestions to improve the environment of legal and regulatory, fiscal policies and basic service environment which could guarantee the rural financial structure to function properly.
Chapter 7:The main points and conclusions are summarized in the final part.
论文的主要内容如下。
第一部分,阐述了论文的选题背景和研究意义。认为在我国当前农村改革不断深化的过程中,以农村金融为主题、从金融结构视角出发对农村金融进行研究具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
第二部分,对国内外农村金融结构理论研究的相关代表性文献进行综述,探索可供本文借鉴的理论依据。
第三部分,分别对农村金融机构、农村金融工具和农村金融市场的现状、存在的主要问题进行总体和分区分析,提出在推进下一步农村金融改革中重新构建农村金融结构的必要性。
第四部分,对我国不同地区农村金融需求的差异性进行分析,得出构建符合各地农村经济发展实际的农村金融结构的现实依据。
第五部分,在上述分析的基础上,结合相关理论和我国实际,提出我国农村金融供给重构,即构建我国差异性农村金融结构的设想。
第六部分,阐述了我国农村金融结构构建中所涉及到的法律、政策、财政税收及基础服务等相关环境的配套建设。
第七部分,总结了论文的主要观点。
China's rural financial reform has made great achievements. However, in this process there are still many issues of concern, which make China's rural financial development has shown "the surface of high growth, low efficiency in real terms" situation, the imbalance on "quantity" and "quality", demand and supply, as well as regional distribution obviously. China has a vast rural area, and different rural areas have variant stage in economic development and different modes of economic development, which objectively determines their respective, different needs of rural financial structure. Based on such a basic national conditions, this paper analyses China's rural financial problems from the structural viewpoint to build diversified rural financial structure, and then achieve the promotion of rural economic in different region.
There are seven chapters in the thesis as follows.
Chapter 1:The thesis described the research background and significance. During China's deepening rural reform process, there are certain theoretical and practical significance to make the research selecting the theme of the rural finance from the perspective of the financial structure.
Chapter 2:The rural finance structure researches are reviewed according to existing studies, and then explore the theoretical basis to build the rural financial structure.
Chapter 3:The situation of China's rural financial structure (including rural financial institutions, rural financial instruments and the rural financial market) and existing problems are discussed as overall analysis and the sub-regional study, which bring up the necessity to rebuild the rural financial structure.
Chapter 4:The thesis analyzed the differences of rural economy and the rural financial needs of different regions, which as the objective basis for rebuilding the rural financial structure to meet the needs of rural economic development.
Chapter 5:After above analysis, the thesis put forward the proposals for rebuilding the rural financial supply, i.e. building China's differential rural financial structure.
Chapter 6:The thesis gave some suggestions to improve the environment of legal and regulatory, fiscal policies and basic service environment which could guarantee the rural financial structure to function properly.
Chapter 7:The main points and conclusions are summarized in the final part.
引文
①中国农业信息网.新农村建设为农行经营带来新机遇——访农行农业信贷部总经理周清玉[EB/OL].(2006-04-04)[2010-01-18]http://www.cctw.cn/jjps/t20060404_585921.htm.
②关于农村金融结构与功能之间关系的更多研究,请见：李喜梅.基于功能视角的我国农村金融发展研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
③中国银行业监督管理委员会.中国银监会批准中国邮政储蓄银行开业[EB/OL].(2006-12-31)[2010-01-08]. http://www.cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/home/jsp/docView.jsp?doclD=2006123157A07BDD8DEC899EFF29B54110B3 5E00.
[1]埃斯里·德米尔古克-肯特,罗斯·莱文编(1999),黄纯纯等译.金融结构和经济增长：银行、市场和发展的跨国比较[M].中国人民大学出版社,2006.
[2]蔡四平,岳意定.中国农村金融组织体系重构：基于功能视角的研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007.
[3]蔡则祥.金融结构优化论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[4]董晓林,洪慧娟.中国农村经济发展中的金融支持研究[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2006.
[5]董晓时.金融结构的基础与发展[M].大连：东北财经大学出版社,1999.
[6]冯匹斯克等编著,汤世生、许均华等译.发展中经济的农村金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1990.
[7]方贤明.制度变迁与金融结构调整[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1999.
[8]冯兴元,何梦笔,何广文.试论中国农村金融的多元化——一种局部知识范式视角[J].中国农村观察,2004(5)：17-29,59.
[9]何安耐等.走向多元化、竞争性的农村金融市场[M].太原：山西经济出版社,2006.
[10]何广文.中国农村金融供求特征及均衡供求的路径选择[J].中国农村经济,2001(10)：27-32.
[11]何广文.中国农村金融转型与金融机构多元化[J].中国农村观察,2004(2)：12-21.
[12]焦瑾璞,杨骏.小额信贷和农村金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2006.
[13]雷蒙德·W·戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1994.
[14]李建英.转轨期农村金融新体系研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2007.
[15]李健等.中国金融发展中的结构问题[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[16]李量.现代金融结构导论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2001.
[17]李树生,何广文等.中国农村金融创新研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[18]李喜梅.基于功能视角的我国农村金融发展研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[19]林毅夫,孙希芳,姜烨.经济发展中的最适金融结构理论初探.北京大学中国经济研究中心讨论稿系列,No.C2006013,2006.06.19.
[20]林毅夫.金融改革与农村经济发展[M].上海改革,2003(10)：14-17.
[21]刘玲玲,杨思群,赵冬青等.中国农村金融发展研究：2007汇丰-清华经管学院中国农村金融发展研究报告[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[22]刘仁伍.区域金融结构和金融发展理论与实证研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2003：8.
[23]刘仁武.构建商业性与政策性相结合多层次农村金融体系[EB/OL].(2005-12-05)[2009.12.11]. http://business.sohu.com/20051206/n240888323.shtml.
[24]刘锡良等.中国转型期农村金融体系研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2006.
[25]罗来武,刘玉平,卢宇荣.从“机构观”到“功能观”：中国农村金融制度创新的路径选择[J].中国农村经济,2004(8)：20-25.
[26]罗纳德·Ⅰ·麦金农.经济发展中的货币与资本[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1988.
[27]潘淑娟等.多层次农村合作金融体系构建[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[28]仇坤王军辉蔡武红.农业产业化与金融服务创新[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[29]孙翠兰.京津冀区域经济合作与金融创新[J].金融博览,2008(9)：23-25.
[30]孙翠兰.论我国区域经济协调发展的有效金融调控[J].经济界,1998(5)：33-34.
[31]孙翠兰.区域经济学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
[32]孙翠兰.区域金融存在客观基础的定性分析[J].发展研究,2009(11)：9-11.
[33]孙伍琴.不同金融结构下的金融功能比较[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2003：45.
[34]王兆星.中国金融结构论[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1991.
[35]熊德平.农村金融与农村金金融发展：基于交易视角的概念重构[J].财经理论与实践,2007(2)： 8-13.
[36]熊德平.农村金融与农村经济协调发展研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[37]徐忠,张雪春,沈明高等.中国贫困地区农村金融发展研究：构造政府与市场之间的平衡[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[38]姚耀军.农村金融理论的演变及其在我国的实践[J].金融教学与研究,2005(5)：43-46.
[39]姚耀军.中国农村金融发展水平及其金融结构分析[J].中国软科学,2004(11)：36-41.
[40]张杰.中国农村金融制度：结构、变迁与政策[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[41]张杰.中国农村金融制度调整的绩效：金融需求视角[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[42]张杰,尚长风.我国农村金融结构与制度的二元分离与融合：经济发展视角的一个解释[J].商业经济与管理,2006(5)：60-65.
[43]张乐柱.需求导向的竞争性农村金融体系重构研究[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2008.
[44]张庆亮.中国农村民营金融发展研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008.
[45]张元红等.当代农村金融发展的理论与实践[M].江西：江西人民出版社,2002.
[46]中国农村金融学会.中国农村金融改革发展三十年[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[47]中国人民银行农村金融服务研究小组.中国农村金融服务报告：2008[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[48]赵怡.中国农村金融体制战略性重构研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007.
[49]周天芸.中国农村二元金融结构研究[M].广州：中山大学出版社,2004.
[50]Ariccia G. D., Garibaldi P., Gross Credit Flows [J]. The Review of Economic Studies, Vol.72, No. 3 (Jul.,2005), pp.665-685.
[51]Barham B. L., Boucher S., and Carter M. R., Credit Constraints, Credit Unions, and Small-Scale Producers in Guatemala, World Development, Vol.24, No.5(1996),pp.793-806.
[52]Bell C., Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India. In K. Hoff, A. Braveman, and J. Stiglitz, editors, The Economics of Rural Organization:Theory, Practice, and Policy, New York, Oxford University Press for the World Bank(1993), pp.186-213.
[53]Bell C., Srinivasan T.N.,Udry C., Rationing, Spillover and Interlinking in Credit Markets:The Case of Rural Punjab[J]. Oxford Economic Papers(49,1997), pp.557-587.
[54]Binswanger H. P., Khandker S. R., The Impact of Formal Finance on the Rural Economy of India [J]. The Journal of Development Studies, vol.32, No.2 (Dec.,1995), pp.234-262.
[55]Bose P., Formal-informal Sector Interaction in Rural Credit Markets, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.56(1998), pp.265-280.
[56]Chandavarkar A. G, The Non-Institutional Financial Sector in Developing Countries: Macroeconomic Implications for Savings Policies, Savings and Development, No.2(1985).
[57]Hesser, L. F., Schuh G.C., The Demand for Agricultural Mortgage Credit[J], Journal of Farm Economics, Vol.44, No.5(1962).
[58]Iqbal, F., The Demand for Funds by Agricultural Households:Evidences from Rural India, Journal of Development Studies, Vol.20, No.1(1983).
[59]Jacob Yaron, McDonald P. B. and JrGerda L. P., Rural Finance:Issues, Design and the Optimal Behavior, WORLD BANK Report,(2003).
[60]Jensen F. E., The Farm Credit System as a Government-Sponsored Enterprise [J]. Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.22, No.2 (Fall-Winter,2000), pp.326-335.
[61]Kochar, A., An Empirical Investigation of Rationing Constraints in Rural Credit Markets in India, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.53(1997), pp.339-371.
[62]Serova E., Ianbykh R., State Programs for the Support of Agricultural Credit in Transitional Economies [J]. Problems of Economic Transition, vol.42, No.2 (Jun.,1999), pp.69-80.
[63]Stiglitz J. E., Weiss A., Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information, the American Economic Review, Vol.71, No.3(1981), pp.393-410.
[64]Swinnen J. F. M., Gow H. R., Agricultural credit problems and policies during transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe [J]. Food Policy, vol.24, No.1 (1999), pp.21-47.
[65]Tsai K.S., Imperfect Substitutes:The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India, World Development, Vol.32, No.9(2004), pp.1487-1507.
②关于农村金融结构与功能之间关系的更多研究,请见：李喜梅.基于功能视角的我国农村金融发展研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
③中国银行业监督管理委员会.中国银监会批准中国邮政储蓄银行开业[EB/OL].(2006-12-31)[2010-01-08]. http://www.cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/home/jsp/docView.jsp?doclD=2006123157A07BDD8DEC899EFF29B54110B3 5E00.
[1]埃斯里·德米尔古克-肯特,罗斯·莱文编(1999),黄纯纯等译.金融结构和经济增长：银行、市场和发展的跨国比较[M].中国人民大学出版社,2006.
[2]蔡四平,岳意定.中国农村金融组织体系重构：基于功能视角的研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007.
[3]蔡则祥.金融结构优化论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[4]董晓林,洪慧娟.中国农村经济发展中的金融支持研究[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2006.
[5]董晓时.金融结构的基础与发展[M].大连：东北财经大学出版社,1999.
[6]冯匹斯克等编著,汤世生、许均华等译.发展中经济的农村金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1990.
[7]方贤明.制度变迁与金融结构调整[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1999.
[8]冯兴元,何梦笔,何广文.试论中国农村金融的多元化——一种局部知识范式视角[J].中国农村观察,2004(5)：17-29,59.
[9]何安耐等.走向多元化、竞争性的农村金融市场[M].太原：山西经济出版社,2006.
[10]何广文.中国农村金融供求特征及均衡供求的路径选择[J].中国农村经济,2001(10)：27-32.
[11]何广文.中国农村金融转型与金融机构多元化[J].中国农村观察,2004(2)：12-21.
[12]焦瑾璞,杨骏.小额信贷和农村金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2006.
[13]雷蒙德·W·戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1994.
[14]李建英.转轨期农村金融新体系研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2007.
[15]李健等.中国金融发展中的结构问题[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[16]李量.现代金融结构导论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2001.
[17]李树生,何广文等.中国农村金融创新研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[18]李喜梅.基于功能视角的我国农村金融发展研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[19]林毅夫,孙希芳,姜烨.经济发展中的最适金融结构理论初探.北京大学中国经济研究中心讨论稿系列,No.C2006013,2006.06.19.
[20]林毅夫.金融改革与农村经济发展[M].上海改革,2003(10)：14-17.
[21]刘玲玲,杨思群,赵冬青等.中国农村金融发展研究：2007汇丰-清华经管学院中国农村金融发展研究报告[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[22]刘仁伍.区域金融结构和金融发展理论与实证研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2003：8.
[23]刘仁武.构建商业性与政策性相结合多层次农村金融体系[EB/OL].(2005-12-05)[2009.12.11]. http://business.sohu.com/20051206/n240888323.shtml.
[24]刘锡良等.中国转型期农村金融体系研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2006.
[25]罗来武,刘玉平,卢宇荣.从“机构观”到“功能观”：中国农村金融制度创新的路径选择[J].中国农村经济,2004(8)：20-25.
[26]罗纳德·Ⅰ·麦金农.经济发展中的货币与资本[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1988.
[27]潘淑娟等.多层次农村合作金融体系构建[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[28]仇坤王军辉蔡武红.农业产业化与金融服务创新[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[29]孙翠兰.京津冀区域经济合作与金融创新[J].金融博览,2008(9)：23-25.
[30]孙翠兰.论我国区域经济协调发展的有效金融调控[J].经济界,1998(5)：33-34.
[31]孙翠兰.区域经济学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
[32]孙翠兰.区域金融存在客观基础的定性分析[J].发展研究,2009(11)：9-11.
[33]孙伍琴.不同金融结构下的金融功能比较[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2003：45.
[34]王兆星.中国金融结构论[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1991.
[35]熊德平.农村金融与农村金金融发展：基于交易视角的概念重构[J].财经理论与实践,2007(2)： 8-13.
[36]熊德平.农村金融与农村经济协调发展研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[37]徐忠,张雪春,沈明高等.中国贫困地区农村金融发展研究：构造政府与市场之间的平衡[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[38]姚耀军.农村金融理论的演变及其在我国的实践[J].金融教学与研究,2005(5)：43-46.
[39]姚耀军.中国农村金融发展水平及其金融结构分析[J].中国软科学,2004(11)：36-41.
[40]张杰.中国农村金融制度：结构、变迁与政策[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[41]张杰.中国农村金融制度调整的绩效：金融需求视角[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[42]张杰,尚长风.我国农村金融结构与制度的二元分离与融合：经济发展视角的一个解释[J].商业经济与管理,2006(5)：60-65.
[43]张乐柱.需求导向的竞争性农村金融体系重构研究[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2008.
[44]张庆亮.中国农村民营金融发展研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008.
[45]张元红等.当代农村金融发展的理论与实践[M].江西：江西人民出版社,2002.
[46]中国农村金融学会.中国农村金融改革发展三十年[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[47]中国人民银行农村金融服务研究小组.中国农村金融服务报告：2008[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008.
[48]赵怡.中国农村金融体制战略性重构研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007.
[49]周天芸.中国农村二元金融结构研究[M].广州：中山大学出版社,2004.
[50]Ariccia G. D., Garibaldi P., Gross Credit Flows [J]. The Review of Economic Studies, Vol.72, No. 3 (Jul.,2005), pp.665-685.
[51]Barham B. L., Boucher S., and Carter M. R., Credit Constraints, Credit Unions, and Small-Scale Producers in Guatemala, World Development, Vol.24, No.5(1996),pp.793-806.
[52]Bell C., Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India. In K. Hoff, A. Braveman, and J. Stiglitz, editors, The Economics of Rural Organization:Theory, Practice, and Policy, New York, Oxford University Press for the World Bank(1993), pp.186-213.
[53]Bell C., Srinivasan T.N.,Udry C., Rationing, Spillover and Interlinking in Credit Markets:The Case of Rural Punjab[J]. Oxford Economic Papers(49,1997), pp.557-587.
[54]Binswanger H. P., Khandker S. R., The Impact of Formal Finance on the Rural Economy of India [J]. The Journal of Development Studies, vol.32, No.2 (Dec.,1995), pp.234-262.
[55]Bose P., Formal-informal Sector Interaction in Rural Credit Markets, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.56(1998), pp.265-280.
[56]Chandavarkar A. G, The Non-Institutional Financial Sector in Developing Countries: Macroeconomic Implications for Savings Policies, Savings and Development, No.2(1985).
[57]Hesser, L. F., Schuh G.C., The Demand for Agricultural Mortgage Credit[J], Journal of Farm Economics, Vol.44, No.5(1962).
[58]Iqbal, F., The Demand for Funds by Agricultural Households:Evidences from Rural India, Journal of Development Studies, Vol.20, No.1(1983).
[59]Jacob Yaron, McDonald P. B. and JrGerda L. P., Rural Finance:Issues, Design and the Optimal Behavior, WORLD BANK Report,(2003).
[60]Jensen F. E., The Farm Credit System as a Government-Sponsored Enterprise [J]. Review of Agricultural Economics, vol.22, No.2 (Fall-Winter,2000), pp.326-335.
[61]Kochar, A., An Empirical Investigation of Rationing Constraints in Rural Credit Markets in India, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.53(1997), pp.339-371.
[62]Serova E., Ianbykh R., State Programs for the Support of Agricultural Credit in Transitional Economies [J]. Problems of Economic Transition, vol.42, No.2 (Jun.,1999), pp.69-80.
[63]Stiglitz J. E., Weiss A., Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information, the American Economic Review, Vol.71, No.3(1981), pp.393-410.
[64]Swinnen J. F. M., Gow H. R., Agricultural credit problems and policies during transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe [J]. Food Policy, vol.24, No.1 (1999), pp.21-47.
[65]Tsai K.S., Imperfect Substitutes:The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India, World Development, Vol.32, No.9(2004), pp.1487-1507.