农民专业合作组织模式下农户融资信用研究
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摘要
信用对经济增长具有很大的促进作用,但是现阶段信用水平低下已经成为我国经济发展过程中一个非常严重的问题。在农村地区,农户融资信用供需矛盾突出,陷入融资困境,所以本文基于群体传播网络对农民专业合作组织模式下农户的融资信用进行了研究,认为可以以农民专业合作组织作为农户对外、对内融资的载体,进而利用它具有的组织优势提升农户融资信用。
文章主体可以分为三部分：首先,阐述了信用的内涵、洛川果农资金借贷现状及陷入融资困境的原因,在此基础上分析了在洛川苹果产区建立农民专业合作组织的可行性,并认为农民专业合作组织具有作为融资载体的经济基础和制度保障。
其次,讨论了在农民专业合作组织模式下发展联保贷款可以提升农户的对外融资信用,为了克服联保贷款的固有缺陷,可以将联保贷款引入农民专业合作组织模式中。该模式下联保小组组建更容易、成员更容易履行还款义务、强化了成员问的利益相关性和互相监督力度。基于群体传播网络的研究,进一步分析得出：农民专业合作组织模式下社会惩罚的有效实施及隐含担保的存在有利于联保贷款还款率的提升,推动了信用活动的顺利进行,在一定程度上促使了农户对外融资信用的提升。
最后,探讨了在农民专业合作组织模式下发展合作金融可以提升农户对内融资信用。这种贷款模式的创新符合小范围合作原则,降低道德风险和交易成本,具有更强的内生性,存在严格的信用筛选和惩罚机制。基于全通道型群体传播网络分析得出：从众行为诱发的更为严格的借贷行为规范,信息传播加速引起的潜在违约成本增加,封闭系统减少的资金外流,凝聚力增强提升的资金合作效率等因素保证了农户对内融资活动的顺利开展,可以使农户信用水平得以提升。
从本文的研究可以看出,可以利用现有的组织资源进行贷款模式的创新,从而直接或间接提升农户的融资信用,解决农户的融资难题,确保农村经济快速发展。
Credit plays a great role in promoting economic growth, but the poor credit level has become a very serious problem in the development process of China's economic in the present stage. In rural areas, the imbalance between supply and demand of farmers financing credit outstands, which leads to the financing dilemma. So the financing credit in the farmers specialised cooperative organization mode based on group communication network was studied in this paper. The paper holded that the farmers specialised cooperative organization could be used as farmers external and internal financing carrier to enhance the farmers financing credit by using the advantages of it.
The subject of the paper can be divided into three parts. Firstly, the connotation of credit,the present situation of Luochuan fruit grower capital loan and the reason of falling into financing dilemma were discussed. On this basis the feasibility of establishing farmers specialised cooperative organization in the Luochuan apple producing areas was analyzed. The conclusion that the farmers specialised cooperative organization had the economic foundation and system guarantee as financing carrier.
Secondly, that developing the co-guarantee loan in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode can enhance the farmers external financing credit was discussed. The co-guarantee loan was introduced into farmers specialised cooperative organization mode to overcome the inherent defects of co-guarantee loan. The model not only made the establishment of co-guarantee group and the performance of repayment obligations of members easier, but also strengthened the interests correlation and mutual supervision among the members. The further analysis based on the research of group communication network indicated that the effective implementation of social punishment and existence of implicit guarantee in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode which could promote the smooth progress of credit activities and urge the promotion of farmers external financing were beneficial for the promoting of co-guarantee loan repayment rate.
Finally, that developing the cooperative finance in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode can enhance the farmers internal financing credit was discussed. This innovation of loan mode with stronger endogenous and stringent credit screening and punishment mechanism conformed to the principles of small-scale model cooperation and reduced moral hazard and transaction costs. The analysis based on all channels of group communication networks showed that conformity behavior induced more stringent loan behavior criterion, the increase of potential non-compliance costs caused by rapider communication of information, reducing the capital outflow in closed system and financial cooperation efficiency improved by cohesion enhancing can ensure the smooth progress of farmers internal financing activities and improve the farmers credit level.
As can be seen from the study, we can use the existing organization resources to make the innovation of load model, which could directly or indirectly enhance the farmers financing credit and solve farmers financing problems and ensure rapid development of rural economy.
文章主体可以分为三部分：首先,阐述了信用的内涵、洛川果农资金借贷现状及陷入融资困境的原因,在此基础上分析了在洛川苹果产区建立农民专业合作组织的可行性,并认为农民专业合作组织具有作为融资载体的经济基础和制度保障。
其次,讨论了在农民专业合作组织模式下发展联保贷款可以提升农户的对外融资信用,为了克服联保贷款的固有缺陷,可以将联保贷款引入农民专业合作组织模式中。该模式下联保小组组建更容易、成员更容易履行还款义务、强化了成员问的利益相关性和互相监督力度。基于群体传播网络的研究,进一步分析得出：农民专业合作组织模式下社会惩罚的有效实施及隐含担保的存在有利于联保贷款还款率的提升,推动了信用活动的顺利进行,在一定程度上促使了农户对外融资信用的提升。
最后,探讨了在农民专业合作组织模式下发展合作金融可以提升农户对内融资信用。这种贷款模式的创新符合小范围合作原则,降低道德风险和交易成本,具有更强的内生性,存在严格的信用筛选和惩罚机制。基于全通道型群体传播网络分析得出：从众行为诱发的更为严格的借贷行为规范,信息传播加速引起的潜在违约成本增加,封闭系统减少的资金外流,凝聚力增强提升的资金合作效率等因素保证了农户对内融资活动的顺利开展,可以使农户信用水平得以提升。
从本文的研究可以看出,可以利用现有的组织资源进行贷款模式的创新,从而直接或间接提升农户的融资信用,解决农户的融资难题,确保农村经济快速发展。
Credit plays a great role in promoting economic growth, but the poor credit level has become a very serious problem in the development process of China's economic in the present stage. In rural areas, the imbalance between supply and demand of farmers financing credit outstands, which leads to the financing dilemma. So the financing credit in the farmers specialised cooperative organization mode based on group communication network was studied in this paper. The paper holded that the farmers specialised cooperative organization could be used as farmers external and internal financing carrier to enhance the farmers financing credit by using the advantages of it.
The subject of the paper can be divided into three parts. Firstly, the connotation of credit,the present situation of Luochuan fruit grower capital loan and the reason of falling into financing dilemma were discussed. On this basis the feasibility of establishing farmers specialised cooperative organization in the Luochuan apple producing areas was analyzed. The conclusion that the farmers specialised cooperative organization had the economic foundation and system guarantee as financing carrier.
Secondly, that developing the co-guarantee loan in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode can enhance the farmers external financing credit was discussed. The co-guarantee loan was introduced into farmers specialised cooperative organization mode to overcome the inherent defects of co-guarantee loan. The model not only made the establishment of co-guarantee group and the performance of repayment obligations of members easier, but also strengthened the interests correlation and mutual supervision among the members. The further analysis based on the research of group communication network indicated that the effective implementation of social punishment and existence of implicit guarantee in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode which could promote the smooth progress of credit activities and urge the promotion of farmers external financing were beneficial for the promoting of co-guarantee loan repayment rate.
Finally, that developing the cooperative finance in farmers specialised cooperative organization mode can enhance the farmers internal financing credit was discussed. This innovation of loan mode with stronger endogenous and stringent credit screening and punishment mechanism conformed to the principles of small-scale model cooperation and reduced moral hazard and transaction costs. The analysis based on all channels of group communication networks showed that conformity behavior induced more stringent loan behavior criterion, the increase of potential non-compliance costs caused by rapider communication of information, reducing the capital outflow in closed system and financial cooperation efficiency improved by cohesion enhancing can ensure the smooth progress of farmers internal financing activities and improve the farmers credit level.
As can be seen from the study, we can use the existing organization resources to make the innovation of load model, which could directly or indirectly enhance the farmers financing credit and solve farmers financing problems and ensure rapid development of rural economy.
引文
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