基于模糊灰关联的新产品开发项目后评价研究及应用
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摘要
新产品开发项目后评价是企业研发活动中的重要环节,进行科学合理的项目评价,对企业新产品开发活动有着深远的影响。在这样的背景下,本文试图建立一套系统、科学的后评价指标体系,引入科学的评价方法,为企业的新产品开发项目的后评价提供参考依据。
首先,论文对当今企业面临的环境做了深入地分析,并进一步阐述国内外新产品开发项目后评价的研究现状,包括国内外项目后评价的发展历程与现状、新产品开发项目后评价现状等;接着,对本论文的研究目的和意义进行了说明;最后,对本论文的基本研究内容和主要构架进行了叙述。
其次,对新产品开发项目涉及到的相关理论进行了系统的研究和探索,首先对新产品开发的相关概念,包括新产品的概念、特点、必要性等进行了阐述,然后,对项目后评价理论,如后评价含义、特点、基本原则和方法等进行了分析。
第三,论文对新产品开发项目的相关理念进行深入的研究,提出了新产品开发项目后评价“四维”评价模型,在此基础上建立了新产品开发项目后评价初级指标体系,并且提出了基于灰色关联度分析的指标筛选模型,为初级指标的进一步处理提供了科学依据。
第四,提出了应用AHP-模糊综合评价模型对新产品开发项目进行综合后评价,系统的构建了评价的途径和步骤,通过这一模型,有效地解决了新产品开发项目后评价过程中的模糊性问题,将定性指标和定量指标结合起来,实现了总体评价的量化。
第五,将上述理论研究成果应用到H公司的新产品开发项目的后评价中,验证了模型的可行性与科学性。
最后,对论文研究的内容进行了总结概括,并且提出了进一步完善的方向。
New product development is an important link of the enterprise R&D activities. Make a scientific and reasonable valuation has a great impact of enterprise R&D projects. Under this condition, this paper tries to establish a systematic and scientific post evaluation index system and bring in scientific evaluation method, with the aim of providing a scientific proof in the new product development project post evaluation.
Firstly, make a full analysis of the environment that enterprise faced. Furthermore, expound domestic and overseas new product development project post evaluation present situation. Include development history and status quo of domestic and overseas project post evaluation, the actuality of new product development project and so on. Then explain the research purpose and sense of this dissertation. At the last, recount the main research contents and frame of this thesis.
Secondly, process system research and exploration of new product development project related theory. First of all, make a elaborate of new product development related concept include the new product development notion, characteristic, necessity etc. And then analyze the theory of project post evaluation. Such as the meaning of post evaluation, characteristic, basic principle and evaluation method and so on.
Thirdly, Set up post evaluation index system four-dimensional model after a full research of new product development related theories, on the basis of this model, set up primary post evaluation index system of new product development program. Then adopted Grey correlation analysis to sift the Index System, this will provide scientific proof for the further dispose of the primary post index system.
Fourthly, propose to use AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to make a systematic evaluation of new product development. Indicated the evaluation method and procedure in detail. It will solve the fuzziness issue in the evaluation process though this model, qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators are reconciled effectively to achieve a general qualitative evaluation.
Fifthly, put the research achievement in to use in H company, test and verify the feasibility and scientificalness of the model.
Finally, sum up the main content of this research paper and point out the way of further improve.
首先,论文对当今企业面临的环境做了深入地分析,并进一步阐述国内外新产品开发项目后评价的研究现状,包括国内外项目后评价的发展历程与现状、新产品开发项目后评价现状等;接着,对本论文的研究目的和意义进行了说明;最后,对本论文的基本研究内容和主要构架进行了叙述。
其次,对新产品开发项目涉及到的相关理论进行了系统的研究和探索,首先对新产品开发的相关概念,包括新产品的概念、特点、必要性等进行了阐述,然后,对项目后评价理论,如后评价含义、特点、基本原则和方法等进行了分析。
第三,论文对新产品开发项目的相关理念进行深入的研究,提出了新产品开发项目后评价“四维”评价模型,在此基础上建立了新产品开发项目后评价初级指标体系,并且提出了基于灰色关联度分析的指标筛选模型,为初级指标的进一步处理提供了科学依据。
第四,提出了应用AHP-模糊综合评价模型对新产品开发项目进行综合后评价,系统的构建了评价的途径和步骤,通过这一模型,有效地解决了新产品开发项目后评价过程中的模糊性问题,将定性指标和定量指标结合起来,实现了总体评价的量化。
第五,将上述理论研究成果应用到H公司的新产品开发项目的后评价中,验证了模型的可行性与科学性。
最后,对论文研究的内容进行了总结概括,并且提出了进一步完善的方向。
New product development is an important link of the enterprise R&D activities. Make a scientific and reasonable valuation has a great impact of enterprise R&D projects. Under this condition, this paper tries to establish a systematic and scientific post evaluation index system and bring in scientific evaluation method, with the aim of providing a scientific proof in the new product development project post evaluation.
Firstly, make a full analysis of the environment that enterprise faced. Furthermore, expound domestic and overseas new product development project post evaluation present situation. Include development history and status quo of domestic and overseas project post evaluation, the actuality of new product development project and so on. Then explain the research purpose and sense of this dissertation. At the last, recount the main research contents and frame of this thesis.
Secondly, process system research and exploration of new product development project related theory. First of all, make a elaborate of new product development related concept include the new product development notion, characteristic, necessity etc. And then analyze the theory of project post evaluation. Such as the meaning of post evaluation, characteristic, basic principle and evaluation method and so on.
Thirdly, Set up post evaluation index system four-dimensional model after a full research of new product development related theories, on the basis of this model, set up primary post evaluation index system of new product development program. Then adopted Grey correlation analysis to sift the Index System, this will provide scientific proof for the further dispose of the primary post index system.
Fourthly, propose to use AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to make a systematic evaluation of new product development. Indicated the evaluation method and procedure in detail. It will solve the fuzziness issue in the evaluation process though this model, qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators are reconciled effectively to achieve a general qualitative evaluation.
Fifthly, put the research achievement in to use in H company, test and verify the feasibility and scientificalness of the model.
Finally, sum up the main content of this research paper and point out the way of further improve.
引文
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[36] Wu Weiduan,Pan Zhaolu.Grey relational analyzing the associated elements of gold. The Journal of Grey System,1999,11(2):143-146.
[37] Zhong Yi.Grey analyzing the decrease of cultivated area in Guangdong Province.The Journal of Grey System,2001,13(2):193-198.
[38]游桂芝,鲍大忠.灰色关联度法在地质危害性评价指标筛选及其指标权重确定中的应用[J].贵州工业大学学报,2008(6):4-8.
[39]张蕾,刘晓敏等.南方地区地下水功能评价指标筛选研究[J].水资源保护,2010(4):26-29,94.
[40]章熙春,马卫华等.基于灰色关联度评价方法的高校科技创新能力评价实证研究[J].科技管理研究, 2010(14):66-70.
[41] Saaty T. L. The analytic hierarchy process[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Company,1980.
[42] Shan F, Li D X. Decision support for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of urban development. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1999, 105(1): 1-12.
[43]祝金荣.基于模糊综合评价的并购目标决策.工业技术经济,2006,25(1):23-24.
[44]甘早斌,何建国.入侵检测系统的多层次模糊综合评价研究.计算机应用研究,2006,(4):90-93.
[45]张永水.模糊综合评判法在拱桥技术状况评定中的应用,2005,24(5):14-17.
[46]韩利,梅强,陆玉梅等.AHP-模糊综合评价方法的分析与研究.中国安全科学学报,2004,14(7):86-89.
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[2]刘崇波.供应链成本管理研究[D].沈阳:东北财经大学,2006.
[3]梁新弘.现代企业电子商务竞争策略及运作管理[D].天津:天津财经学院,2001.
[4]刘燕.浅谈敏捷制作.科技信息[J],2009(13).
[5]蒋长兵,白丽君.供应链理论技术与建模[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2009.
[6]周健斌.以中小企业为核心的供应链管理运作策略研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.
[7]张三力.项目后评价.[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[8] Wei Zhou, Shengtui Zhang, Xiaoduan Sun. Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of Highway Network Artificial Neural Network[J}.Journal of Economics. 1999,12 (2):90一98.
[9]周密.汽车新产品开发后评价体系研究与应用[D]:重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[10] Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge Project. Management Institute Standard Committee[J].2000.213-259.
[11] MBA必修核心课程编译组.新产品开发[M].中国国际广播出版社.2000.
[12]宏江.构建我国政府投资项目绩效评价体系的几点思考[J].中国行政管理,2009(5).
[13] International Project Management Association,International Project Management Association Competency Baseline[J].2000.556-583.
[14] Francescato D.A multidimensional perspective of organizational change[J].Systems Practice,1992.5(2).129-146.
[15]白思俊.项目中评价初探[J].管理工程学报,2000,14(2).65-66.
[16]白思俊.关于项目后评价的探讨[J]管理工程学报.2002,16.5-7.
[17] J.F.Gu and Z.C.Zhu. The Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li Approach(WSR):An Oriental Methodology, in Systems Methodology: Possibilities for Cross-Cultural Learning and Integration 9 (G.Midgley and J.Wilby eds).The University of Hull Press[J]. United Kingdom.1995.31-40
[18] Zhao L Y,Gu J F.An overview of evaluation in theory and practice[C].Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybemetics: Information Intelligence and Systems Beijing ,China, October 14-17.1996.2047-2411.
[19] Zhao L Y,Gu J F,Chen Z Y.The application of Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li(WSR)system methodology to R&D project evaluation and selection[C].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Management,Shanghai.1998.119-128.
[20]崔毅.项目投资决策的必要性原则解析.数量经济技术经济研究.2001,12.112-114.
[21]余晓岭等.技术项目评价与选择方法研究[J].管理工程学报,,2000,1:31-34.
[22]朱若初.高速公路可持续性的评价指标体系研究[D].南京:东南大学,2006.
[23]欧阳轶翔,陈治亚.基于二维结构的企业研发项目后评价模型研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(12): 1853-1861,1828
[24]唐学文.路桥投资项目后评价理论与应用分析研究南京[J]:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[25]司晓龙.基于动态联盟的新产品开发项目管理研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[26]王静.新产品开发中的产品平台战略研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2006.
[27]胡闻华.新产品开发组织管理的模式转换研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.2004.
[28]张楷颜.港口建设项目后评价研究[D].厦门:厦门大学.2007.
[29]刘岚.风电工程项目后评价指标体系与评价方法研究[D].保定:华北电力大学.2008.
[30]孟建英.工程建设投资项目后评价理论方法与应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[31]徐帆.商业房地产项目后评价研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[32]邓聚龙.灰色系统(社会经济).国防工业出版社,1985,52-53.
[33]周秀文.灰色关联度的研究与应用[D].吉林:吉林大学,2006.
[34] Ching-Chang Wong,Chia-Chong Chen.Data clustering by grey relational analysis. The Journal of Grey System,1998,10(4).:281-288.
[35] Kun-Li Wen,Ting-Cheng Chang et al.Data preprocessing for grey relational analysis. The Journal of Grey System,1999,11(2):139-141.
[36] Wu Weiduan,Pan Zhaolu.Grey relational analyzing the associated elements of gold. The Journal of Grey System,1999,11(2):143-146.
[37] Zhong Yi.Grey analyzing the decrease of cultivated area in Guangdong Province.The Journal of Grey System,2001,13(2):193-198.
[38]游桂芝,鲍大忠.灰色关联度法在地质危害性评价指标筛选及其指标权重确定中的应用[J].贵州工业大学学报,2008(6):4-8.
[39]张蕾,刘晓敏等.南方地区地下水功能评价指标筛选研究[J].水资源保护,2010(4):26-29,94.
[40]章熙春,马卫华等.基于灰色关联度评价方法的高校科技创新能力评价实证研究[J].科技管理研究, 2010(14):66-70.
[41] Saaty T. L. The analytic hierarchy process[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Company,1980.
[42] Shan F, Li D X. Decision support for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of urban development. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1999, 105(1): 1-12.
[43]祝金荣.基于模糊综合评价的并购目标决策.工业技术经济,2006,25(1):23-24.
[44]甘早斌,何建国.入侵检测系统的多层次模糊综合评价研究.计算机应用研究,2006,(4):90-93.
[45]张永水.模糊综合评判法在拱桥技术状况评定中的应用,2005,24(5):14-17.
[46]韩利,梅强,陆玉梅等.AHP-模糊综合评价方法的分析与研究.中国安全科学学报,2004,14(7):86-89.
[47]张丽娜.AHP-模糊综合评价法在生态工业园区评价中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[48] Saaty A L.The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw Hfll, Inc, 1980.
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