基于LIDAR数据的城市地表和建筑物模型提取技术研究
摘要
随着空间信息需求的不断增加,“数字地球”的概念深入人心,如何高效地获取高精度、可靠的三维数据已成为测绘工作者研究的热点。
本文主要研究机载LIDAR数据处理的理论和方法,在分析和总结了LIDAR技术原理和特点的基础上,探讨机载LIDAR数据城市地表和建筑物模型提取中的关键技术,具体内容如下:
(1)深入分析研究了LIDAR系统组成、工作原理、数据特点和应用领域。
(2)在地形重建方面主要概述了滤波的基本概念和原理,讨论分析了各种滤波算法和插值算法,结合本文数据特点和应用选择了移动曲面拟合算法进行了滤波,在分析了各种插值算法的基础上,采用了不规则三角网创建地表模型。
(3)在建筑物提取方面主要分析了当前主流的建筑物提取算法,提出了一种基于影像的粗提取方法,并在粗提取的基础上利用TERRA BUILD软件辅助进行了精细的建筑物模型提取。
(4)编程实现了移动曲面拟合算法,并在阈值判断机制方面进行了改进。
以上内容经过实验验证,算法简单有效,能够满足中小城市三维建模的需要。
With the increasing demand for spatial information , "Digital Earth" are slowly filtering into people's minds。So how to obtain high-precision and reliable three-dimensional mapping data efficiently has become a hotspot for surveying and mapping workers.
This paper has mainly studied the theories and methods of data processing technology of airborne LIDAR, and on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the principles and characteristics of LIDAR technology to probing the key technology of airborne LIDAR data in extraction urban surface and building models, the detail content as follows:
(1) Making an intensive study of the LIDAR system composition, the working principle, the data features and the application area.
(2) Discussing on the basic concept and the principle of filtering mainly in surface reconstruction, analyzing of various kinds of Filtering algorithm and interpolation algorithm, combining the characteristics of data with its applications to choose a mobile surface fitting algorithms to filter, using Tin to create surface models based on the analysis of various kinds of interpolation algorithm.
(3) Analyzing the current building extraction algorithm in the aspects of building extraction, putting forward a rough extraction method based on image, and making a fine extraction of building models used TERRA BUILD software.
(4) Realizing the mobile surface fitting algorithm by Programming, and improving the method of determining threshold.
本文主要研究机载LIDAR数据处理的理论和方法,在分析和总结了LIDAR技术原理和特点的基础上,探讨机载LIDAR数据城市地表和建筑物模型提取中的关键技术,具体内容如下:
(1)深入分析研究了LIDAR系统组成、工作原理、数据特点和应用领域。
(2)在地形重建方面主要概述了滤波的基本概念和原理,讨论分析了各种滤波算法和插值算法,结合本文数据特点和应用选择了移动曲面拟合算法进行了滤波,在分析了各种插值算法的基础上,采用了不规则三角网创建地表模型。
(3)在建筑物提取方面主要分析了当前主流的建筑物提取算法,提出了一种基于影像的粗提取方法,并在粗提取的基础上利用TERRA BUILD软件辅助进行了精细的建筑物模型提取。
(4)编程实现了移动曲面拟合算法,并在阈值判断机制方面进行了改进。
以上内容经过实验验证,算法简单有效,能够满足中小城市三维建模的需要。
With the increasing demand for spatial information , "Digital Earth" are slowly filtering into people's minds。So how to obtain high-precision and reliable three-dimensional mapping data efficiently has become a hotspot for surveying and mapping workers.
This paper has mainly studied the theories and methods of data processing technology of airborne LIDAR, and on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the principles and characteristics of LIDAR technology to probing the key technology of airborne LIDAR data in extraction urban surface and building models, the detail content as follows:
(1) Making an intensive study of the LIDAR system composition, the working principle, the data features and the application area.
(2) Discussing on the basic concept and the principle of filtering mainly in surface reconstruction, analyzing of various kinds of Filtering algorithm and interpolation algorithm, combining the characteristics of data with its applications to choose a mobile surface fitting algorithms to filter, using Tin to create surface models based on the analysis of various kinds of interpolation algorithm.
(3) Analyzing the current building extraction algorithm in the aspects of building extraction, putting forward a rough extraction method based on image, and making a fine extraction of building models used TERRA BUILD software.
(4) Realizing the mobile surface fitting algorithm by Programming, and improving the method of determining threshold.
引文
[1]刘经南,张小红.激光扫描测高技术的发展与现状[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2003,4
[2]谭仁春,江文萍,杜清运.三维GIS中建筑物的若干问题探讨[J].测绘工程, 2003,12(l):20-23
[3]孙敏,陈军.维城市模型的数据获取方法评述[J].测绘通报,2000,3(11):4-6
[4]李英成,文沃根,王伟.快速获取地面三维数据的LIDAR技术系统[J].测绘科学,2002,6(12)
[5]廖丽琼,罗德安.地面激光雷达的数据处理及其精度分析[J].四川测绘,2004,3(12)
[6]李树楷,薛永祺.机载扫描式激光测距-多光谱成像制图系统.武汉测绘科技大学报[J].1998,10(12)
[7]贾云得.机器视觉.科学出版社[M].2000
[8]梁欣廉.机载激光雷达数据滤波及建筑物模型重建[D].中国测绘科学研究院硕士论文,2005
[9]刘大杰,施一民.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[10]袁修孝.GPS辅助空中三角测量原理及应用[M].测绘出版社,2001.
[11]李学友.IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量原理、方法及实践[D].解放军信息工程大学博士学位论文,2005
[12]李树楷.遥感时空信息集成技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2003.
[13]赖旭东,万幼川.机载激光雷达距离图像的边缘检测研究.红外与激光工程,2005.
[14]尤红建.激光三维遥感数据处理及建筑物重建[M].测绘出版社,2006.
[15]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005
[16] G.Vosselman. Building reconstruction using planar faces in very high density height data. ISPRS Conference on Automatic Extraction of GIS Objects from Digital Imagery, Munich,1999
[17]舒宁.激光成像[M].武汉大学出版社,2005
[18] K.Kraus, N.Pfeifer. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote sensing, 1998, 5(53):193-203
[19]贾广帅.机载激光雷达数据特点和滤波方法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2007
[20]陈述彭,鲁学军等.地理信息系统导论[M].科学出版社,1999
[21]刘经南,张小红,李征航.影响机载激光扫描测高精度的系统误差分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(2):111-117
[22]张小红.机载激光扫描测高数据滤波及地物提取[D].武汉大学博士论文,2002
[23]张超,郑勇.计算机GPS+OEM板进行精确时间测量的研究[J].测绘通报,2003(5):9-12
[24] George Sithole, George Vosselman. Comparison of Filtering Algorithms, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology 2003(10)
[25] Paolo G. Digital surface models and building extraction: A comparison of IFSAR and LIDAR data. IEEE transactions on geosciences and remote sensing,2000,38(4):1959-1968
[26] Nzar ABOA. Automatic DTM extraction from Dense Raw LIDAR data in Urban Areas. In: FIG working week 2003 Paris[C],2003,France. April,13-17
[27] Automated building extraction and reconstruction from LIDAR data. http://icrest.missouri.edu.
[28] Baltsavias EP. Airborne Laser Scanning: Existing Systems and Firms and Other Resources. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1999
[29]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[30]张宏,温永宁.地理信息系统算法基础[M].科学出版社,2000
[31]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量[M].武汉测绘科技出版社,1996
[32]尤红建.激光三维遥感数据处理及建筑物重建[M].测绘出版社,2006
[33]李树楷.遥感时空信息集成技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2003
[34] Abdullatif Alharthy, James Bethel. Heuristic Filtering and 3D Feature Extraction from LIDAR data. ISPRS Commission III, Symposium 2002, Graz, Austria, 2002(9)
[35] C.L. Lawson. Generation of a triangular grid with applications to contour plotting Memo 299, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1972
[36] Franz Rottensteiner, Christian Briese.A New Method for Building Extraction in Urban Areas from High-Resolution LIDAR Data. ISPRS Commission III Symposium, Graz, Austria, 2002(9)
[37] Guo Tao, Yoshifumi Yasuoka. Combining high resolution satellite imagery and air borne laser scanning data for generating bare land and DEM in urban areas. International Workshop on Visualization and Animation Of Landscape, Kunming, China.2001
[38] http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lasformat/files
[39] http://www.g-einfo.com/case_road.aspx
[40] www.earthdata.com
[41] www.g-einfo.com
[42] www.itc.nl/personal/vosselman/
[43] www.optech.ca
[44] www.terrasolid.fi
[45] www.ytdrs.com.cn
[2]谭仁春,江文萍,杜清运.三维GIS中建筑物的若干问题探讨[J].测绘工程, 2003,12(l):20-23
[3]孙敏,陈军.维城市模型的数据获取方法评述[J].测绘通报,2000,3(11):4-6
[4]李英成,文沃根,王伟.快速获取地面三维数据的LIDAR技术系统[J].测绘科学,2002,6(12)
[5]廖丽琼,罗德安.地面激光雷达的数据处理及其精度分析[J].四川测绘,2004,3(12)
[6]李树楷,薛永祺.机载扫描式激光测距-多光谱成像制图系统.武汉测绘科技大学报[J].1998,10(12)
[7]贾云得.机器视觉.科学出版社[M].2000
[8]梁欣廉.机载激光雷达数据滤波及建筑物模型重建[D].中国测绘科学研究院硕士论文,2005
[9]刘大杰,施一民.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[10]袁修孝.GPS辅助空中三角测量原理及应用[M].测绘出版社,2001.
[11]李学友.IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量原理、方法及实践[D].解放军信息工程大学博士学位论文,2005
[12]李树楷.遥感时空信息集成技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2003.
[13]赖旭东,万幼川.机载激光雷达距离图像的边缘检测研究.红外与激光工程,2005.
[14]尤红建.激光三维遥感数据处理及建筑物重建[M].测绘出版社,2006.
[15]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005
[16] G.Vosselman. Building reconstruction using planar faces in very high density height data. ISPRS Conference on Automatic Extraction of GIS Objects from Digital Imagery, Munich,1999
[17]舒宁.激光成像[M].武汉大学出版社,2005
[18] K.Kraus, N.Pfeifer. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote sensing, 1998, 5(53):193-203
[19]贾广帅.机载激光雷达数据特点和滤波方法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2007
[20]陈述彭,鲁学军等.地理信息系统导论[M].科学出版社,1999
[21]刘经南,张小红,李征航.影响机载激光扫描测高精度的系统误差分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(2):111-117
[22]张小红.机载激光扫描测高数据滤波及地物提取[D].武汉大学博士论文,2002
[23]张超,郑勇.计算机GPS+OEM板进行精确时间测量的研究[J].测绘通报,2003(5):9-12
[24] George Sithole, George Vosselman. Comparison of Filtering Algorithms, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology 2003(10)
[25] Paolo G. Digital surface models and building extraction: A comparison of IFSAR and LIDAR data. IEEE transactions on geosciences and remote sensing,2000,38(4):1959-1968
[26] Nzar ABOA. Automatic DTM extraction from Dense Raw LIDAR data in Urban Areas. In: FIG working week 2003 Paris[C],2003,France. April,13-17
[27] Automated building extraction and reconstruction from LIDAR data. http://icrest.missouri.edu.
[28] Baltsavias EP. Airborne Laser Scanning: Existing Systems and Firms and Other Resources. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1999
[29]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[30]张宏,温永宁.地理信息系统算法基础[M].科学出版社,2000
[31]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量[M].武汉测绘科技出版社,1996
[32]尤红建.激光三维遥感数据处理及建筑物重建[M].测绘出版社,2006
[33]李树楷.遥感时空信息集成技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2003
[34] Abdullatif Alharthy, James Bethel. Heuristic Filtering and 3D Feature Extraction from LIDAR data. ISPRS Commission III, Symposium 2002, Graz, Austria, 2002(9)
[35] C.L. Lawson. Generation of a triangular grid with applications to contour plotting Memo 299, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1972
[36] Franz Rottensteiner, Christian Briese.A New Method for Building Extraction in Urban Areas from High-Resolution LIDAR Data. ISPRS Commission III Symposium, Graz, Austria, 2002(9)
[37] Guo Tao, Yoshifumi Yasuoka. Combining high resolution satellite imagery and air borne laser scanning data for generating bare land and DEM in urban areas. International Workshop on Visualization and Animation Of Landscape, Kunming, China.2001
[38] http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lasformat/files
[39] http://www.g-einfo.com/case_road.aspx
[40] www.earthdata.com
[41] www.g-einfo.com
[42] www.itc.nl/personal/vosselman/
[43] www.optech.ca
[44] www.terrasolid.fi
[45] www.ytdrs.com.cn