基于边缘技术多普勒测风雷达的精度研究
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摘要
基于边缘技术的多普勒测风雷达在当今世界的地位日趋重要。风场测量精度是每一个雷达系统的重要技术参数。本课题重点研究边缘技术测速系统精度的提高,首先是基于实验室配合目标速度测量,最终目的是大气风场探测。本文从理论和实验两个方面展开研究,在现有实验条件下提高配合目标速度测量精度。结果表明该实验测速系统可运用于大气风场测量中。
理论主要包括2个方面:鉴频器件F-P标准具缺陷修正;新型分光棱镜设计。关于F-P标准具的经典透过率模型是基于平行平板多光束干涉理论,并没有考虑实际加工中存在的缺陷,通过将缺陷归结为高斯分布,进而从理论上得到修正的透过率表达式,与实验吻合较好。基于角度调谐的双边缘技术中,角度微小调节是难点,因此,本课题组研制了可以精确调整两束出射光夹角的新型分光棱镜,理论上可以将角度调节精度提高1~2个数量级。
实验主要包括6个方面:脉冲计数法测量配合目标转速;分光棱镜性能测试实验;种子注入单纵模稳频激光器Spitlight 1200稳定性测试;单边缘技术测量配合目标转速;双边缘技术测量配合目标转速;大气回波信号探测与EMD降噪处理。使用He-Ne激光器并利用脉冲计数原理准确测量配合目标转速,无论顺时针还是逆时针旋转,速度测量标准差均不超过0.08m/s。利用1064nm脉冲激光测试分光棱镜性能,表明在激光入射角17°附近,出射光夹角调整精度可以提高50倍。控制种子源发散角在1.9mrad、1.5mrad、1.3mrad 3种情况下测量其在F-P标准具上的透过特性,最后选择发散角1.5mrad测量种子源频率稳定性,测量结果表明种子源短期稳定度在5MHz左右,相当于1.77×10-8,有2%的测试点频率波动超过5MHz。单边缘速度测量在采用频率修正前测速精度为2.1m/s,修正后测速精度为1.9m/s。该工作区域内最大测速灵敏度0.34%/(m/s),灵敏度不低于0.3%/(m/s)时,测速动态范围±50m/s。双边缘速度测量正向最大偏差2.1m/s,负向最大偏差2.6m/s,双边缘探测最大灵敏度为0.46%/(m/s),比单边缘探测灵敏度提高了1.4倍,这对微弱信号探测更加有利,在灵敏度不低于0.42%/(m/s)时,测速动态范围±70m/s。探测了大气后向散射回波信号,不加放大器时,雷达回波信号探测距离为1.3km。通过雷达方程进行数值模拟,表明在200m之后,理论与实际吻合较好。并将回波信号通过EMD方法分解为10个IMF分量和一个余量,通过在重构信号中剔除高频分量实现雷达信号的降噪处理。
The Doppler wind lidar based on edge techniques becomes more and more important in the world at present. Wind measurement accuracy is the significant technique parameter of the wind lidar. The subject main focus on enhancing the accuracy of the velocity measurement system with edge techniques, the system is found on measuring the velocity of the cooperative target at the beginning, and it will be used in the course of masuring the wind velocity in the atmosphere at last. The research in the paper is main from theory and experiment, the aim is improving the accuracy of velocity measurement for the cooperative target in the laboratory. The results show that the system can be used in the atmospheric wind field measurement.
The theory research includes two aspects: The defect modification of frequency discriminator (F-P etalon); The design for a new kind of light-spliting prism. The classical transmission model of F-P etalon is found on multi-beam interference in the parallel plate, there is no consideration of the defect in the course of manufacture, through introducing the parameter of defect which follows Gaussian distribution, the modified expression of the transmittance has been produced after some theoretic illation, and it is accordance with the experiment results. The accurate adjustment of the two beams which enter into the F-P etalon is the difficulty in double edge based on angle-tuning. Therefore, a new kind of prism has been designed for the accurate adjustment of the two beams, and tuning accuracy can be increased 1~2 order of magnitude with this device.
The experiment research includes six aspects: Veracious velocity measurement of the cooperative target with pulse counting method; Performance testing for the new kind of prism; Stability testing for the seed injected laser Spitlight 1200; Velocity measurement of the cooperative target with single edge technique; Velocity measurement of the cooperative target with double edge technique; The detection of the atmospheric echo signal and the denoising with EMD. The He-Ne laser is used in measuring the velocity of the target with pulse counting method, the standard deviation of the measured velocity is no more than 0.08m/s no matter the target rotated deasil or widdershins. The perfoemane of the prism has been tested at the wavelength 1064nm, the result showed that the angle-tuning accuracy of the two emitted beams from the prism can be increased 50 times while the incidence angle is near to 17 degree. Measure the transmission of the F-P etalon while the divergence angle of the seed are under the following three value: 1.9mrad,1.5mrad and 1.3mrad,and choose 1.5mrad as the divergence angle of the testing condition, and the experiment results showed that the short-term stability of the seed is 5MHz, namely, it is 1.77×10-8 for the central wavelength. There are 2% of the total measured points whose frequency fluctuation exceed 5MHz. The accuracy of velocity with single edge technique is 2.1m/s before the frequency modification, and became 1.9m/s after the frequency modification. The maximal sensitivity in the working region is 0.34%/(m/s). The dynamic range of the measurable velocity is±50m/s while the sensitivity is no less than 0.3%/(m/s). The positive deviation of the velocity is 2.1m/s and the negative deviation is 2.6m/s with double edge technique. The sensitivity of double edge detection is 0.46%/(m/s), it is 1.4 times of the sensitivity with single edge detection, it is more advantaged in the detection of weak signals. The dynamic range of the measurable velocity is±70m/s while the sensitivity is no less than 0.42%/(m/s). The echo signal of the backscattering of the atmosphere has been detected. The detection distance of the echo signal is 1.3km without the amplifier. Simulation of the echo signal through the lidar equation indicated that the experiment data is consistent with the theoretic analysis while the distance is longer than 200m. The echo signal has been disassembled into ten IMFs and one residue through Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The lidar signal can be de-noised with the elimination of the high-frequency component.
理论主要包括2个方面:鉴频器件F-P标准具缺陷修正;新型分光棱镜设计。关于F-P标准具的经典透过率模型是基于平行平板多光束干涉理论,并没有考虑实际加工中存在的缺陷,通过将缺陷归结为高斯分布,进而从理论上得到修正的透过率表达式,与实验吻合较好。基于角度调谐的双边缘技术中,角度微小调节是难点,因此,本课题组研制了可以精确调整两束出射光夹角的新型分光棱镜,理论上可以将角度调节精度提高1~2个数量级。
实验主要包括6个方面:脉冲计数法测量配合目标转速;分光棱镜性能测试实验;种子注入单纵模稳频激光器Spitlight 1200稳定性测试;单边缘技术测量配合目标转速;双边缘技术测量配合目标转速;大气回波信号探测与EMD降噪处理。使用He-Ne激光器并利用脉冲计数原理准确测量配合目标转速,无论顺时针还是逆时针旋转,速度测量标准差均不超过0.08m/s。利用1064nm脉冲激光测试分光棱镜性能,表明在激光入射角17°附近,出射光夹角调整精度可以提高50倍。控制种子源发散角在1.9mrad、1.5mrad、1.3mrad 3种情况下测量其在F-P标准具上的透过特性,最后选择发散角1.5mrad测量种子源频率稳定性,测量结果表明种子源短期稳定度在5MHz左右,相当于1.77×10-8,有2%的测试点频率波动超过5MHz。单边缘速度测量在采用频率修正前测速精度为2.1m/s,修正后测速精度为1.9m/s。该工作区域内最大测速灵敏度0.34%/(m/s),灵敏度不低于0.3%/(m/s)时,测速动态范围±50m/s。双边缘速度测量正向最大偏差2.1m/s,负向最大偏差2.6m/s,双边缘探测最大灵敏度为0.46%/(m/s),比单边缘探测灵敏度提高了1.4倍,这对微弱信号探测更加有利,在灵敏度不低于0.42%/(m/s)时,测速动态范围±70m/s。探测了大气后向散射回波信号,不加放大器时,雷达回波信号探测距离为1.3km。通过雷达方程进行数值模拟,表明在200m之后,理论与实际吻合较好。并将回波信号通过EMD方法分解为10个IMF分量和一个余量,通过在重构信号中剔除高频分量实现雷达信号的降噪处理。
The Doppler wind lidar based on edge techniques becomes more and more important in the world at present. Wind measurement accuracy is the significant technique parameter of the wind lidar. The subject main focus on enhancing the accuracy of the velocity measurement system with edge techniques, the system is found on measuring the velocity of the cooperative target at the beginning, and it will be used in the course of masuring the wind velocity in the atmosphere at last. The research in the paper is main from theory and experiment, the aim is improving the accuracy of velocity measurement for the cooperative target in the laboratory. The results show that the system can be used in the atmospheric wind field measurement.
The theory research includes two aspects: The defect modification of frequency discriminator (F-P etalon); The design for a new kind of light-spliting prism. The classical transmission model of F-P etalon is found on multi-beam interference in the parallel plate, there is no consideration of the defect in the course of manufacture, through introducing the parameter of defect which follows Gaussian distribution, the modified expression of the transmittance has been produced after some theoretic illation, and it is accordance with the experiment results. The accurate adjustment of the two beams which enter into the F-P etalon is the difficulty in double edge based on angle-tuning. Therefore, a new kind of prism has been designed for the accurate adjustment of the two beams, and tuning accuracy can be increased 1~2 order of magnitude with this device.
The experiment research includes six aspects: Veracious velocity measurement of the cooperative target with pulse counting method; Performance testing for the new kind of prism; Stability testing for the seed injected laser Spitlight 1200; Velocity measurement of the cooperative target with single edge technique; Velocity measurement of the cooperative target with double edge technique; The detection of the atmospheric echo signal and the denoising with EMD. The He-Ne laser is used in measuring the velocity of the target with pulse counting method, the standard deviation of the measured velocity is no more than 0.08m/s no matter the target rotated deasil or widdershins. The perfoemane of the prism has been tested at the wavelength 1064nm, the result showed that the angle-tuning accuracy of the two emitted beams from the prism can be increased 50 times while the incidence angle is near to 17 degree. Measure the transmission of the F-P etalon while the divergence angle of the seed are under the following three value: 1.9mrad,1.5mrad and 1.3mrad,and choose 1.5mrad as the divergence angle of the testing condition, and the experiment results showed that the short-term stability of the seed is 5MHz, namely, it is 1.77×10-8 for the central wavelength. There are 2% of the total measured points whose frequency fluctuation exceed 5MHz. The accuracy of velocity with single edge technique is 2.1m/s before the frequency modification, and became 1.9m/s after the frequency modification. The maximal sensitivity in the working region is 0.34%/(m/s). The dynamic range of the measurable velocity is±50m/s while the sensitivity is no less than 0.3%/(m/s). The positive deviation of the velocity is 2.1m/s and the negative deviation is 2.6m/s with double edge technique. The sensitivity of double edge detection is 0.46%/(m/s), it is 1.4 times of the sensitivity with single edge detection, it is more advantaged in the detection of weak signals. The dynamic range of the measurable velocity is±70m/s while the sensitivity is no less than 0.42%/(m/s). The echo signal of the backscattering of the atmosphere has been detected. The detection distance of the echo signal is 1.3km without the amplifier. Simulation of the echo signal through the lidar equation indicated that the experiment data is consistent with the theoretic analysis while the distance is longer than 200m. The echo signal has been disassembled into ten IMFs and one residue through Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The lidar signal can be de-noised with the elimination of the high-frequency component.
引文
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