通用公文流转系统模型分析设计
摘要
本文分析了公文流转系统的特点、重要性和与其它信息系统的不同之处,讨论了现有一些占主导地位的公文流转系统的特点,找出了它们的不足之处。并根据公文流转业务的特点和这些公文流转系统存在的问题,提出了开发一个通用的公文流转系统的方法,就是采用“抽象”和“组合”的方法,对公文流转流程进行抽象,抽象出环节、流向、角色和授权等“要素”,形成图形化的“组件”。使用前,用户只需根据本单位的公文流转业务的需要,对这些图形化的“组件”进行合理的组合和配置,就能形成各自己单位的公文流转系统。这样,一方面,任何单位的公文流转系统都可以通过这些要素的合理组合和配置来实现,使公文流转系统脱离了具体的业务需求,达到了通用的目的,满足了灵活多变的公文流转需要。另一方面,由于用户可以对公文流转流系统进行配置,特别是对流程的配置,消除了公文类别、人员变动、办公习惯等因素对公文流转系统的影响。需要说明的是,开发一个通用的公文流转系统是一项非常复杂且庞大的系统工程,需要整个团队投入大量的时间和精力,靠一个人的努力是远远不够的。正因如此,本文主要是采用面向对象的方法和原理,对公文流转系统进行分析,找出一个让公文流转系统具备通用性的可操作的方法,并利用当今面向对象技术领域占主导地位的建模技术(UML)和建模工具(Rational Rose)建立一个通用公文流转系统的模型,并结合贵州大学的实际情况探讨了该模型的一个实现,而没有进行应用程序的编制等工作。从软件工程的角度讲,本文主要涉及到软件开发过程中的系统规划、系统分析和系统设计这三个阶段的工作,并没有涉及系统的编码实现和运行维护这两个阶段的工作。
This paper made a discussion on the characteristics, significances and the differences of the document flow system from other information systems. It also discussed the characteristics and defects of some document flow systems which holding a lead in the market now, then, carried out a method building a general document flow system according to the characteristics of the document flow business and the problem existed in those document flow systems. That was adopting the method of "abstract" and "compose", abstracting the "key elements" such as link, flow direction, role and authorization from the document flow process in departments. Forming all kinds of graphical "components". Users should carry out rational combination and allocation on these graphic "components" according to the necessary to build the document flow systems for themselves before using. The benefit such doing had two aspects. On the one hand, the document flow system for any department would come true with rational combination and allocation using those graphical "components".It broken away from concrete business needs, achieved the universally purpose, satisfied the flexible and changeful needs of document flow. On the other hand, because of the configure to the document flow system especially to the document flow processes made by users. It took away the impacts on the document flow system such as the document category, people change, and the work habit. It should be noted that the development of a document flow system is a very large and complex system engineering. the whole team would put in a lot of time and energy. a person's effort was far from sufficient. For this reason, this article only used object-oriented methods and principles of the document flow system, to find a general operational method to make the system with General features and a general document flow system model was established based on UML(Unified Modeling Language) and Rational Rose 2003,which was the dominating modeling technology and tools holding a lead in the today's object-oriented fields. At last, the document flow system model with GuiZhou University's reality had come true, but not involved programming. From the perspective of software engineering, this paper described the three phase of the software development:system planning, system analysis and system design, did not involved the remaining two phases of Software development: programming running and maintenance of the system.
This paper made a discussion on the characteristics, significances and the differences of the document flow system from other information systems. It also discussed the characteristics and defects of some document flow systems which holding a lead in the market now, then, carried out a method building a general document flow system according to the characteristics of the document flow business and the problem existed in those document flow systems. That was adopting the method of "abstract" and "compose", abstracting the "key elements" such as link, flow direction, role and authorization from the document flow process in departments. Forming all kinds of graphical "components". Users should carry out rational combination and allocation on these graphic "components" according to the necessary to build the document flow systems for themselves before using. The benefit such doing had two aspects. On the one hand, the document flow system for any department would come true with rational combination and allocation using those graphical "components".It broken away from concrete business needs, achieved the universally purpose, satisfied the flexible and changeful needs of document flow. On the other hand, because of the configure to the document flow system especially to the document flow processes made by users. It took away the impacts on the document flow system such as the document category, people change, and the work habit. It should be noted that the development of a document flow system is a very large and complex system engineering. the whole team would put in a lot of time and energy. a person's effort was far from sufficient. For this reason, this article only used object-oriented methods and principles of the document flow system, to find a general operational method to make the system with General features and a general document flow system model was established based on UML(Unified Modeling Language) and Rational Rose 2003,which was the dominating modeling technology and tools holding a lead in the today's object-oriented fields. At last, the document flow system model with GuiZhou University's reality had come true, but not involved programming. From the perspective of software engineering, this paper described the three phase of the software development:system planning, system analysis and system design, did not involved the remaining two phases of Software development: programming running and maintenance of the system.
引文
[1]国刚,周锋,孙更新.UML与RationalRose2003软件工程统一建模原理与实践教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
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[3](美)Ivar ●Jacobson,Grady ●Booch,James ●Rumbaugh著.The Unified Software Development Process周伯生冯学民樊东平译.统一软件开发过程[M].机械工业出版社,2002.
[4]Josehp Schmuller:Sams Teach Youself UML in 24 Hours[M],Third Edition Copyright(?)2004 by Sams Publishing.
[5]Peter Coad,Edward Yourdon.Object-Oriented Analysis[M],Second Edition, Yourdon Press,1991.
[6]符于江.程序设计中结构化方法和面向对象方法的比较[J].电脑知识与技术2008(4).
[7]汪明艳等.RATIONALROSE和UML在人力资源管理系统建模中的研究应用[J].计算机应用与软件2006(1)：136-138.
[8]高利军等.UML的一个应用软件建模实例[J].微处理机2006(1)：54-56.
[9]任丽芳等.办公自动化系统中公文流转模型研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报2004(1)：40-43.
[10]吕宜洪等.大型应用系统用户权限构成分析及访问控制策略研究[J].小型微型计算机系统2004(2)：195-197.
[11]陈少鹏.电子签名的应用与问题[J].信息安全与通信保密2004(11)：64-65.
[12]李新.基于关系型数据库的公文工作流系统[J].计算机工程与设计2004(7).
[13]陈伟鹤.基于任务和角色的双重Web访问控制模型[J].计算机研究与发展2004(9).
[14]张卫兵..基于Petri网公文流转工作流模型的设计[J].计算机工程2004(1).
[15]宋涛.基于Lotus Domino/Notes的会签机制的实现[J].信息与电子工程2003(6).
[16]高克勤.电子政务的核心[J].软件世界2003(4).
[17]张立春等.UML活动图支持的工件流建模分析[J].计算机应用2003(5).
[18]李忠.工作流技术在公文流转电子化处理中的应用[J].信息化建设2003(12)：26-27.
[19]苏静等.公文流转系统中工作流分析及其数据库实现[J].华中科技大学学报2003(10)：139.
[20]张凌云.小型办公自动化系统的设计与实现——公文流转模块的具体实现[J].内蒙古科技与经济2002(12).
[21]王延勇.基于BS数据库模式的公文流转系统[J].产品应用2002(12).
[22]刘传平等.在Lotus Notes中实现痕迹跟踪的方法[J].计算机应用2002(6).
[23]王军鹏等.基于UML的关系数据库模型设计现代计算机2001(1).
[24]姜朋慧等.工作流系统中路由图构造问题[J].北方交通大学学报2000(12)：89-90.
[25]郝方贵等.基于RDB的公文流转系统[J].计算机应用研究2000(12).
[26]谢波等.公文流转中复杂工作流程的通用设计[J].计算机工程与应用2000(11).
[27]陈新中.OA系统实现痕迹跟踪的方法[J].计算机系统应用1999(1)：33-34.
[28]王斌.基于NOTES的OA系统公文流转中几个关键问题及解决方法[J].信息工程学院学报1998(12).
[29]张雪英.基于UML的信息系统分析与设计[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[30]马野.基于Web的图档信息管理系统的研究与开发[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[31]郑荣茂.基于UML的公共资产管理系统设计[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[32]王燕玲.基于UML工商管理信息系统的分析和研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[33]邹新斌.图书馆管理信息系统研发[D].云南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]邓甜甜.基于UML的合同管理系统的研究与应用[D].中山大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[35]蒋华林.高校图书馆管理信息系统的设计与实现[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[2]李虎等.UML基础、案例与运用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.
[3](美)Ivar ●Jacobson,Grady ●Booch,James ●Rumbaugh著.The Unified Software Development Process周伯生冯学民樊东平译.统一软件开发过程[M].机械工业出版社,2002.
[4]Josehp Schmuller:Sams Teach Youself UML in 24 Hours[M],Third Edition Copyright(?)2004 by Sams Publishing.
[5]Peter Coad,Edward Yourdon.Object-Oriented Analysis[M],Second Edition, Yourdon Press,1991.
[6]符于江.程序设计中结构化方法和面向对象方法的比较[J].电脑知识与技术2008(4).
[7]汪明艳等.RATIONALROSE和UML在人力资源管理系统建模中的研究应用[J].计算机应用与软件2006(1)：136-138.
[8]高利军等.UML的一个应用软件建模实例[J].微处理机2006(1)：54-56.
[9]任丽芳等.办公自动化系统中公文流转模型研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报2004(1)：40-43.
[10]吕宜洪等.大型应用系统用户权限构成分析及访问控制策略研究[J].小型微型计算机系统2004(2)：195-197.
[11]陈少鹏.电子签名的应用与问题[J].信息安全与通信保密2004(11)：64-65.
[12]李新.基于关系型数据库的公文工作流系统[J].计算机工程与设计2004(7).
[13]陈伟鹤.基于任务和角色的双重Web访问控制模型[J].计算机研究与发展2004(9).
[14]张卫兵..基于Petri网公文流转工作流模型的设计[J].计算机工程2004(1).
[15]宋涛.基于Lotus Domino/Notes的会签机制的实现[J].信息与电子工程2003(6).
[16]高克勤.电子政务的核心[J].软件世界2003(4).
[17]张立春等.UML活动图支持的工件流建模分析[J].计算机应用2003(5).
[18]李忠.工作流技术在公文流转电子化处理中的应用[J].信息化建设2003(12)：26-27.
[19]苏静等.公文流转系统中工作流分析及其数据库实现[J].华中科技大学学报2003(10)：139.
[20]张凌云.小型办公自动化系统的设计与实现——公文流转模块的具体实现[J].内蒙古科技与经济2002(12).
[21]王延勇.基于BS数据库模式的公文流转系统[J].产品应用2002(12).
[22]刘传平等.在Lotus Notes中实现痕迹跟踪的方法[J].计算机应用2002(6).
[23]王军鹏等.基于UML的关系数据库模型设计现代计算机2001(1).
[24]姜朋慧等.工作流系统中路由图构造问题[J].北方交通大学学报2000(12)：89-90.
[25]郝方贵等.基于RDB的公文流转系统[J].计算机应用研究2000(12).
[26]谢波等.公文流转中复杂工作流程的通用设计[J].计算机工程与应用2000(11).
[27]陈新中.OA系统实现痕迹跟踪的方法[J].计算机系统应用1999(1)：33-34.
[28]王斌.基于NOTES的OA系统公文流转中几个关键问题及解决方法[J].信息工程学院学报1998(12).
[29]张雪英.基于UML的信息系统分析与设计[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[30]马野.基于Web的图档信息管理系统的研究与开发[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[31]郑荣茂.基于UML的公共资产管理系统设计[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[32]王燕玲.基于UML工商管理信息系统的分析和研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[33]邹新斌.图书馆管理信息系统研发[D].云南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]邓甜甜.基于UML的合同管理系统的研究与应用[D].中山大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[35]蒋华林.高校图书馆管理信息系统的设计与实现[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2003.