La_（1.6-x）Nd_（0.4）Sr_xCuO_4单晶的输运性质和磁通动力学研究
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摘要
电荷有序是包括高温超导体在内的掺杂Mott绝缘体中的一个普遍存在的现象。在很多高温超导体中,中子散射等实验发现了电荷条纹相的证据。在这种电荷有序模型中,电荷自发汇聚成一位条纹,并在这些电子河流中运动而不影响反铁磁背景。电子条纹相造成了高温超导体面内电荷、自旋以及超导电性的周期性调制,对高温超导体的物理性质起了很大的影响。
在本论文中,我们研究了静态条纹相体系La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4中条纹相对体系超导电性和各向异性的影响,以及条纹与磁通的相互作用,对条纹相体系的磁通动力学行为进行了分析。另外,我们还研究了基于La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4的异质p-n结的Ⅳ特性,研究了超导电性对结的Ⅳ特性的影响。本论文内容共分为五章,各章的主要内容概括如下:
第一章内容主要是高温超导体中条纹相的研究进展,介绍了条纹相的物理图像以及支持条纹相的各种实验证据,讨论了对条纹与超导电性的关系,阐述了条纹对高温超导体电输运行为以及磁结构的影响。
第二章中我们介绍了光学浮熔区法的单晶生长,和生长温度、气氛等对单晶生长稳定性和晶体质量的影响。我们发现空气气氛有利于单晶的稳定生长,在一定范围内升高生长温度可以有利于单晶的择优取向,但是也会增加晶体中的缺陷。通过以上发现我们优化工艺制备了高品质的La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4和La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶。
第三章研究了La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶ab面内和c轴方向电阻的超导转变曲线的行为展宽,分析了静态条纹相对超导电性的影响以及各向异性参数、相干长度等物理量随着条纹序强度的变化。我们发现静态条纹相使得c轴超导转变起始温度要明显高于ab面内超导转变起始温度,并增大了体系的各向异性。
第四章研究了La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶c轴磁电阻对ab面内磁场角度的依赖关系。我们发现在超导转变过程中c轴电阻随面内磁场的角度表现出一个四重对称的各向异性。结合对静态条纹相体系磁结构的分析,我们证明了这种电阻的各向异性行为是由于静态条纹对磁通的钉扎导致磁通运动的各向异性造成的。这个结果提供了条纹钉扎磁通的重要实验证据,并且从电输运研究方面印证了条纹相模型。
第五章研究了La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4与Nb掺杂的SrTiO_3组成的异质p-n结的Ⅳ特性。我们发现结表现出与传统半导体p-n结类似的整流特性。在La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4超导转变后,结的Ⅳ曲线上出现了对应的变化,并表现出奇异的磁阻行为。正向开启电压在超导转变后会出现一个明显的下降,通过对其起源和温度、磁场依赖行为的分析,我们认为这个下降值△V_d对应于LSCO中的超导能隙。这提供了一种研究高温超导体能隙的新方法。
It has been proposed that the charge inhomogeneity is an intrinsic phenomenon to the doped antiferromagnets like cuprate superconductors. Evidences for charge stripe in a lot of high temperature superconductors have been given by neutron scattering experiments. In the model of stripe phase, the doped charges aggregate into stripes, and move in these "charge rivers" without disturbing the underlying antiferromagnetic CuO_2 planes. The stripe phase induces modulation of charge, spin and superconductivity in the CuO_2 planes, and plays an important role in the properties of high temperature superconductors.
In this dissertation, the effect of stripe phase on superconductivity and anisotropy, the interaction between the stripe and the vortex and the vortex dynamics in static stripe system were studied systematically studied through resistivity study in La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystals under magnetic fields. The IV Characteristics of La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 based heterojunction and the effect of superconductivity on the IV Characteristics were also studied.
This dissertation consists of five chapters. The arrangement of the chapters and the main contents in each chapter are presented as follows:
In chapter 1, the progresses of the studies on the stripe phase in high temperature superconductors were reviewed. The picture and experimental evidences of the stripe phase were given. The relation between stripe and superconductivity and the effect of stripe on transport behavior of magnetic structure of cuprate superconductors were discussed.
In chapter 2, the crystal growth method by optical floating-zone single crystal furnace was introduced, and the influence of growth atmosphere and temperature on the quality of the La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 and La_(1.6-x)xNd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystal was studied. It was found that atmosphere of air is beneficial to the stable growth of the crystals while raising temperature in a certain range is beneficial to the quality of the crystals. According to these findings, we improve the growth method and successfully grew high quality crystals of La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 and La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4.
In chapter 3, the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities of La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystals were studied under magnetic fields up to 8 T. It was found that the superconducting transition temperature (T_c~(onset))in the out-of-plane resistivity is higher than that of the in-plane one. The study of the upper critical field shows that both the anisotropy parameter and in-plane coherence length increase with the enhancement of static stripe order.
In chapter 4, the c-axis resistivity of LNSCO single crystals under the in-plane magnetic fields was studied. A fourfold symmetry is found in the c-axis magnetoresistance upon rotating the magnetic field within the ab-plane, which originates from the stripe phase induced anisotropic flux pinning. The magnitude of the anisotropy in magnetoresistance shows a strongly doping as well as field dependence. It implies that the anisotropy of the pinning effect of the stripe depends both on the superconductivity and the stripe structure. Our study gives an experimental evidence for the pinning of vortex by the stripe, and can be treated as evidence for the stripe model from resistivity measurement.
In chapter 5, the IV characteristics of heterojunction composed of La_(1.84)Sr_(0.16)CuO_4 and 1.0 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO_3 were systematically studied. It was found that the superconducting transition of LSCO leads to significant changes in the IV characteristics of junction. The obvious deviation of diffusion voltage from its original track indicates the opening of the superconducting gap, and△V_d as functions of temperature and magnetic filed show the same behaviors as the superconducting gap. This might give an easy and effective means to dip into the energy gap of LSCO.
在本论文中,我们研究了静态条纹相体系La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4中条纹相对体系超导电性和各向异性的影响,以及条纹与磁通的相互作用,对条纹相体系的磁通动力学行为进行了分析。另外,我们还研究了基于La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4的异质p-n结的Ⅳ特性,研究了超导电性对结的Ⅳ特性的影响。本论文内容共分为五章,各章的主要内容概括如下:
第一章内容主要是高温超导体中条纹相的研究进展,介绍了条纹相的物理图像以及支持条纹相的各种实验证据,讨论了对条纹与超导电性的关系,阐述了条纹对高温超导体电输运行为以及磁结构的影响。
第二章中我们介绍了光学浮熔区法的单晶生长,和生长温度、气氛等对单晶生长稳定性和晶体质量的影响。我们发现空气气氛有利于单晶的稳定生长,在一定范围内升高生长温度可以有利于单晶的择优取向,但是也会增加晶体中的缺陷。通过以上发现我们优化工艺制备了高品质的La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4和La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶。
第三章研究了La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶ab面内和c轴方向电阻的超导转变曲线的行为展宽,分析了静态条纹相对超导电性的影响以及各向异性参数、相干长度等物理量随着条纹序强度的变化。我们发现静态条纹相使得c轴超导转变起始温度要明显高于ab面内超导转变起始温度,并增大了体系的各向异性。
第四章研究了La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4单晶c轴磁电阻对ab面内磁场角度的依赖关系。我们发现在超导转变过程中c轴电阻随面内磁场的角度表现出一个四重对称的各向异性。结合对静态条纹相体系磁结构的分析,我们证明了这种电阻的各向异性行为是由于静态条纹对磁通的钉扎导致磁通运动的各向异性造成的。这个结果提供了条纹钉扎磁通的重要实验证据,并且从电输运研究方面印证了条纹相模型。
第五章研究了La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4与Nb掺杂的SrTiO_3组成的异质p-n结的Ⅳ特性。我们发现结表现出与传统半导体p-n结类似的整流特性。在La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4超导转变后,结的Ⅳ曲线上出现了对应的变化,并表现出奇异的磁阻行为。正向开启电压在超导转变后会出现一个明显的下降,通过对其起源和温度、磁场依赖行为的分析,我们认为这个下降值△V_d对应于LSCO中的超导能隙。这提供了一种研究高温超导体能隙的新方法。
It has been proposed that the charge inhomogeneity is an intrinsic phenomenon to the doped antiferromagnets like cuprate superconductors. Evidences for charge stripe in a lot of high temperature superconductors have been given by neutron scattering experiments. In the model of stripe phase, the doped charges aggregate into stripes, and move in these "charge rivers" without disturbing the underlying antiferromagnetic CuO_2 planes. The stripe phase induces modulation of charge, spin and superconductivity in the CuO_2 planes, and plays an important role in the properties of high temperature superconductors.
In this dissertation, the effect of stripe phase on superconductivity and anisotropy, the interaction between the stripe and the vortex and the vortex dynamics in static stripe system were studied systematically studied through resistivity study in La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystals under magnetic fields. The IV Characteristics of La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 based heterojunction and the effect of superconductivity on the IV Characteristics were also studied.
This dissertation consists of five chapters. The arrangement of the chapters and the main contents in each chapter are presented as follows:
In chapter 1, the progresses of the studies on the stripe phase in high temperature superconductors were reviewed. The picture and experimental evidences of the stripe phase were given. The relation between stripe and superconductivity and the effect of stripe on transport behavior of magnetic structure of cuprate superconductors were discussed.
In chapter 2, the crystal growth method by optical floating-zone single crystal furnace was introduced, and the influence of growth atmosphere and temperature on the quality of the La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 and La_(1.6-x)xNd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystal was studied. It was found that atmosphere of air is beneficial to the stable growth of the crystals while raising temperature in a certain range is beneficial to the quality of the crystals. According to these findings, we improve the growth method and successfully grew high quality crystals of La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4 and La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4.
In chapter 3, the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities of La_(1.6-x)Nd_(0.4)Sr_xCuO_4 single crystals were studied under magnetic fields up to 8 T. It was found that the superconducting transition temperature (T_c~(onset))in the out-of-plane resistivity is higher than that of the in-plane one. The study of the upper critical field shows that both the anisotropy parameter and in-plane coherence length increase with the enhancement of static stripe order.
In chapter 4, the c-axis resistivity of LNSCO single crystals under the in-plane magnetic fields was studied. A fourfold symmetry is found in the c-axis magnetoresistance upon rotating the magnetic field within the ab-plane, which originates from the stripe phase induced anisotropic flux pinning. The magnitude of the anisotropy in magnetoresistance shows a strongly doping as well as field dependence. It implies that the anisotropy of the pinning effect of the stripe depends both on the superconductivity and the stripe structure. Our study gives an experimental evidence for the pinning of vortex by the stripe, and can be treated as evidence for the stripe model from resistivity measurement.
In chapter 5, the IV characteristics of heterojunction composed of La_(1.84)Sr_(0.16)CuO_4 and 1.0 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO_3 were systematically studied. It was found that the superconducting transition of LSCO leads to significant changes in the IV characteristics of junction. The obvious deviation of diffusion voltage from its original track indicates the opening of the superconducting gap, and△V_d as functions of temperature and magnetic filed show the same behaviors as the superconducting gap. This might give an easy and effective means to dip into the energy gap of LSCO.
引文
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