新疆高寒地区桥梁混凝土耐久性研究
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摘要
新疆地理位置特殊,全疆大部分区域属于典型的高寒区,自然环境极为恶劣,对公路桥梁提出了更高要求。高寒地区冬季降雪量大,为了公路交通运输的安全,通常在路面上撒除冰盐,降低积雪冰点,提高路面抗滑性。但桥梁和路缘石等道路构造物混凝土却因此而遭受盐水侵蚀和冻融破坏,这种盐冻耦合的破坏力度远大于普通冻融破坏,致使新疆诸多桥梁出现了耐久性破坏,严重威胁人民生命财产安全。本文针对新疆高寒地区桥梁混凝土工作环境,依托果子沟特大桥工程,系统开展高寒地区桥梁混凝土耐久性研究,旨在提高该区桥梁混凝土抵抗冻融、腐蚀以及碳化等耐久性,研究成果不仅用于新疆高寒地区,也可向全国其他高寒地区推广。
本研究首先就新疆地区桥梁混凝土病害进行了大量实地调研,分析了各种典型病害产生的原因,为该地区桥梁混凝土进行耐久性设计分区提供了有力的数据支持；针对依托工程果子沟特大桥海拔高、冬季降雪量大、风大降温快等特点,明确了大桥不同结构部位混凝土的工作环境、腐蚀环境和耐久性等级；结合该区桥梁混凝土耐久性破坏特点与机理,优选了当地用于桥梁混凝土的原材料,设计了以正交试验为主、对比试验为辅的试验研究方案,就桥梁主塔、桥面板、桥墩以及大体积承台等关键结构部位的混凝土进行了系统的耐久性优化设计；重点对高寒地区桥梁不同结构部位的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性、抗盐冻性和抗碳化性能进行试验研究,基于大量室内试验数据分析,揭示了配合比设计参数对桥梁不同结构部位混凝土耐久性能的影响规律；通过相关性分析,建立了桥梁各部位混凝土氯离子抗渗、抗盐冻、抗碳化能力之间的相互关系。
综合理论分析及试验数据,提出了新疆不同地区桥梁混凝土的耐久性设计控制指标,以及桥梁不同结构部位耐久性混凝土的材料组成建议值。通过全寿命周期费用分析,发现高寒地区耐久性混凝土具有明显的经济优势,极具推广应用价值。
Because of the special geographical position, most parts of Xinjiang is a typical high-cold region and has a nasty natural environment,then we need higher requirements for roads and bridges. For transport safety consideration, they usually spreading de-icing salt on the road as a result of the large snowfall in high-cold region, reduce the freezing point of snow and improve pavement skid resistance. But the bridge and curbstone and other concrete structures are subjected to salt water corrosion and therefore freeze-thaw damage, the destruction of this salt-cold coupling strength is much larger than normal freeze-thaw damage, and causing a lot of bridges in Xinjiang durability damage occurred, that's a serious threat to people's lives property.This studing carried out durability of concrete bridges in high-cold regions in allusion to the bridge concrete environment and rely on Guozigou Bridge project.Aimed at improving the resistance to freeze-thaw,corrosion and carbonation.The results not only for the high-cold regions of Xinjiang,but also other cold areas.
In this studying, we had a large number of field disease investigation about concrete bridge in Xinjiang and analysised of various typical causes disease, and provided a strong geographical data to support the durability design division; because of the large winter snowfall,high altitude,wind speed and fast drop temperature in the support projects,we have a clear thinking about working environment,corrosive environment and the durability rating on different structural parts of concrete bridge. Combined with the characteristics and mechanism of damage about durability of concrete bridges in this area, selection of local raw materials for the concrete bridge, designed the orthogonal contrast test and comparative test to do this studying, and had a optimal design for durabilitythe in main tower, deck, piers and large volume cap on the bridge. The studying focused on resistance to chloride ion penetration, salt-cold coupling and anti-carbonation in different parts of the concrete bridge structure in high-cold region. Based on the date analysis and laboratory tests, the studying revealed the influencd law of mix design parameters for the durability of concrete bridges in different parts structure. Established a ralatedness between chloride ion penetration, salt-cold coupling and anti-carbonation through the correlation analysis.
Synthesize the theoretical analysis and experimental data, presented the durability of concrete bridge design control indicators in different location of Xinjiang, and the composition of the recommended value for durability of concrete bridges in different parts. Through the life-cycle cost analysis and found that the durability of concrete in high-cold region has obvious economic advantages, with the great application and popularization.
本研究首先就新疆地区桥梁混凝土病害进行了大量实地调研,分析了各种典型病害产生的原因,为该地区桥梁混凝土进行耐久性设计分区提供了有力的数据支持；针对依托工程果子沟特大桥海拔高、冬季降雪量大、风大降温快等特点,明确了大桥不同结构部位混凝土的工作环境、腐蚀环境和耐久性等级；结合该区桥梁混凝土耐久性破坏特点与机理,优选了当地用于桥梁混凝土的原材料,设计了以正交试验为主、对比试验为辅的试验研究方案,就桥梁主塔、桥面板、桥墩以及大体积承台等关键结构部位的混凝土进行了系统的耐久性优化设计；重点对高寒地区桥梁不同结构部位的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性、抗盐冻性和抗碳化性能进行试验研究,基于大量室内试验数据分析,揭示了配合比设计参数对桥梁不同结构部位混凝土耐久性能的影响规律；通过相关性分析,建立了桥梁各部位混凝土氯离子抗渗、抗盐冻、抗碳化能力之间的相互关系。
综合理论分析及试验数据,提出了新疆不同地区桥梁混凝土的耐久性设计控制指标,以及桥梁不同结构部位耐久性混凝土的材料组成建议值。通过全寿命周期费用分析,发现高寒地区耐久性混凝土具有明显的经济优势,极具推广应用价值。
Because of the special geographical position, most parts of Xinjiang is a typical high-cold region and has a nasty natural environment,then we need higher requirements for roads and bridges. For transport safety consideration, they usually spreading de-icing salt on the road as a result of the large snowfall in high-cold region, reduce the freezing point of snow and improve pavement skid resistance. But the bridge and curbstone and other concrete structures are subjected to salt water corrosion and therefore freeze-thaw damage, the destruction of this salt-cold coupling strength is much larger than normal freeze-thaw damage, and causing a lot of bridges in Xinjiang durability damage occurred, that's a serious threat to people's lives property.This studing carried out durability of concrete bridges in high-cold regions in allusion to the bridge concrete environment and rely on Guozigou Bridge project.Aimed at improving the resistance to freeze-thaw,corrosion and carbonation.The results not only for the high-cold regions of Xinjiang,but also other cold areas.
In this studying, we had a large number of field disease investigation about concrete bridge in Xinjiang and analysised of various typical causes disease, and provided a strong geographical data to support the durability design division; because of the large winter snowfall,high altitude,wind speed and fast drop temperature in the support projects,we have a clear thinking about working environment,corrosive environment and the durability rating on different structural parts of concrete bridge. Combined with the characteristics and mechanism of damage about durability of concrete bridges in this area, selection of local raw materials for the concrete bridge, designed the orthogonal contrast test and comparative test to do this studying, and had a optimal design for durabilitythe in main tower, deck, piers and large volume cap on the bridge. The studying focused on resistance to chloride ion penetration, salt-cold coupling and anti-carbonation in different parts of the concrete bridge structure in high-cold region. Based on the date analysis and laboratory tests, the studying revealed the influencd law of mix design parameters for the durability of concrete bridges in different parts structure. Established a ralatedness between chloride ion penetration, salt-cold coupling and anti-carbonation through the correlation analysis.
Synthesize the theoretical analysis and experimental data, presented the durability of concrete bridge design control indicators in different location of Xinjiang, and the composition of the recommended value for durability of concrete bridges in different parts. Through the life-cycle cost analysis and found that the durability of concrete in high-cold region has obvious economic advantages, with the great application and popularization.
引文
[1]新疆交通建设管理局,长安大学.高寒地区桥梁混凝土耐久性研究[R],西安：长安大学2010
[2]洪乃丰.混凝土中钢筋腐蚀与结构物的耐久性[C].第五届全国混凝土耐久性学术交流会论文集.2000.(9)：81-85.
[3]邸小云等.我国混凝土结构的耐久性与安全问题[Z].工程科技论坛.北京,2001.11,260-265.
[4]L.Dunaszegi. "HPC for Durability of Confede-ration Bridge". HPC Bridge Views, 1995(05).
[5]文邦伟.美国国防部挑战腐蚀的新政策[Z].美国军事网.2005年5月.
[6]洪定海.大掺量矿渣微粉高性能混凝土应用范例[J].建筑材料学报.1998.1.
[7]Proposed Recommendation on Durability Design for Concrete Structure, JSCE, Concrete Library of JSCE, No.14, March 1990.
[8]王新友,李宗津.混凝土使用寿命预测的研究进展[J].建筑材料学报.1999,(03)：249-256.
[9]王复生,孙瑞莲,秦小鹃.察尔汗盐湖条件下水泥混凝土耐久性调查研究[J].硅酸盐通报.2002(4)：16-22.
[10]甘新平,张国志,屠柳青等.桥梁混凝土长寿命健康使用关键技术研究报告[R].中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院.2002.5.
[11]吴胜东,孙伟,缪昌文等.润扬长江公路大桥结构混凝土的耐久性与寿命预测项目报告[R].江苏省科技厅.2004.4.
[12]石人俊.青藏铁路混凝土建筑物耐久性及技术对策[J].铁道建筑技术.2001,(06)：51-55.
[13]张浪涛,丁耀国.高寒多年冻土区耐久性混凝土技术浅析[J].桥梁建设.2005，(06)：75-78.
[14]中国土木工程学会标准.混凝土结构耐久性设计与施工指南[S].CCES 01-2004.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准.硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥[S].GB 175-1999.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑用卵石、碎石[S].GB/T 14685-2001.
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准.粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规范[S].GBJ 146-90.
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土外加剂[S].GB8076-1997.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准.混凝土泵送技术规程[Sj.JGJT 10-95.
[20]冯乃谦.混凝土与混凝土结构的耐久性[M].机械工业出版社.2009.1.
[21]申爱琴,熊建平.道路水泥混凝土耐久性设计研究[D].道路混凝土组成设计研究.2008.6.
[22]刘数华等.粉煤灰对混凝土抗渗性能的影响[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2004.5.
[23]杨全兵.混凝盐冻剥蚀破坏评定参数的研究[J].低温建筑技术.2005.5.
[24]谭维祖.混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀试验方法的研究[J].公路交通科技.2000.4.
[25]程云虹.粉煤灰混凝土抗冻性能试验研究[J].低温建筑技术.2008.1.
[26]王修田等.含气量对混凝土抗冻性能与抗渗性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品.2004.12.
[27]牛荻涛.混凝土结构耐久性与寿命预测[M].科学出版社.2003.2.
[28]白柯等.浅析混凝土碳化机理及其影响因素[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2008.2.
[29]乐建元.粉煤灰混凝土碳化深度预测模型[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2008.12.
[30]池永,姜国华.混凝土碳化的影响因素及应对措施[J].山西建筑.2009.3.
[31]Parrot L J. A study of carbonation-induced corrosion[J]. M.C.R,1994.46:23-28.
[32]杜晋军等.粉煤灰混凝土的碳化研究[J].粉煤灰.2005.6.
[33]单旭辉.高性能混凝土试验研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[34]陈道晋.风对混凝土碳化速度影响的研究[D].同济大学硕士论文.2006.3.
[35]尚琛煦.郑州大学.基于钢筋锈蚀的混凝土结构耐久性评估[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2007.04.18
[36]王剑.新疆公路水泥混凝土小型构造物早期破损与防治技术研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2008.05
[37]刘建刚.一般大气环境多因素作用混凝土中性化性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学博士学位论文.2008.11
[2]洪乃丰.混凝土中钢筋腐蚀与结构物的耐久性[C].第五届全国混凝土耐久性学术交流会论文集.2000.(9)：81-85.
[3]邸小云等.我国混凝土结构的耐久性与安全问题[Z].工程科技论坛.北京,2001.11,260-265.
[4]L.Dunaszegi. "HPC for Durability of Confede-ration Bridge". HPC Bridge Views, 1995(05).
[5]文邦伟.美国国防部挑战腐蚀的新政策[Z].美国军事网.2005年5月.
[6]洪定海.大掺量矿渣微粉高性能混凝土应用范例[J].建筑材料学报.1998.1.
[7]Proposed Recommendation on Durability Design for Concrete Structure, JSCE, Concrete Library of JSCE, No.14, March 1990.
[8]王新友,李宗津.混凝土使用寿命预测的研究进展[J].建筑材料学报.1999,(03)：249-256.
[9]王复生,孙瑞莲,秦小鹃.察尔汗盐湖条件下水泥混凝土耐久性调查研究[J].硅酸盐通报.2002(4)：16-22.
[10]甘新平,张国志,屠柳青等.桥梁混凝土长寿命健康使用关键技术研究报告[R].中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院.2002.5.
[11]吴胜东,孙伟,缪昌文等.润扬长江公路大桥结构混凝土的耐久性与寿命预测项目报告[R].江苏省科技厅.2004.4.
[12]石人俊.青藏铁路混凝土建筑物耐久性及技术对策[J].铁道建筑技术.2001,(06)：51-55.
[13]张浪涛,丁耀国.高寒多年冻土区耐久性混凝土技术浅析[J].桥梁建设.2005，(06)：75-78.
[14]中国土木工程学会标准.混凝土结构耐久性设计与施工指南[S].CCES 01-2004.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准.硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥[S].GB 175-1999.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑用卵石、碎石[S].GB/T 14685-2001.
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准.粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规范[S].GBJ 146-90.
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土外加剂[S].GB8076-1997.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准.混凝土泵送技术规程[Sj.JGJT 10-95.
[20]冯乃谦.混凝土与混凝土结构的耐久性[M].机械工业出版社.2009.1.
[21]申爱琴,熊建平.道路水泥混凝土耐久性设计研究[D].道路混凝土组成设计研究.2008.6.
[22]刘数华等.粉煤灰对混凝土抗渗性能的影响[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2004.5.
[23]杨全兵.混凝盐冻剥蚀破坏评定参数的研究[J].低温建筑技术.2005.5.
[24]谭维祖.混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀试验方法的研究[J].公路交通科技.2000.4.
[25]程云虹.粉煤灰混凝土抗冻性能试验研究[J].低温建筑技术.2008.1.
[26]王修田等.含气量对混凝土抗冻性能与抗渗性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品.2004.12.
[27]牛荻涛.混凝土结构耐久性与寿命预测[M].科学出版社.2003.2.
[28]白柯等.浅析混凝土碳化机理及其影响因素[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2008.2.
[29]乐建元.粉煤灰混凝土碳化深度预测模型[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2008.12.
[30]池永,姜国华.混凝土碳化的影响因素及应对措施[J].山西建筑.2009.3.
[31]Parrot L J. A study of carbonation-induced corrosion[J]. M.C.R,1994.46:23-28.
[32]杜晋军等.粉煤灰混凝土的碳化研究[J].粉煤灰.2005.6.
[33]单旭辉.高性能混凝土试验研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[34]陈道晋.风对混凝土碳化速度影响的研究[D].同济大学硕士论文.2006.3.
[35]尚琛煦.郑州大学.基于钢筋锈蚀的混凝土结构耐久性评估[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2007.04.18
[36]王剑.新疆公路水泥混凝土小型构造物早期破损与防治技术研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2008.05
[37]刘建刚.一般大气环境多因素作用混凝土中性化性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学博士学位论文.2008.11