分局调度系统列车运行调整优化模型与算法
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摘要
铁路行车调度指挥自动化系统是铁路运输管理现代化的重大课题之一，主要包括以下两个方面：计算机控制的调度集中CTC(Centralized Traffic Control)系统和列车运行调整计划的计算机辅助决策CAD(Computer Assistant Decision)系统，前者是行车调度指挥自动化的基础，后者是手段。列车运行调整就是当列车运行的实际状态偏离基本列车运行图时，通过自动调整编制3～4小时列车运行阶段计划尽快恢复，以保证线路通过能力和提高列车正点率。
本文研究了分局调度管理信息系统中列车运行调整计划的优化编制问题，主要工作有：
1．分析列车运行调整系统的各个环节及调整的主要问题，并对列车运行调整工作流程和数据流程进行分析。
2．以列车晚点率最小为最优目标，构建列车运行调整计划的优化模型。该模型较好地体现了列车运行调整计划、车站到发线利用以及列车交会方式的协调与配合，建立了单双线列车运行调整计划编制的优化模型。
3．鉴于列车运行调整计划的优化问题是一类大规模组合优化问题，属于NP—Hard问题。而问题的实际运输背景决定了解决此类问题的算法必须具有很高的实时性，再加上影响列车运行的因素众多，很难用传统的数学规划方法来求解我们建立的数学规划模型。本文根据人工编制列车运行调整计划的步骤，提出了采用禁忌搜索算法搜索列车的优化铺画顺序的方法，较好地解决了单双线列车运行调整计划的优化问题。
4．提出了区间线路和到发线占用表模型，该模型不仅对单双线适用，同时适用于三线及多线铁路。该模型易于用采用链表数据结构来表示，便于在编制计算机程序时满足列车运行调整计划的各项约束条件，同时将车站到发线利用与列车运行调整计划有机结合在一起。
5．使用面向对象的系统分析和设计方法对列车运行自动调整涉及的对象进行了分析和涉及，并给出了其具体属性及各对象之间的关系，使得程序具有很好的扩展性和重用性。
6．开发了分局调度管理信息系统行调子系统的列车运行自动调整的程序模块，目前该系统已经在京广线沿线的石家庄分局、广州铁路集团公司及京沪线上部分调度所投入实际运营，进一步通过实践证实了模型及算法是可靠有效的。
Railway Auto-Control System (RACS) is one of most important problem of modern railway traffic management, it consists of two parts, computer centralized traffic control system and computer assistant decision system of train operation adjustment, the former is the foundation of Railway Auto-Control System, the latter is the means of RACS. Train operation adjustment is resume trains' order by adjusting the stage plan when the actual situation of trains running isn't accord with the train diagram. Then increase the carrying capacity of railways and assure most of trains running on schedule.
In this paper the problems of automatically adjusting the stage plan in Sub-bureau Dispatch Management Information System are studied from the viewpoint combinatorial optimization. The main contexts are as follows:
1. Analyzed the factors and difficulties in train operation adjustment system, drew work flow diagram and data flow diagram of train operation adjustment.
2. Aiming at decreasing the specific gravity of tardy trains, and a mathematical model on single-track and double-track is set up under the constraints of the station arrival-depart track capacity and adjustment of the trains crossing or overtake mode.
3.Since adjusting the stage plan is a large scale of combinatorial optimization problem, is one kind of NP-hard problems. The background of the problems decides that algorithm to the problems must output the result in rather short time. There are so many factors influence trains running that it is difficult to solve the problems by means of traditional mathematical programming. In this paper, based on the dispatchers' work experience on stage plan, we use tabu-search algorithm to search the best order of deal with the running trains, solve the problems of optimization stage plan adjustment on single-track and double-track.
Line and arrival-depart track impropriate table model on single-track, double-track or multi-track is set up. The model is implemented by the data structure of linked list, so it is convenient to program under all kinds of constraint condition, in the same time combine the constraints of the station arrival-depart track capacity with stage plan.
5.Object-Oriented Analysis and Object-Oriented Design is used to design Trains Automatic Adjustment System, and the relationships between objects and the attributes of objects make the system
expansible and reusable.
6. The automatically adjusting module in train dispatch subsystem is developed, the system is putted in practice in Shijiazhuang Sub-bureau and Guangzhou Bureau along Beijing-Guangzhou railway
line and Beijing-Shanghai railway. The practise prove the model and algorithm in this paper is correct.
本文研究了分局调度管理信息系统中列车运行调整计划的优化编制问题，主要工作有：
1．分析列车运行调整系统的各个环节及调整的主要问题，并对列车运行调整工作流程和数据流程进行分析。
2．以列车晚点率最小为最优目标，构建列车运行调整计划的优化模型。该模型较好地体现了列车运行调整计划、车站到发线利用以及列车交会方式的协调与配合，建立了单双线列车运行调整计划编制的优化模型。
3．鉴于列车运行调整计划的优化问题是一类大规模组合优化问题，属于NP—Hard问题。而问题的实际运输背景决定了解决此类问题的算法必须具有很高的实时性，再加上影响列车运行的因素众多，很难用传统的数学规划方法来求解我们建立的数学规划模型。本文根据人工编制列车运行调整计划的步骤，提出了采用禁忌搜索算法搜索列车的优化铺画顺序的方法，较好地解决了单双线列车运行调整计划的优化问题。
4．提出了区间线路和到发线占用表模型，该模型不仅对单双线适用，同时适用于三线及多线铁路。该模型易于用采用链表数据结构来表示，便于在编制计算机程序时满足列车运行调整计划的各项约束条件，同时将车站到发线利用与列车运行调整计划有机结合在一起。
5．使用面向对象的系统分析和设计方法对列车运行自动调整涉及的对象进行了分析和涉及，并给出了其具体属性及各对象之间的关系，使得程序具有很好的扩展性和重用性。
6．开发了分局调度管理信息系统行调子系统的列车运行自动调整的程序模块，目前该系统已经在京广线沿线的石家庄分局、广州铁路集团公司及京沪线上部分调度所投入实际运营，进一步通过实践证实了模型及算法是可靠有效的。
Railway Auto-Control System (RACS) is one of most important problem of modern railway traffic management, it consists of two parts, computer centralized traffic control system and computer assistant decision system of train operation adjustment, the former is the foundation of Railway Auto-Control System, the latter is the means of RACS. Train operation adjustment is resume trains' order by adjusting the stage plan when the actual situation of trains running isn't accord with the train diagram. Then increase the carrying capacity of railways and assure most of trains running on schedule.
In this paper the problems of automatically adjusting the stage plan in Sub-bureau Dispatch Management Information System are studied from the viewpoint combinatorial optimization. The main contexts are as follows:
1. Analyzed the factors and difficulties in train operation adjustment system, drew work flow diagram and data flow diagram of train operation adjustment.
2. Aiming at decreasing the specific gravity of tardy trains, and a mathematical model on single-track and double-track is set up under the constraints of the station arrival-depart track capacity and adjustment of the trains crossing or overtake mode.
3.Since adjusting the stage plan is a large scale of combinatorial optimization problem, is one kind of NP-hard problems. The background of the problems decides that algorithm to the problems must output the result in rather short time. There are so many factors influence trains running that it is difficult to solve the problems by means of traditional mathematical programming. In this paper, based on the dispatchers' work experience on stage plan, we use tabu-search algorithm to search the best order of deal with the running trains, solve the problems of optimization stage plan adjustment on single-track and double-track.
Line and arrival-depart track impropriate table model on single-track, double-track or multi-track is set up. The model is implemented by the data structure of linked list, so it is convenient to program under all kinds of constraint condition, in the same time combine the constraints of the station arrival-depart track capacity with stage plan.
5.Object-Oriented Analysis and Object-Oriented Design is used to design Trains Automatic Adjustment System, and the relationships between objects and the attributes of objects make the system
expansible and reusable.
6. The automatically adjusting module in train dispatch subsystem is developed, the system is putted in practice in Shijiazhuang Sub-bureau and Guangzhou Bureau along Beijing-Guangzhou railway
line and Beijing-Shanghai railway. The practise prove the model and algorithm in this paper is correct.
引文
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[5]周磊山、秦作睿．列车运行计划与调整的通用算法及其计算机实现．铁道学报．1994，No．3
[6]B.Szpigel. OPTIMAL TRAIN SCHEDULING ON A SINGLE TRACK RAILWY. OR' 72, North-Holland Publishing Company(1973)
[7]程宇、孔庆铃．列车运行调整专家系统的研究．铁道学报．1992年，No．2
[8].Michael A. P. Taylor. Knowledge-based Systems for Transport Network Analysis:A fifth Generation Perspective on Transport Network Problems.Transportation Reasearch Vol.24A(1990), No. 1:3-14.
[9].Malachy Carey. Extending a Train Pathing Model from One-way to Two-way Track. Transportation Reasearch Vol.28B(1994),No. 5:395-400.
[10].Stephen G. Ritchie. A Knowledge-based Decision Support Architecture for Advanced Traffic Management. Transportation Reasearch Vol.24A(1990),No.1:27-37.
[11].Teodor Gabriel Crainic,Michael Florian, Jose-Eugenio Leal. A Model for The Strategic Planning of National Freight Transportation by Rail. Transportation Science.Vol.24(1990), No. 1:1-9.
[12]. Hanif D. Sherali, Arief B. Suharko. A Tactical Decision Support System for Empty Railcar Management. Transportation Science. Vol.32(1998),No.4:306-317.
[13].Carl D. Martland, Sue Mcneil, Dharma Acharya, Rabi Mishalani, James Eshelby. Application of Expert Systems in Railroad Maintenance: Scheduling Rail Relays. Transportation Reasearch Vol.24A(1990), No. 1:39-52.
[14].Maurizio Bielli, Giorgio Ambrosino, Marco Boero, Marco Mastretta.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Urban Traffic Control. Transportation Reasearch Vol.25A(1991), No.5:319-325.
[15]程宇、孔庆铃．用计算机编制列车运行调整计划的研究．铁道学报．1992，No．2
[16].Harry N. Newton, Cynthia Barnhart, Pamela H. Vance. Constructing Railroad Blocking Plans to Minimize Handling Costs. Transportation Science.Vol.32(1998),No.4:330-338.
[17]Peng Qiyuan, Ju Tingying, Chen Shizhong. Study on Making Train Diagram with Computer on Beijing-Shanghai Double-Track Railway Line. E.U.. China Conference on ITS and Transport Telematics, BeiJing, 1997. China Railway Pres., 1998: 346-353.
[18]周磊山．计算机快速处理铁路列车运行图的新方法．铁路运输与经济．1992，No．1
[19]郭富娥．利用计算机编制旅客列车运行方案．铁道学报．1993，No．2
[20]李致中、孙焰．单线区段货物列车运行图的一种优化方法．铁道学报．1991，No．1
[21].Ismail Sabin, Railway Traffic Control and Train Scheduling Based on Inter-train Conflict Management. Transportation Reasearch Part B 33(1999):511-534
[22]崔险波、闫海峰．列车运行调整辅助决策系统设计．西南交通大学学报 2002，No．5
[23]彭其渊．网络列车运行图模型算法研究及系统设计．西南交通大学博士学位论文．1998年3月
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