饮用水生物毒性分析及控制技术研究
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摘要
随着人类对自然与社会认知能力的不断提高,饮用水水质的概念和内涵也日益丰富。我国供水行业目前所面临的突出问题是水质问题,一方面水源普遍受到污染,另一方面水质需求标准不断提高。国家已高度重视饮用水水质安全,水质的生物综合毒性更是直接关系到人们的身体健康。
本文应用发光细菌生物综合毒性(Microtox)检测方法对Q市饮用水源进行了详细的分析,进行了水体毒性分析与评价,实现水体生物毒性快速准确的检测。
通过对Q市饮用水源的详细分析,充分掌握A市饮用水的生物综合毒性;毒性物质浓度与生物综合毒性的相关性研究;同时建立Q市饮用水毒性基线,量化毒性水平,起到突发性或破坏性的水源污染事件的早期预警作用。
The conception and content of drinking water quality are increasingly abundant along with the continuous improved cognition on nature and society. The research focuses on the initial microbial contamination to the following chemical, physical & biological contaminations and its multi-angle composite pollution. Meantime its concern varies from the water purification process removing conventional pollutants to the applications of advanced treatment process aimed at removing persistent toxic pollutants of low concentration.
The water quality is the prominent problem in China's water supply industry. On the one hand the water sources are widely polluted and on the other hand the required water quality standards continue to increase. China has paid high attention to drinking water safety since the water quality, especially the bio-integrated toxicity is directly related to people's health.
There are many ways of toxicity testing , we screening out the suitable for Q city of drinking water by classics experiment test . And according to the results of accuracy and precision experiments, experimental of this method achieves precision and accuracy requirements of experiments, the method is accurate and reliable. There is close correlation between the toxicity test EC50 value and animal experiments
In this paper, a detailed water quality analysis of City Q drinking water source was performed by means of the luminescent bacteria comprehensive toxicity detection method (Microtox). The analysis and evaluation of water toxicity were carried out and a rapid & accurate detection of water toxicity was realized simultaneously.
Reference to the standards of United States, Canada, Germany and other countries, according to the results of water quality analysis of our long-term monitoring to the drinking water of city Q and The influence of human body .we develop compositive toxicity grade evaluation standard of the drinking water of city Q . non-toxic of water have less than 20% in the standard.
There are three waterworks in city Q , respectively waterwork A、waterwork B、waterwork C. In this survey,sampling time for 2010.1~10. Covers three different water seasons. In one water season each point sampling 30 times at least, take average. According to the detailed analysis of drinking water, the comprehensive biological toxicity and a correlational research on the toxic substance concentrations and comprehensive biological toxicity are fully grasped. At the same time drinking water toxicity baseline of City Q is set to quantify the level of toxicity, which could play a role as early warning alarm when an emergent or destructive water pollution event of drinking water source takes place.
On the basis of above experiments ,conduct biotoxicity control technology and safety assessment technical research of drinking water.
study on the influence of coagulant dosage effects to biotoxicity, select Composite aluminum and PAC in the test. no matter what kind of coagulant selection ,the rate of light inhibition is less than 20%. The data show the influence of coagulant dosing to the drinking water a is little;
According to turbidity of clear water after coagulation-flocculatio. define the best dosage of Composite aluminum and PAC is 40.0 mg/L.the rate of light inhibition of the sample Increased slightly after per-oxidation with permanganate,but less than the limit. the dosing of Clo2 less than1.0mg/L, the rate of light inhibition decreased obviously,less than 20%。activated carbon adsorption have better effect on reduce biotoxicity; Finally, define the best dosing of various agents in the test state.
本文应用发光细菌生物综合毒性(Microtox)检测方法对Q市饮用水源进行了详细的分析,进行了水体毒性分析与评价,实现水体生物毒性快速准确的检测。
通过对Q市饮用水源的详细分析,充分掌握A市饮用水的生物综合毒性;毒性物质浓度与生物综合毒性的相关性研究;同时建立Q市饮用水毒性基线,量化毒性水平,起到突发性或破坏性的水源污染事件的早期预警作用。
The conception and content of drinking water quality are increasingly abundant along with the continuous improved cognition on nature and society. The research focuses on the initial microbial contamination to the following chemical, physical & biological contaminations and its multi-angle composite pollution. Meantime its concern varies from the water purification process removing conventional pollutants to the applications of advanced treatment process aimed at removing persistent toxic pollutants of low concentration.
The water quality is the prominent problem in China's water supply industry. On the one hand the water sources are widely polluted and on the other hand the required water quality standards continue to increase. China has paid high attention to drinking water safety since the water quality, especially the bio-integrated toxicity is directly related to people's health.
There are many ways of toxicity testing , we screening out the suitable for Q city of drinking water by classics experiment test . And according to the results of accuracy and precision experiments, experimental of this method achieves precision and accuracy requirements of experiments, the method is accurate and reliable. There is close correlation between the toxicity test EC50 value and animal experiments
In this paper, a detailed water quality analysis of City Q drinking water source was performed by means of the luminescent bacteria comprehensive toxicity detection method (Microtox). The analysis and evaluation of water toxicity were carried out and a rapid & accurate detection of water toxicity was realized simultaneously.
Reference to the standards of United States, Canada, Germany and other countries, according to the results of water quality analysis of our long-term monitoring to the drinking water of city Q and The influence of human body .we develop compositive toxicity grade evaluation standard of the drinking water of city Q . non-toxic of water have less than 20% in the standard.
There are three waterworks in city Q , respectively waterwork A、waterwork B、waterwork C. In this survey,sampling time for 2010.1~10. Covers three different water seasons. In one water season each point sampling 30 times at least, take average. According to the detailed analysis of drinking water, the comprehensive biological toxicity and a correlational research on the toxic substance concentrations and comprehensive biological toxicity are fully grasped. At the same time drinking water toxicity baseline of City Q is set to quantify the level of toxicity, which could play a role as early warning alarm when an emergent or destructive water pollution event of drinking water source takes place.
On the basis of above experiments ,conduct biotoxicity control technology and safety assessment technical research of drinking water.
study on the influence of coagulant dosage effects to biotoxicity, select Composite aluminum and PAC in the test. no matter what kind of coagulant selection ,the rate of light inhibition is less than 20%. The data show the influence of coagulant dosing to the drinking water a is little;
According to turbidity of clear water after coagulation-flocculatio. define the best dosage of Composite aluminum and PAC is 40.0 mg/L.the rate of light inhibition of the sample Increased slightly after per-oxidation with permanganate,but less than the limit. the dosing of Clo2 less than1.0mg/L, the rate of light inhibition decreased obviously,less than 20%。activated carbon adsorption have better effect on reduce biotoxicity; Finally, define the best dosing of various agents in the test state.
引文
[1]杨鲁豫,王琳,王宝贞.我国水资源污染治理的技术策略.给水排水. 2001 27 (1):94-101.
[2]谢红霞,胡勤海,突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统发展探讨[J ].环境污染与防治.2004(1):64-69.
[3]张勇,徐启新,杨凯,张羽,城市水源地突发性水污染事件研究述评[J ].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006(12):1-4.
[4]王东宇,张勇, 2006年中国城市饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析[J ].安全与环境学报,2007,7(6)150-155.
[5]李生才,王亚军,黄平,2005年11-12月国内环境事件数据[J ].安全与环境学报,2006,6(4):138-140.
[6]胡晓镭,孙国敏,黄俊,饮用水源地水质应急监测技术探析[J ].华北水利水电学院学报,2009,30(1):96-98.
[7]师忠东.突发性环境污染事故应急监测体系的建立[J].山西化工, 2006,26(6): 62-64.
[8]石秋池.从美国“9·11”之后为保护饮用水水源地所做的工作看我国饮用水水源地应急保护中的问题[J].水资源保护, 2003, 19(5): 50-52.
[9]杨敏,曲久辉,水源污染与饮用水安全[J].环境保护,2007,381(19):62-65
[10]蔡继红,吴敬波.液氯意外泄漏的应急监测[J].污染防治技术,2005,18(6): 57-60.
[11]史平,侯定远.水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱测定[J].环境科学与技术, 1999,22(1): 43-45.
[12]王丽莎,魏东斌,胡洪营,发光细菌毒性测试条件的优化与毒性参照物的应用[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(4):61-63
[13]陈杰,王侠,李继耀,马超良,王冰,何玉馨,沈阳市生活饮用水微生物污染分析[J].职业与健康,2004,20(5):84-85.
[14]张金丽,郑天凌.SS6菌对菲的降解和发光菌对菲及其降解产物毒性的反应[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2004,9(3):193-200.
[15]冯春艳,鞠玉娟,王红,李伟,梁梅春,大庆林源地下水有机浓集物Ames试验结果[J].环境与健康,2009,25(13):1399-1400
[16]郑天凌,王斐,陈进才.发光细菌监测沿岸水质应用研究[J].福建环境,1997,1:9-33. [29]刘波,金建玲,张辉,高培基,Ames测试不确定性分析[J].应用与环境生物学报2007,13(5):726-730.
[17]马勇,黄燕,贾玉玲,于海燕,蔡强,王昂,陈鸣渊,发光细菌急性毒性测试方法的优化研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(11):48-52
[18]赵洋甬,胡建林,邵立军,发光菌毒性测试的影响因子研究[J].现代科学仪器,2010(3):75-77.
[19] Kwan K K,Dutka B J,Rao S S,et al.Mutatox test:a newtest for monitoring environmental genotoxic agants[J].Environmental pollution,1990,65:323-332.
[20]郁建桥,钟声,徐亮,DeltaTox毒性仪简介及其在环境污染事件中的应用[J].生命科学仪器,2009,7(8):49-50.
[21]城市供水行业2010年技术进步发展规划及2020年远景目标.中国建筑工业出版社,2005:6-7
[22]翁维满,王莉莉,毒性综合监测系统检测应急供水的实例分析[J ].广西科学院学报,2010,26(3):360。
[23]张金丽,袁建军,郑天凌,席峰,Microtox技术检测多环芳烃生物毒性的研究[J ].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):68。
[24]王宾香,王慧,郑天凌,Microtox技术在印染废水污染监测中的应用研究[J].厦门大学学报,2008,47(6):869-872.
[25]黄正,王家玲.发光细菌的生理特征及其在环境监测中的应用[J].环境科学,1995,16(3):87-90.
[26]来永斌,孙晓怡,卜宁,阎家鹏,贾轶然,徐轶,工业废水生物综合毒性监测与评价[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,2007,27(2):50-55
[27]乔鸿泽,周德智,王怀权.发光细菌法评价工业废水的毒性[J].环境检测管理与技术,1996,8(3):20-22.
[28]张金丽,郑天凌.利用发光菌评价多环芳烃的生物毒性[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2004,9(4):294-299.
[29]赵华清,殷浩文,陈晓倩,等.发光细菌法检测环境污染中的基因毒性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(6):577-580.
[30]张俊强,,魏建军,张杨,王玉环,Microtox毒性检测系统与给水水质预警[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(16):79-80.
[31] D5660–96 Standard Test Method forAssessing the Microbial Detoxification of ChemicallyContaminated Water and Soil Using a Toxicity Test with aLuminescent Marine Bacterium
[32] DIN 38412-24-1981 German Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water, Waste Water and Sludge; Bio-assays (Group L); Determination of Biodegradability by Use of Special Methods of Analysis (L 24)
[2]谢红霞,胡勤海,突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统发展探讨[J ].环境污染与防治.2004(1):64-69.
[3]张勇,徐启新,杨凯,张羽,城市水源地突发性水污染事件研究述评[J ].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006(12):1-4.
[4]王东宇,张勇, 2006年中国城市饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析[J ].安全与环境学报,2007,7(6)150-155.
[5]李生才,王亚军,黄平,2005年11-12月国内环境事件数据[J ].安全与环境学报,2006,6(4):138-140.
[6]胡晓镭,孙国敏,黄俊,饮用水源地水质应急监测技术探析[J ].华北水利水电学院学报,2009,30(1):96-98.
[7]师忠东.突发性环境污染事故应急监测体系的建立[J].山西化工, 2006,26(6): 62-64.
[8]石秋池.从美国“9·11”之后为保护饮用水水源地所做的工作看我国饮用水水源地应急保护中的问题[J].水资源保护, 2003, 19(5): 50-52.
[9]杨敏,曲久辉,水源污染与饮用水安全[J].环境保护,2007,381(19):62-65
[10]蔡继红,吴敬波.液氯意外泄漏的应急监测[J].污染防治技术,2005,18(6): 57-60.
[11]史平,侯定远.水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱测定[J].环境科学与技术, 1999,22(1): 43-45.
[12]王丽莎,魏东斌,胡洪营,发光细菌毒性测试条件的优化与毒性参照物的应用[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(4):61-63
[13]陈杰,王侠,李继耀,马超良,王冰,何玉馨,沈阳市生活饮用水微生物污染分析[J].职业与健康,2004,20(5):84-85.
[14]张金丽,郑天凌.SS6菌对菲的降解和发光菌对菲及其降解产物毒性的反应[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2004,9(3):193-200.
[15]冯春艳,鞠玉娟,王红,李伟,梁梅春,大庆林源地下水有机浓集物Ames试验结果[J].环境与健康,2009,25(13):1399-1400
[16]郑天凌,王斐,陈进才.发光细菌监测沿岸水质应用研究[J].福建环境,1997,1:9-33. [29]刘波,金建玲,张辉,高培基,Ames测试不确定性分析[J].应用与环境生物学报2007,13(5):726-730.
[17]马勇,黄燕,贾玉玲,于海燕,蔡强,王昂,陈鸣渊,发光细菌急性毒性测试方法的优化研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(11):48-52
[18]赵洋甬,胡建林,邵立军,发光菌毒性测试的影响因子研究[J].现代科学仪器,2010(3):75-77.
[19] Kwan K K,Dutka B J,Rao S S,et al.Mutatox test:a newtest for monitoring environmental genotoxic agants[J].Environmental pollution,1990,65:323-332.
[20]郁建桥,钟声,徐亮,DeltaTox毒性仪简介及其在环境污染事件中的应用[J].生命科学仪器,2009,7(8):49-50.
[21]城市供水行业2010年技术进步发展规划及2020年远景目标.中国建筑工业出版社,2005:6-7
[22]翁维满,王莉莉,毒性综合监测系统检测应急供水的实例分析[J ].广西科学院学报,2010,26(3):360。
[23]张金丽,袁建军,郑天凌,席峰,Microtox技术检测多环芳烃生物毒性的研究[J ].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):68。
[24]王宾香,王慧,郑天凌,Microtox技术在印染废水污染监测中的应用研究[J].厦门大学学报,2008,47(6):869-872.
[25]黄正,王家玲.发光细菌的生理特征及其在环境监测中的应用[J].环境科学,1995,16(3):87-90.
[26]来永斌,孙晓怡,卜宁,阎家鹏,贾轶然,徐轶,工业废水生物综合毒性监测与评价[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,2007,27(2):50-55
[27]乔鸿泽,周德智,王怀权.发光细菌法评价工业废水的毒性[J].环境检测管理与技术,1996,8(3):20-22.
[28]张金丽,郑天凌.利用发光菌评价多环芳烃的生物毒性[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版,2004,9(4):294-299.
[29]赵华清,殷浩文,陈晓倩,等.发光细菌法检测环境污染中的基因毒性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(6):577-580.
[30]张俊强,,魏建军,张杨,王玉环,Microtox毒性检测系统与给水水质预警[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(16):79-80.
[31] D5660–96 Standard Test Method forAssessing the Microbial Detoxification of ChemicallyContaminated Water and Soil Using a Toxicity Test with aLuminescent Marine Bacterium
[32] DIN 38412-24-1981 German Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water, Waste Water and Sludge; Bio-assays (Group L); Determination of Biodegradability by Use of Special Methods of Analysis (L 24)