早期丰富环境诱导中枢听觉功能可塑性的细胞分子机制
|
摘要
出生后脑的结构和功能经历一个不断发育、成熟过程,环境、经验在脑的发育和可塑性中扮演重要角色。生后早期经验-依赖发育可塑性是感觉神经系统研究的重要领域。特别是丰富环境诱导脑可塑性引起人们的关注,它不仅具有重要理论意义,且被认为有广泛、潜在的应用前景。本论文以生后早期丰富环境暴露动物为模型,采用声源-方位分辨行为,在体和离体脑片细胞外记录以及分子生物学等技术,在行为、突触传递、细胞和分子的不同水平上,研究了生后早期丰富环境暴露对大鼠听觉功能发育可塑性的影响,及其可能的细胞分子机制。
论文主要包括以下三个部分：
一、早期丰富环境暴露增强大鼠听空间方位分辨行为和听皮层神经元听空间敏感性
实验在12只生后早期丰富环境暴露动物(EE动物)和11只正常环境饲养的对照动物(CON动物)上进行。自大鼠出生后第7天(P7),将其置于丰富环境(enriched environment, EE)中饲养,直至成年(P56),之后,分别进行行为学和电生理学实验。对照动物为正常环境饲养的同龄大鼠。声源-方位分辨(sound-azimuth discrimination)行为测试结果显示,经过丰富环境暴露的动物,听空间敏感性(auditory spatial sensitivity)较对照动物明显提高。在完成声源-方位分辨作业中表现为,正确率(percent correct)提高,反应时(reaction time)缩短,水平方位角度分辨偏差(azimuth deviation)减小。电生理学实验结果显示,初级听皮层神经元频率调谐曲线(frequency tuning curve)和水平方位选择性曲线(azimuth selective curve)明显锐化,神经元的听空间感受野(auditory spatial receptive field)明显缩小。我们推测,生后发育关键期内,丰富环境暴露促进了神经回路的发育、成熟,显著地提高了听皮层神经元的听空间敏感性。这一效应的产生很可能是通过调节相关兴奋性和抑制性神经回路的发育平衡实现的。
二、早期丰富环境暴露增强大鼠听空间敏感性的细胞分子机制
实验采用分子生物学蛋白免疫印迹(western blotting)技术和离体脑片记录方法,研究了早期丰富环境暴露诱导大鼠听空间敏感性增强的细胞分子机制。免疫印迹检测结果表明,生后早期丰富环境暴露,可明显上调听皮层NMDA受体NR1、NR2A、NR2B亚单位和AMPA受体GluR2亚单位蛋白质的表达；抑制性GABAA受体α1、β3亚单位表达；NR2A/NR2B以及GABAΛα1/α3表达比值显著提高。中脑下丘的检测结果显示,NR1、NR2A、NR2B、GluR2、GABAΛα1和GABAAβ3的表达也都明显上调,呈现与听皮层相一致的表达变化趋势。离体脑片LTP记录结果显示,早期丰富环境暴露,明显提高了刺激白质(white matter, WM)所诱导的听皮层Ⅱ/Ⅲ层(layersⅡ/Ⅲ) LTP幅度,在相同浓度的NMDA受体拮抗剂APV (D-2-amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid)和AMPA受体拮抗剂DNQX (6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione)作用下,EE动物LTP被抑制的幅度明显小于CON组和PE组动物。以上结果表明,生后早期丰富环境暴露可显著地上调听皮层兴奋性和抑制性受体亚单位的表达,提高突触传递的效率。提示丰富环境可能是通过影响听觉中枢兴奋性和抑制性信息传递系统发育的平衡,实现对听觉功能可塑性调控的。
三、早期丰富环境暴露诱导听觉功能可塑性的保持
幼年动物在生后第7天(P7)开始饲养于丰富环境中,成年后(P56)再返回到正常环境中饲养,至115天龄(P115)左右,分别进行行为学和电生理学和分子生物学实验。结果显示：1.在声源-方位分辨作业中,与同龄对照动物相比,EE动物完成作业的正确率(percent correct)高,反应时(reaction time)和方位分辨偏差(azimuth deviation)小；2.听皮层神经元频率调谐曲线(frequency tuning curve)和水平方位选择性曲线(azimuth selective curve)明显锐化,水平方位调谐深度(azimuth tuning depth)增加,听空间感受野(auditory spatial receptive field)缩小；3.听皮层抑制性GABAA受体α1、β3亚单位,GABAΛα1/GABAΛα3表达比值显著增加；兴奋性NMDA受体NR1、NR2A、NR2B和AMPA受体GluR2亚单位蛋白的表达量均有不同程度的上调。结果提示,听觉中枢兴奋性NMDA受体、AMPA受体和GABAA受体亚单位表达调控参与了早期丰富环境诱导的大鼠听空间敏感性增强效应的保持。
脑功能发育可塑性及其细胞分子机制研究是神经科学重要的研究领域,它不仅对最终揭示脑发育和可塑性的奥秘有重要理论意义,而且,可能为有效矫治、修复脑感觉功能障碍、研发改善、治疗感觉功能障碍疾病的新策略和手段提供神经生物学实验依据,具有现实的指导意义和积极的应用前景。
Enriched environment (EE) has an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain, while the early experience-dependent plasticity during the critical period is a major research field for sensory system. These two highly fruitful fields, namely, sensory-cortical plasticity and EE, are combined together in a novel attempt to investigate the effects of the EE-induced plasticity. The present study used rats as animal model to find out the underlying mechanism of how early EE exposure influenced the functional plasticity of central auditory system, through behavior, electro-physiological and molecular biological methods.
This dissertation includes three parts as follow:
1. Enriched environment-induced auditory spatial sensitivity of the rat
Rats were raised in enriched environment from postnatal day 7 to day 56, the EE condition was renew in several days to keep novelty. We used 12 EE rat and 11 CON rats for the study. By testing behavioral tasks via auditory cues, we have shown that EE improved the number of correct scores, but decreased the reaction time and azimuth deviation in behavioral performance of sound-azimuth discrimination. By in vivo extracellular recording, we have shown that EE enhanced the directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. For example, EE rats had a smaller spatial receptive field, sharper frequency tuning curve and directional selective curve of auditory neurons compared with normal rats. Our findings indicate that early exposure to EE increases directional sensitivity. These results provide an insight into developmental plasticity in the auditory system.
2. Molecular mechanism of improved spatial sensitivity of the rat by early EE exposure
By western blotting and brain slice recording, we investigate the expression level changes of several cortical developmental related receptors and amplitude changes of the long-term potentiation between the EE, CON and PE rats. We found that early EE exposure significantly increased the expression level of NMDA receptor subunits, NR1, NR2A and NR2B; AMPA receptor subunit GluR2; GABAA receptor subunits, α1 andβ3 of the auditory cortex. In addition, the ratios between NR2A and NR2B, GABAAα1 and GABAAα3 were also increased. The expression changes tendency in the inferior colliculus was almost the same with the auditory cortex, that is, significant increases were found in NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GluR2, GABAAα1 and GABAAβ3. The results of LTP recording indicated that, the EE rats have higher fEPSP amplitude than CON and PE rats under normal induced condition. When incubated with APV (an antagonist of NMDA receptor) or DNQX (an antagonist of AMPA receptor), the increase amplitude of LTP were both partly inhibited in the two groups. However, compared with the CON and PE rats, the amplitudes were still higher in the EE rat in those cases. All these results above indicated that early EE exposure may influence the functional plasticity of the auditory system by regulating the excitatory and inhibitory circuits simultaneously.
3. Maintenance of enriched environment-induced auditory functional plasticity of the rat
In this part, we used EE recovery rats (which return to normal condition for two months) as model, investigated the maintenance of early EE exposure induced changes of auditory system by behavior, electrophysiological and molecular biological methods. We found that, compared with the age-matched control, the EE rats still had better performance. As to A1 neurons, the spatial sensitivity was enhanced, expressed by a sharper frequency tuning curve, smaller spatial receptive field, and a more selective directional curve of the EE rats. In addition, we also detected significant increases in GABAAreceptor al,β3 subunits; NMDA receptor NR2A, NR2B subunits; AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit protein expression; and in the ratios of GABAAα1/GABAAα3 and NR2A/NR2B. In particular, the variation rate of all inhibitory receptor expressions was significantly higher than that of the excitatory receptor expressions in early EE exposed rats. These observations indicate the persistent higher expression levels of the GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors expression induced by early EE exposure, especially enhancement of GABAergic inhibition in the auditory cortex, might be responsible for the maintenance of improved effects in auditory spatial sensitivity.
论文主要包括以下三个部分：
一、早期丰富环境暴露增强大鼠听空间方位分辨行为和听皮层神经元听空间敏感性
实验在12只生后早期丰富环境暴露动物(EE动物)和11只正常环境饲养的对照动物(CON动物)上进行。自大鼠出生后第7天(P7),将其置于丰富环境(enriched environment, EE)中饲养,直至成年(P56),之后,分别进行行为学和电生理学实验。对照动物为正常环境饲养的同龄大鼠。声源-方位分辨(sound-azimuth discrimination)行为测试结果显示,经过丰富环境暴露的动物,听空间敏感性(auditory spatial sensitivity)较对照动物明显提高。在完成声源-方位分辨作业中表现为,正确率(percent correct)提高,反应时(reaction time)缩短,水平方位角度分辨偏差(azimuth deviation)减小。电生理学实验结果显示,初级听皮层神经元频率调谐曲线(frequency tuning curve)和水平方位选择性曲线(azimuth selective curve)明显锐化,神经元的听空间感受野(auditory spatial receptive field)明显缩小。我们推测,生后发育关键期内,丰富环境暴露促进了神经回路的发育、成熟,显著地提高了听皮层神经元的听空间敏感性。这一效应的产生很可能是通过调节相关兴奋性和抑制性神经回路的发育平衡实现的。
二、早期丰富环境暴露增强大鼠听空间敏感性的细胞分子机制
实验采用分子生物学蛋白免疫印迹(western blotting)技术和离体脑片记录方法,研究了早期丰富环境暴露诱导大鼠听空间敏感性增强的细胞分子机制。免疫印迹检测结果表明,生后早期丰富环境暴露,可明显上调听皮层NMDA受体NR1、NR2A、NR2B亚单位和AMPA受体GluR2亚单位蛋白质的表达；抑制性GABAA受体α1、β3亚单位表达；NR2A/NR2B以及GABAΛα1/α3表达比值显著提高。中脑下丘的检测结果显示,NR1、NR2A、NR2B、GluR2、GABAΛα1和GABAAβ3的表达也都明显上调,呈现与听皮层相一致的表达变化趋势。离体脑片LTP记录结果显示,早期丰富环境暴露,明显提高了刺激白质(white matter, WM)所诱导的听皮层Ⅱ/Ⅲ层(layersⅡ/Ⅲ) LTP幅度,在相同浓度的NMDA受体拮抗剂APV (D-2-amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid)和AMPA受体拮抗剂DNQX (6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione)作用下,EE动物LTP被抑制的幅度明显小于CON组和PE组动物。以上结果表明,生后早期丰富环境暴露可显著地上调听皮层兴奋性和抑制性受体亚单位的表达,提高突触传递的效率。提示丰富环境可能是通过影响听觉中枢兴奋性和抑制性信息传递系统发育的平衡,实现对听觉功能可塑性调控的。
三、早期丰富环境暴露诱导听觉功能可塑性的保持
幼年动物在生后第7天(P7)开始饲养于丰富环境中,成年后(P56)再返回到正常环境中饲养,至115天龄(P115)左右,分别进行行为学和电生理学和分子生物学实验。结果显示：1.在声源-方位分辨作业中,与同龄对照动物相比,EE动物完成作业的正确率(percent correct)高,反应时(reaction time)和方位分辨偏差(azimuth deviation)小；2.听皮层神经元频率调谐曲线(frequency tuning curve)和水平方位选择性曲线(azimuth selective curve)明显锐化,水平方位调谐深度(azimuth tuning depth)增加,听空间感受野(auditory spatial receptive field)缩小；3.听皮层抑制性GABAA受体α1、β3亚单位,GABAΛα1/GABAΛα3表达比值显著增加；兴奋性NMDA受体NR1、NR2A、NR2B和AMPA受体GluR2亚单位蛋白的表达量均有不同程度的上调。结果提示,听觉中枢兴奋性NMDA受体、AMPA受体和GABAA受体亚单位表达调控参与了早期丰富环境诱导的大鼠听空间敏感性增强效应的保持。
脑功能发育可塑性及其细胞分子机制研究是神经科学重要的研究领域,它不仅对最终揭示脑发育和可塑性的奥秘有重要理论意义,而且,可能为有效矫治、修复脑感觉功能障碍、研发改善、治疗感觉功能障碍疾病的新策略和手段提供神经生物学实验依据,具有现实的指导意义和积极的应用前景。
Enriched environment (EE) has an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain, while the early experience-dependent plasticity during the critical period is a major research field for sensory system. These two highly fruitful fields, namely, sensory-cortical plasticity and EE, are combined together in a novel attempt to investigate the effects of the EE-induced plasticity. The present study used rats as animal model to find out the underlying mechanism of how early EE exposure influenced the functional plasticity of central auditory system, through behavior, electro-physiological and molecular biological methods.
This dissertation includes three parts as follow:
1. Enriched environment-induced auditory spatial sensitivity of the rat
Rats were raised in enriched environment from postnatal day 7 to day 56, the EE condition was renew in several days to keep novelty. We used 12 EE rat and 11 CON rats for the study. By testing behavioral tasks via auditory cues, we have shown that EE improved the number of correct scores, but decreased the reaction time and azimuth deviation in behavioral performance of sound-azimuth discrimination. By in vivo extracellular recording, we have shown that EE enhanced the directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. For example, EE rats had a smaller spatial receptive field, sharper frequency tuning curve and directional selective curve of auditory neurons compared with normal rats. Our findings indicate that early exposure to EE increases directional sensitivity. These results provide an insight into developmental plasticity in the auditory system.
2. Molecular mechanism of improved spatial sensitivity of the rat by early EE exposure
By western blotting and brain slice recording, we investigate the expression level changes of several cortical developmental related receptors and amplitude changes of the long-term potentiation between the EE, CON and PE rats. We found that early EE exposure significantly increased the expression level of NMDA receptor subunits, NR1, NR2A and NR2B; AMPA receptor subunit GluR2; GABAA receptor subunits, α1 andβ3 of the auditory cortex. In addition, the ratios between NR2A and NR2B, GABAAα1 and GABAAα3 were also increased. The expression changes tendency in the inferior colliculus was almost the same with the auditory cortex, that is, significant increases were found in NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GluR2, GABAAα1 and GABAAβ3. The results of LTP recording indicated that, the EE rats have higher fEPSP amplitude than CON and PE rats under normal induced condition. When incubated with APV (an antagonist of NMDA receptor) or DNQX (an antagonist of AMPA receptor), the increase amplitude of LTP were both partly inhibited in the two groups. However, compared with the CON and PE rats, the amplitudes were still higher in the EE rat in those cases. All these results above indicated that early EE exposure may influence the functional plasticity of the auditory system by regulating the excitatory and inhibitory circuits simultaneously.
3. Maintenance of enriched environment-induced auditory functional plasticity of the rat
In this part, we used EE recovery rats (which return to normal condition for two months) as model, investigated the maintenance of early EE exposure induced changes of auditory system by behavior, electrophysiological and molecular biological methods. We found that, compared with the age-matched control, the EE rats still had better performance. As to A1 neurons, the spatial sensitivity was enhanced, expressed by a sharper frequency tuning curve, smaller spatial receptive field, and a more selective directional curve of the EE rats. In addition, we also detected significant increases in GABAAreceptor al,β3 subunits; NMDA receptor NR2A, NR2B subunits; AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit protein expression; and in the ratios of GABAAα1/GABAAα3 and NR2A/NR2B. In particular, the variation rate of all inhibitory receptor expressions was significantly higher than that of the excitatory receptor expressions in early EE exposed rats. These observations indicate the persistent higher expression levels of the GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors expression induced by early EE exposure, especially enhancement of GABAergic inhibition in the auditory cortex, might be responsible for the maintenance of improved effects in auditory spatial sensitivity.
引文
Bartoletti, A., Medini, P., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Prevents Effects of Dark-Rearing in the Rat Visual Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,7,215-216.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. I. Receptive Field Properties," Brain research. Developmental brain research,53,71-81.
Berlau, K. M., and Weinberger, N. M. (2008), "Learning Strategy Determines Auditory Cortical Plasticity," Neurobiol Learn Mem,89,153-166.
Brown, R. T. (1968), "Early Experience and Problem-Solving Ability," Journal of comparative and physiological psychology,65,433-440.
Casseday, J. H., Ehrlich, D., and Covey, E. (1994), "Neural Tuning for Sound Duration:Role of Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Inferior Colliculus," Science,264, 847-850.
Chang, E. F., and Merzenich, M. M. (2003), "Environmental Noise Retards Auditory Cortical Development," Science,300,498-502.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Costa, D. A., et al. (2007), "Enrichment Improves Cognition in Ad Mice by Amyloid-Related and Unrelated Mechanisms," Neurobiol Aging,28,831-844.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G, Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Dhanushkodi, A., Bindu, B., Raju, T. R., and Kutty, B. M. (2007), "Exposure to Enriched Environment Improves Spatial Learning Performances and Enhances Cell Density but Not Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in the Hippocampus of Ventral Subicular-Lesioned Rats," Behavioral Neuroscience,121,491-500.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Dong, W. K., and Greenough, W. T. (2004), "Plasticity of Nonneuronal Brain Tissue: Roles in Developmental Disorders," Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev,10,85-90.
Doron, N. N., Ledoux, J. E., and Semple, M. N. (2002), "Redefining the Tonotopic Core of Rat Auditory Cortex:Physiological Evidence for a Posterior Field," J Comp Neurol,453,345-360.
Edeline, J. M. (1999), "Learning-Induced Physiological Plasticity in the Thalamo-Cortical Sensory Systems:A Critical Evaluation of Receptive Field Plasticity, Map Changes and Their Potential Mechanisms," Prog Neurobiol,57, 165-224.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Journal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Escorihuela, R. M., Tobena, A., and Fernandez-Teruel, A. (1994), "Environmental Enrichment Reverses the Detrimental Action of Early Inconsistent Stimulation and Increases the Beneficial Effects of Postnatal Handling on Shuttlebox Learning in Adult Rats," Behavioural brain research,61,169-173.
Foster, T. C., Fugger, H. N., and Cunningham, S. G. (2000), "Receptor Blockade Reveals a Correspondence between Hippocampal-Dependent Behavior and Experience-Dependent Synaptic Enhancement," Brain Res,871,39-43.
Fritz, J., Elhilali, M., and Shamma, S. (2005), "Active Listening:Task-Dependent Plasticity of Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields in Primary Auditory Cortex," Hear Res, 206,159-176. Fuzessery, Z. M., and Hall, J. C. (1996), "Role of Gaba in Shaping Frequency Tuning and Creating Fm Sweep Selectivity in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurophysiol,76, 1059-1073.
Galarreta, M., and Hestrin, S. (1998), "Frequency-Dependent Synaptic Depression and the Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in the Neocortex," Nat Neurosci,1, 587-594.
Gardner, E. B., Boitano, J. J., Mancino, N. S., and D'Amico, D. P. (1975), "Environmental Enrichment and Deprivation:Effects on Learning, Memory and Exploration," Physiology & behavior,14,321-327.
Gold, J. I., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Hearing Impairment Induces Frequency-Specific Adjustments in Auditory Spatial Tuning in the Optic Tectum of Young Owls," J Neurophysiol,82,2197-2209.
Han, L., Yang, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Corticofugal Modulation of Directional Sensitivity in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus," Acta Physiologica Sinica,24(1),6-13.
Jen, P. H., Sun, X. D., and Lin, P. J. (1989), "Frequency and Space Representation in the Primary Auditory Cortex of the Frequency Modulating Bat Eptesicus Fuscus," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,165,1-14.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
Kacelnik, O., Nodal, F. R., Parsons, C. H., and King, A. J. (2006), "Training-Induced Plasticity of Auditory Localization in Adult Mammals," PLoS Biol,4, e71.
Kandler, K., and Gillespie, D. C. (2005), "Developmental Refinement of Inhibitory Sound-Localization Circuits," Trends Neurosci,28,290-296.
King, A. J., Hutchings, M. E., Moore, D. R., and Blakemore, C. (1988), "Developmental Plasticity in the Visual and Auditory Representations in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus," Nature,332,73-76.
King, A. J., and Moore, D. R. (1991), "Plasticity of Auditory Maps in the Brain," Trends Neurosci,14,31-37.
King, A. J., Parsons, C. H., and Moore, D. R. (2000), "Plasticity in the Neural Coding of Auditory Space in the Mammalian Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,97, 11821-11828.
Knudsen, E. I. (1985), "Experience Alters the Spatial Tuning of Auditory Units in the Optic Tectum During a Sensitive Period in the Barn Owl," JNeurosci,5,3094-3109.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,11815-11820.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Leggio, M. G., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Promotes Improved Spatial Abilities and Enhanced Dendritic Growth in the Rat," Behavioural brain research, 163,78-90.
Lu, Y., and Jen, P. H. (2001), "Gabaergic and Glycinergic Neural Inhibition in Excitatory Frequency Tuning of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Exp Brain Res,141, 331-339.
Magnusson, A. K., Park, T. J., Pecka, M., Grothe, B., and Koch, U. (2008), "Retrograde Gaba Signaling Adjusts Sound Localization by Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Brainstem," Neuron,59,125-137.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Nakahara, H., Zhang, L. I., and Merzenich, M. M. (2004), "Specialization of Primary Auditory Cortex Processing by Sound Exposure in The "Critical Period",' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,101, 7170-7174.
Norena, A. J., Gourevitch, B., Aizawa, N., and Eggermont, J. J. (2006), "Spectrally Enhanced Acoustic Environment Disrupts Frequency Representation in Cat Auditory Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,9,932-939.
Park, T. J., and Pollak, G. D. (1993), "Gaba Shapes Sensitivity to Interaural Intensity Disparities in the Mustache Bat's Inferior Colliculus:Implications for Encoding Sound Location," JNeurosci,13,2050-2067.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G., Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Polley, D. B., Read, H. L., Storace, D. A., and Merzenich, M. M. (2007), "Multiparametric Auditory Receptive Field Organization across Five Cortical Fields in the Albino Rat," J Neurophysiol,97,3621-3638.
Prusky, G. T., Reidel, C.,and Douglas, R. M. (2000), "Environmental Enrichment from Birth Enhances Visual Acuity but Not Place Learning in Mice," Behav Brain Res, 114,11-15.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1996), "Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory," Annu Rev Psychol,47,1-32.
Rutkowski, R. G, Miasnikov, A. A., and Weinberger, N. M. (2003), "Characterisation of Multiple Physiological Fields within the Anatomical Core of Rat Auditory Cortex," Hear Res,181,116-130.
Rutkowski, R. G, and Weinberger, N. M. (2005), "Encoding of Learned Importance of Sound by Magnitude of Representational Area in Primary Auditory Cortex," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,102,13664-13669.
Sally, S. L., and Kelly, J. B. (1988), "Organization of Auditory Cortex in the Albino Rat:Sound Frequency," J Neurophysiol,59,1627-1638.
Schnupp, J. W., King, A. J., Smith, A. L., and Thompson, I. D. (1995), "Nmda-Receptor Antagonists Disrupt the Formation of the Auditory Space Map in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus," JNeurosci,15,1516-1531.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Smith, A. L., et al. (2004), "An Investigation of the Role of Auditory Cortex in Sound Localization Using Muscimol-Releasing Elvax," Eur J Neurosci,19,3059-3072.
Sun, W., et al. (2005), "Changes in Nmda Receptor Expression in Auditory Cortex after Learning," Neurosci Lett,374,63-68.
Sun, X., Chen, Q. C., and Jen, P. H. (1996), "Corticofugal Control of Central Auditory Sensitivity in the Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus Fuscus," Neurosci Lett,212,131-134.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Van Waas, M., and Soffie, M. (1996), "Differential Environmental Modulations on Locomotor Activity, Exploration and Spatial Behaviour in Young and Old Rats," Physiology & behavior,59,265-271.
Weinberger, N. M. (1995), "Dynamic Regulation of Receptive Fields and Maps in the Adult Sensory Cortex," Annu Rev Neurosci,18,129-158.
Weinberger. N. M. (2004), "Specific Long-Term Memory Traces in Primary Auditory Cortex," Nat Rev Neurosci.5,279-290.
Weinberger, N. M., and Bakin, J. S. (1998), "Learning-Induced Physiological Memory in Adult Primary Auditory Cortex:Receptive Fields Plasticity, Model, and Mechanisms," Audiol Neurootol,3,145-167.
Will, B., Galani, R., Kelche, C., and Rosenzweig, M. R. (2004), "Recovery from Brain Injury in Animals:Relative Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment, Physical Exercise or Formal Training (1990-2002)," Prog Neurobiol,72,167-182.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity," Physiology & behavior,73, 649-658.
Zhang, L. I., Bao, S., and Merzenich, M. M. (2001), "Persistent and Specific Influences of Early Acoustic Environments on Primary Auditory Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,4,1123-1130.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (1999), "Effects of Gaba and Bicuculline on Auditory Spatial Response Properties of Inferior Collicular Neurons in the Juvenile Bat, Myotis Chinensis," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,15,268-273.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
Zhou, X. M., and Jen, P. H. (2002), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition in Shaping Directional Selectivity of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons Determined with Temporally Patterned Pulse Trains," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,188,815-826.
Bartoletti, A., Medini, P., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Prevents Effects of Dark-Rearing in the Rat Visual Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,7,215-216.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990a), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. I. Receptive Field Properties," Brain research. Developmental brain research,53,71-81.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990b), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. Ii. Spatial and Temporal Frequency Characteristics," Brain Res Dev Brain Res,53,82-88.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of Nr2b Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bliss, T. V., and Lomo, T. (1973), "Long-Lasting Potentiation of Synaptic Transmission in the Dentate Area of the Anaesthetized Rabbit Following Stimulation of the Perforant Path," J Physiol,232,331-356.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cao, X., Huang, S., and Ruan, D. (2008), "Enriched Environment Restores Impaired Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Water Maze Performance Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats," Dev Psychobiol,50,307-313.
Casseday, J. H., Ehrlich, D., and Covey, E. (1994), "Neural Tuning for Sound Duration:Role of Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Inferior Colliculus," Science,264, 847-850.
Chen, Q. C., and Jen, P. H. (2000), "Bicuculline Application Affects Discharge Patterns, Rate-Intensity Functions, and Frequency Tuning Characteristics of Bat Auditory Cortical Neurons," Hear Res,150,161-174.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Costa, D. A., et al. (2007), "Enrichment Improves Cognition in Ad Mice by Amyloid-Related and Unrelated Mechanisms," Neurobiol Aging,28,831-844.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," JNeurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Cull-Candy, S., Brickley, S., and Farrant, M. (2001), "Nmda Receptor Subunits: Diversity, Development and Disease," Curr Opin Neurobiol,11,327-335.
Cull-Candy, S., Kelly, L., and Farrant, M. (2006), "Regulation of Ca2+-Permeable Ampa Receptors:Synaptic Plasticity and Beyond," Curr Opin Neurobiol,16, 288-297.
Del Arco, A., et al. (2007a), "Environmental Enrichment Reduces the Function of D1 Dopamine Receptors in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Rat," J Neural Transm,114, 43-48.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G., Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007b), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Dhanushkodi, A., Bindu, B., Raju, T. R., and Kutty, B. M. (2007), "Exposure to Enriched Environment Improves Spatial Learning Performances and Enhances Cell Density but Not Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in the Hippocampus of Ventral Subicular-Lesioned Rats," Behavioral Neuroscience,121,491-500.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Fagiolini, M., and Hensch, T. K. (2000), "Inhibitory Threshold for Critical-Period Activation in Primary Visual Cortex," Nature,404,183-186.
Flint, A. C., Maisch, U. S., Weishaupt, J. H., Kriegstein, A. R., and Monyer, H. (1997), "Nr2a Subunit Expression Shortens Nmda Receptor Synaptic Currents in Developing Neocortex," J Neurosci,17,2469-2476.
Foster, T. C., Fugger, H. N., and Cunningham, S. G (2000), "Receptor Blockade Reveals a Correspondence between Hippocampal-Dependent Behavior and Experience-Dependent Synaptic Enhancement," Brain Res,871,39-43.
Franks, K. M., and Isaacson, J. S. (2005), "Synapse-Specific Downregulation of Nmda Receptors by Early Experience:A Critical Period for Plasticity of Sensory Input to Olfactory Cortex," Neuron,47,101-114.
Fuzessery, Z. M., and Hall, J. C. (1996), "Role of Gaba in Shaping Frequency Tuning and Creating Fm Sweep Selectivity in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurophysiol,76, 1059-1073.
Gingrich, K. J., Roberts, W. A., and Kass, R. S. (1995), "Dependence of the Gabaa Receptor Gating Kinetics on the Alpha-Subunit Isoform:Implications for Structure-Function Relations and Synaptic Transmission," J Physiol,489 (Pt 2), 529-543.
Harauzov, A., et al., "Reducing Intracortical Inhibition in the Adult Visual Cortex Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity," JNeurosci,30,361-371.
He, H. Y., Hodos, W., and Quinlan, E. M. (2006), "Visual Deprivation Reactivates Rapid Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Adult Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,26, 2951-2955.
Hogsden, J. L., and Dringenberg, H. C. (2009), "Decline of Long-Term Potentiation (Ltp) in the Rat Auditory Cortex in Vivo During Postnatal Life:Involvement of Nr2b Subunits," Brain Res,1283,25-33.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Jen, P. H., Sun, X. D., and Lin, P. J. (1989), "Frequency and Space Representation in the Primary Auditory Cortex of the Frequency Modulating Bat Eptesicus Fuscus," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,165,1-14.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
King, A. J., and Moore, D. R. (1991), "Plasticity of Auditory Maps in the Brain," Trends Neurosci,14,31-37.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,97,11815-11820.
Komatsu, Y., Toyama, K., Maeda, J., and Sakaguchi, H. (1981), "Long-Term Potentiation Investigated in a Slice Preparation of Striate Cortex of Young Kittens," Neurosci Lett,26,269-274.
Kudoh, M., and Shibuki, K. (1994), "Long-Term Potentiation in the Auditory Cortex of Adult Rats," Neurosci Lett,171,21-23.
Kudoh. M., and Shibuki, K. (1996), "Long-Term Potentiation of Supragranular Pyramidal Outputs in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Exp Brain Res,110,21-27.
Laurie, D. J., Wisden, W., and Seeburg, P. H. (1992), "The Distribution of Thirteen Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in the Rat Brain. Iii. Embryonic and Postnatal Development," JNeurosci,12,4151-4172.
Li, M., and De Blas, A. L. (1997), "Coexistence of Two Beta Subunit Isoforms in the Same Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type a Receptor," J Biol Chem,272,16564-16569.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Lu, Y., and Jen, P. H. (2001), "Gabaergic and Glycinergic Neural Inhibition in Excitatory Frequency Tuning of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Exp Brain Res,141, 331-339.
Magnusson, A. K., Park, T. J., Pecka, M., Grothe, B., and Koch, U. (2008), "Retrograde Gaba Signaling Adjusts Sound Localization by Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Brainstem," Neuron,59,125-137.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1073-1074,131-138.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Maya Vetencourt, J. F., et al. (2008), "The Antidepressant Fluoxetine Restores Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex," Science,320,385-388.
Park, T. J., and Pollak, G. D. (1993), "Gaba Shapes Sensitivity to Interaural Intensity Disparities in the Mustache Bat's Inferior Colliculus:Implications for Encoding Sound Location," J Neurosci,13,2050-2067.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G, Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Rozas, C., et al. (2001), "Developmental Inhibitory Gate Controls the Relay of Activity to the Superficial Layers of the Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,21,6791-6801.
Sanchez, J. T., Gans, D., and Wenstrup, J. J. (2007), "Contribution of Nmda and Ampa Receptors to Temporal Patterning of Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurosci,27,1954-1963.
Schnupp, J. W., King, A. J., Smith, A. L., and Thompson, I. D. (1995), "Nmda-Receptor Antagonists Disrupt the Formation of the Auditory Space Map in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus." J Neurosci,15.1516-1531.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," J Neurobiol,44,82-94.
Smith, A. L., et al. (2004), "An Investigation of the Role of Auditory Cortex in Sound Localization Using Muscimol-Releasing Elvax," Eur J Neurosci,19.3059-3072.
Speechley, W. J., Hogsden, J. L., and Dringenberg, H. C. (2007), "Continuous White Noise Exposure During and after Auditory Critical Period Differentially Alters Bidirectional Thalamocortical Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex in Vivo," Eur J Neurosci,26,2576-2584.
Teyler, T. J., and DiScenna, P. (1987), "Long-Term Potentiation," Annu Rev Neurosci, 10,131-161.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Van Waas, M., and Soffie, M. (1996), "Differential Environmental Modulations on Locomotor Activity, Exploration and Spatial Behaviour in Young and Old Rats," Physiology & behavior,59,265-271.
Wang, L. Y. (2000), "The Dynamic Range for Gain Control of Nmda Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission at a Single Synapse," J Neurosci,20, RC115.
Watanabe, K., Kamatani, D., Hishida, R., Kudoh, M., and Shibuki, K. (2007), "Long-Term Depression Induced by Local Tetanic Stimulation in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Res,1166,20-28.
Wu, S. H., Ma, C. L., and Kelly, J. B. (2004), "Contribution of Ampa, Nmda, and Gaba(a) Receptors to Temporal Pattern of Postsynaptic Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat," J Neurosci,24,4625-4634.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Continuous White Noise Exposure Alters Auditory Spatial Sensitivity and Expression of Gad65 and Gabaa Receptor Subunits in Rat Auditory Cortex," Cereb Cortex,20,804-812.
Yazaki-Sugiyama, Y., Kang, S., Cateau, H., Fukai, T., and Hensch, T. K. (2009), "Bidirectional Plasticity in Fast-Spiking Gaba Circuits by Visual Experience," Nature, 462,218-221.
Zheng, W., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Functional Selection of Adaptive Auditory Space Map by Gabaa-Mediated Inhibition," Science,284,962-965.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (1999), "Effects of Gaba and Bicuculline on Auditory Spatial Response Properties of Inferior Collicular Neurons in the Juvenile Bat, Myotis Chinensis," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,15,268-273.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
Zhou, X. M., and Jen, P. H. (2002), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition in Shaping Directional Selectivity of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons Determined with Temporally Patterned Pulse Trains," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,188,815-826.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触NR2A表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512.
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B mRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408.
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学杂志,19,177-181.
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085.
张凌,吴秀梅,徐凤,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569.
陈其才.Jen,P.,吴飞健.(2002),”Γ-氨基丁酸能抑制可锐化大棕蝠听皮层神经元频率调谐,”动物学报，48,346—352.
Berardi, N., Pizzorusso, T., Ratto, G. M., and Maffei, L. (2003), "Molecular Basis of Plasticity in the Visual Cortex," Trends Neurosci,26,369-378.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of Nr2b Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bose, M., et al. (2010), "Effect of the Environment on the Dendritic Morphology of the Rat Auditory Cortex," Synapse,64,97-110.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cancedda, L., et al. (2004), "Acceleration of Visual System Development by Environmental Enrichment," JNeurosci,24,4840-4848.
Caspary, D. M., et al. (1999), "Age-Related Changes in Gaba(a) Receptor Subunit Composition and Function in Rat Auditory System," Neuroscience,93,307-312.
Caspary, D. M., Milbrandt, J. C., and Helfert, R. H. (1995), "Central Auditory Aging: Gaba Changes in the Inferior Colliculus," Exp Gerontol,30,349-360.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Cui, Y., Lu, J., and Sun, X. (2001), "Age-Related Changes in Gabaa Receptor Subunits Mrna Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,17, 326-330.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G, Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Jo urnal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Escorihuela, R. M., Tobena, A., and Fernandez-Teruel, A. (1994), "Environmental Enrichment Reverses the Detrimental Action of Early Inconsistent Stimulation and Increases the Beneficial Effects of Postnatal Handling on Shuttlebox Learning in Adult Rats," Behavioural brain research,61,169-173.
Flint, A. C., Maisch, U. S., Weishaupt, J. H., Kriegstein, A. R., and Monyer, H. (1997), "Nr2a Subunit Expression Shortens Nmda Receptor Synaptic Currents in Developing Neocortex," JNeurosci,17,2469-2476.
Franks, K. M., and Isaacson, J. S. (2005), "Synapse-Specific Downregulation of Nmda Receptors by Early Experience:A Critical Period for Plasticity of Sensory Input to Olfactory Cortex," Neuron,47,101-114.
Gingrich, K. J., Roberts, W. A., and Kass, R. S. (1995), "Dependence of the Gabaa Receptor Gating Kinetics on the Alpha-Subunit Isoform:Implications for Structure-Function Relations and Synaptic Transmission," JPhysiol,489 (Pt 2), 529-543.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci US A,97,11815-11820.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Laurie, D. J., Wisden, W., and Seeburg, P. H. (1992), "The Distribution of Thirteen Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in the Rat Brain. Iii. Embryonic and Postnatal Development," JNeurosci,12,4151-4172.
Leon, M. I., Poytress, B. S., and Weinberger, N. M. (2008), "Avoidance Learning Facilitates Temporal Processing in the Primary Auditory Cortex," Neurobiol Learn Mem,90,347-357.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1073-1074,131-138.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G., Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Petrosini, L., et al. (2009), "On Whether the Environmental Enrichment May Provide Cognitive and Brain Reserves," Brain Res Rev,61,221-239.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999a), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999b), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Sale, A., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2009), "Enrich the Environment to Empower the Brain," Trends Neurosci,32,233-239.
Sale, A., et al. (2007), "Environmental Enrichment in Adulthood Promotes Amblyopia Recovery through a Reduction of Intracortical Inhibition," Nature Neuroscience,10, 679-681.
Sale, A., et al. (2004), "Enriched Environment and Acceleration of Visual System Development," Neuropharmacology,47,649-660.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E.J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Stecker, G. C., Mickey, B. J., Macpherson, E. A., and Middlebrooks, J. C. (2003), "Spatial Sensitivity in Field Paf of Cat Auditory Cortex," JNeurophysiol,89, 2889-2903.
Sun, W., et al. (2005), "Changes in Nmda Receptor Expression in Auditory Cortex after Learning," Neurosci Lett,374,63-68.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Weinberger, N. M. (2007), "Auditory Associative Memory and Representational Plasticity in the Primary Auditory Cortex," Hear Res,229,54-68.
Weinberger, N. M., Miasnikov, A. A., and Chen, J. C. (2009), "Sensory Memory Consolidation Observed:Increased Specificity of Detail over Days," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,273-286.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity," Physiology & behavior,73, 649-658.
Wu, S. H., Ma, C. L., and Kelly, J. B. (2004), "Contribution of Ampa, Nmda, and Gaba(a) Receptors to Temporal Pattern of Postsynaptic Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat," J Neurosci,24,4625-4634.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Continuous White Noise Exposure Alters Auditory Spatial Sensitivity and Expression of Gad65 and Gabaa Receptor Subunits in Rat Auditory Cortex," Cereb Cortex,20,804-812.
Zhang, H., Cai, R., Zhang, J., P., Y, and Sun, X. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Enhances Directional Selectivity of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rats.," Neurosci Lett,463,162-165.
Zhang, L. I., Bao, S., and Merzenich, M. M. (2002), "Disruption of Primary Auditory Cortex by Synchronous Auditory Inputs During a Critical Period," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,99,2309-2314.
Zhou, X., and Merzenich, M. M. (2007), "Intensive Training in Adults Refines A1 Representations Degraded in an Early Postnatal Critical Period," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104,15935-15940.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触NR2A表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512。
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2AmRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408。
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学 杂志,19,177-181。
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085。
张凌,吴秀梅,徐风,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569。
Baro, J. A., Lehmkuhle, S., and Kratz, K. E. (1990), "Electroretinograms and Visual Evoked Potentials in Long-Term Monocularly Deprived Cats," Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,31,1405-1409.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of NR2B Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bartoletti, A., Medini, P., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Prevents Effects of Dark-Rearing in the Rat Visual Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,7,215-216.
Bezard, E., et al. (2003), "Enriched Environment Confers Resistance to 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine and Cocaine:Involvement of Dopamine Transporter and Trophic Factors," JNeurosci,23,10999-11007.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cancedda, L., et al. (2004), "Acceleration of Visual System Development by Environmental Enrichment," JNeurosci,24,4840-4848.
Ciucci, F., et al. (2007), "Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) Mediates the Effects of Enriched Environment (Ee) on Visual Cortical Development," PLoS One,2, e475.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Cummings, J. L. (2004), "Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease:Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches," Rev Neurol Dis,1,60-69.
Dahlqvist, P., et al. (1999), "Environmental Enrichment Alters Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Gene a and Glucocorticoid Receptor Messenger Rna Expression after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats," Neuroscience,93,527-535.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Journal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Faherty, C. J., Raviie Shepherd, K., Herasimtschuk, A., and Smeyne, R. J. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment in Adulthood Eliminates Neuronal Death in Experimental Parkinsonism," Brain Res Mol Brain Res,134,170-179.
Fine, I., et al. (2003), "Long-Term Deprivation Affects Visual Perception and Cortex," Nat Neurosci,6,915-916.
Glenner, G. G., and Wong, C. W. (1984), "Alzheimer's Disease:Initial Report of the Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cerebrovascular Amyloid Protein," Biochem Biophys Res Commun,120,885-890.
Gobbo, O. L., and O'Mara, S. M. (2004), "Impact of Enriched-Environment Housing on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and on Cognitive Performance after a Transient Global Ischemia," Behav Brain Res,152,231-241.
Harauzov, A., et al., "Reducing Intracortical Inhibition in the Adult Visual Cortex Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity," J Neurosci,30,361-371.
Hartmann, B., et al. (2004), "The Ampa Receptor Subunits Glur-a and Glur-B Reciprocally Modulate Spinal Synaptic Plasticity and Inflammatory Pain,"Neuron,44, 637-650.
He, H. Y., Hodos, W., and Quinlan, E. M. (2006), "Visual Deprivation Reactivates Rapid Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Adult Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,26, 2951-2955.
Hebb, D. O. (1947), "The Effects of Early Experience on Problem Solving at Maturity," The American psychologist,2,306-307.
Hensch, T. K. (2005), "Critical Period Plasticity in Local Cortical Circuits," Nat Rev Neurosci,6,877-888.
Hockly, E., et al. (2002), "Environmental Enrichment Slows Disease Progression in R6/2 Huntington's Disease Mice," Ann Neurol,51,235-242.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Huntsman, M. M., Isackson, P. J., and Jones, E. G. (1994), "Lamina-Specific Expression and Activity-Dependent Regulation of Seven Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in Monkey Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,14,2236-2259.
Jankowsky, J. L., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease," J Neurosci,25,5217-5224.
Jolkkonen, J., Gallagher, N. P., Zilles, K., and Sivenius, J. (2003), "Behavioral Deficits and Recovery Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Glutamatergic and Gabaergic Receptor Densities," Behav Brain Res,138,187-200.
Kang, J., et al. (1987), "The Precursor of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid A4 Protein Resembles a Cell-Surface Receptor," Nature,325,733-736.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Lazarov, O., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Reduces Abeta Levels and Amyloid Deposition in Transgenic Mice," Cell,120,701-713.
Lazic, S. E., et al. (2006), "Neurogenesis in the R6/1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease:Effects of Environmental Enrichment," Eur J Neurosci,23, 1829-1838.
Levi, O., Jongen-Relo, A. L., Feldon, J., Roses, A. D., and Michaelson, D. M. (2003), "Apoe4 Impairs Hippocampal Plasticity Isoform-Specifically and Blocks the Environmental Stimulation of Synaptogenesis and Memory," Neurobiol Dis,13, 273-282.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Masters, C. L., et al. (1985), "Amyloid Plaque Core Protein in Alzheimer Disease and Down Syndrome," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,82,4245-4249.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Maffei, L., and Fiorentini, A. (1982), "Electroretinographic Responses to Alternating Gratings in the Cat," Exp Brain Res,48,327-334.
Maya Vetencourt, J. F., et al. (2008), "The Antidepressant Fluoxetine Restores Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex," Science,320,385-388.
Morishita, H., and Hensch, T. K. (2008), "Critical Period Revisited:Impact on Vision," Curr Opin Neurobiol,18,101-107.
Ozaki, M., Sasner, M., Yano, R., Lu, H. S., and Buonanno, A. (1997), "Neuregulin-Beta Induces Expression of an Nmda-Receptor Subunit," Nature,390, 691-694.
Padovani, A., Costanzi, C., Gilberti, N., and Borroni, B. (2006), "Parkinson's Disease and Dementia," Neurol Sci,27 Suppl 1, S40-43.
Pang, T. Y, Stam, N. C., Nithianantharajah, J., Howard, M. L., and Hannan, A. J. (2006), "Differential Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on Behavioral and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression Deficits in Huntington's Disease Transgenic Mice," Neuroscience,141,569-584.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1966), "Environmental Complexity, Cerebral Change, and Behavior," Am Psychol,21,321-332.
Rosenzweig, M. R., and Bennett, E. L. (1969), "Effects of Differential Environments on Brain Weights and Enzyme Activities in Gerbils, Rats, and Mice," Dev Psychobiol, 2,87-95.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., Hebert, M., and Morimoto, H. (1978), "Social Grouping Cannot Account for Cerebral Effects of Enriched Environments," Brain Res, 153,563-576.
Rutter, M., Moffitt, T. E., and Caspi, A. (2006), "Gene-Environment Interplay and Psychopathology:Multiple Varieties but Real Effects," J Child Psychol Psychiatry,47, 226-261.
Sale, A., et al. (2004), "Enriched Environment and Acceleration of Visual System Development," Neuropharmacology,47,649-660.
Shum, F. W., et al. (2007), "Alteration of Cingulate Long-Term Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Inflammation by Environmental Enrichment," Learning & memory,14,304-312.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Spires, T. L., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Rescues Protein Deficits in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease, Indicating a Possible Disease Mechanism," J Neurosci,24,2270-2276.
Tanzi, R. E., et al. (1987), "Amyloid Beta Protein Gene:Cdna, Mrna Distribution, and Genetic Linkage near the Alzheimer Locus," Science,235,880-884.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Dellen, A., Blakemore, C., Deacon, R., York, D., and Hannan, A. J. (2000), "Delaying the Onset of Huntington's in Mice," Nature,404,721-722.
Wexler, N. S., et al. (2004), "Venezuelan Kindreds Reveal That Genetic and Environmental Factors Modulate Huntington's Disease Age of Onset," Proc Natl Acad SciU S A,101,3498-3503.
Wiesel, T. N., and Hubel, D. H. (1963), "Single-Cell Responses in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye," JNeurophysiol,26,1003-1017.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity,"Physiol Behav,73,649-658.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Yazaki-Sugiyama, Y., Kang, S., Cateau, H., Fukai, T., and Hensch, T. K. (2009), "Bidirectional Plasticity in Fast-Spiking Gaba Circuits by Visual Experience," Nature, 462,218-221.
Zheng, W., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Functional Selection of Adaptive Auditory Space Map by Gabaa-Mediated Inhibition," Science,284,962-965.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触nr2a表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512.
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2BmRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408.
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学杂志,19,177-181.
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085.
张凌,吴秀梅,徐凤,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. I. Receptive Field Properties," Brain research. Developmental brain research,53,71-81.
Berlau, K. M., and Weinberger, N. M. (2008), "Learning Strategy Determines Auditory Cortical Plasticity," Neurobiol Learn Mem,89,153-166.
Brown, R. T. (1968), "Early Experience and Problem-Solving Ability," Journal of comparative and physiological psychology,65,433-440.
Casseday, J. H., Ehrlich, D., and Covey, E. (1994), "Neural Tuning for Sound Duration:Role of Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Inferior Colliculus," Science,264, 847-850.
Chang, E. F., and Merzenich, M. M. (2003), "Environmental Noise Retards Auditory Cortical Development," Science,300,498-502.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Costa, D. A., et al. (2007), "Enrichment Improves Cognition in Ad Mice by Amyloid-Related and Unrelated Mechanisms," Neurobiol Aging,28,831-844.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G, Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Dhanushkodi, A., Bindu, B., Raju, T. R., and Kutty, B. M. (2007), "Exposure to Enriched Environment Improves Spatial Learning Performances and Enhances Cell Density but Not Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in the Hippocampus of Ventral Subicular-Lesioned Rats," Behavioral Neuroscience,121,491-500.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Dong, W. K., and Greenough, W. T. (2004), "Plasticity of Nonneuronal Brain Tissue: Roles in Developmental Disorders," Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev,10,85-90.
Doron, N. N., Ledoux, J. E., and Semple, M. N. (2002), "Redefining the Tonotopic Core of Rat Auditory Cortex:Physiological Evidence for a Posterior Field," J Comp Neurol,453,345-360.
Edeline, J. M. (1999), "Learning-Induced Physiological Plasticity in the Thalamo-Cortical Sensory Systems:A Critical Evaluation of Receptive Field Plasticity, Map Changes and Their Potential Mechanisms," Prog Neurobiol,57, 165-224.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Journal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Escorihuela, R. M., Tobena, A., and Fernandez-Teruel, A. (1994), "Environmental Enrichment Reverses the Detrimental Action of Early Inconsistent Stimulation and Increases the Beneficial Effects of Postnatal Handling on Shuttlebox Learning in Adult Rats," Behavioural brain research,61,169-173.
Foster, T. C., Fugger, H. N., and Cunningham, S. G. (2000), "Receptor Blockade Reveals a Correspondence between Hippocampal-Dependent Behavior and Experience-Dependent Synaptic Enhancement," Brain Res,871,39-43.
Fritz, J., Elhilali, M., and Shamma, S. (2005), "Active Listening:Task-Dependent Plasticity of Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields in Primary Auditory Cortex," Hear Res, 206,159-176. Fuzessery, Z. M., and Hall, J. C. (1996), "Role of Gaba in Shaping Frequency Tuning and Creating Fm Sweep Selectivity in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurophysiol,76, 1059-1073.
Galarreta, M., and Hestrin, S. (1998), "Frequency-Dependent Synaptic Depression and the Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in the Neocortex," Nat Neurosci,1, 587-594.
Gardner, E. B., Boitano, J. J., Mancino, N. S., and D'Amico, D. P. (1975), "Environmental Enrichment and Deprivation:Effects on Learning, Memory and Exploration," Physiology & behavior,14,321-327.
Gold, J. I., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Hearing Impairment Induces Frequency-Specific Adjustments in Auditory Spatial Tuning in the Optic Tectum of Young Owls," J Neurophysiol,82,2197-2209.
Han, L., Yang, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Corticofugal Modulation of Directional Sensitivity in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus," Acta Physiologica Sinica,24(1),6-13.
Jen, P. H., Sun, X. D., and Lin, P. J. (1989), "Frequency and Space Representation in the Primary Auditory Cortex of the Frequency Modulating Bat Eptesicus Fuscus," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,165,1-14.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
Kacelnik, O., Nodal, F. R., Parsons, C. H., and King, A. J. (2006), "Training-Induced Plasticity of Auditory Localization in Adult Mammals," PLoS Biol,4, e71.
Kandler, K., and Gillespie, D. C. (2005), "Developmental Refinement of Inhibitory Sound-Localization Circuits," Trends Neurosci,28,290-296.
King, A. J., Hutchings, M. E., Moore, D. R., and Blakemore, C. (1988), "Developmental Plasticity in the Visual and Auditory Representations in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus," Nature,332,73-76.
King, A. J., and Moore, D. R. (1991), "Plasticity of Auditory Maps in the Brain," Trends Neurosci,14,31-37.
King, A. J., Parsons, C. H., and Moore, D. R. (2000), "Plasticity in the Neural Coding of Auditory Space in the Mammalian Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,97, 11821-11828.
Knudsen, E. I. (1985), "Experience Alters the Spatial Tuning of Auditory Units in the Optic Tectum During a Sensitive Period in the Barn Owl," JNeurosci,5,3094-3109.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,11815-11820.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Leggio, M. G., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Promotes Improved Spatial Abilities and Enhanced Dendritic Growth in the Rat," Behavioural brain research, 163,78-90.
Lu, Y., and Jen, P. H. (2001), "Gabaergic and Glycinergic Neural Inhibition in Excitatory Frequency Tuning of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Exp Brain Res,141, 331-339.
Magnusson, A. K., Park, T. J., Pecka, M., Grothe, B., and Koch, U. (2008), "Retrograde Gaba Signaling Adjusts Sound Localization by Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Brainstem," Neuron,59,125-137.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Nakahara, H., Zhang, L. I., and Merzenich, M. M. (2004), "Specialization of Primary Auditory Cortex Processing by Sound Exposure in The "Critical Period",' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,101, 7170-7174.
Norena, A. J., Gourevitch, B., Aizawa, N., and Eggermont, J. J. (2006), "Spectrally Enhanced Acoustic Environment Disrupts Frequency Representation in Cat Auditory Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,9,932-939.
Park, T. J., and Pollak, G. D. (1993), "Gaba Shapes Sensitivity to Interaural Intensity Disparities in the Mustache Bat's Inferior Colliculus:Implications for Encoding Sound Location," JNeurosci,13,2050-2067.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G., Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Polley, D. B., Read, H. L., Storace, D. A., and Merzenich, M. M. (2007), "Multiparametric Auditory Receptive Field Organization across Five Cortical Fields in the Albino Rat," J Neurophysiol,97,3621-3638.
Prusky, G. T., Reidel, C.,and Douglas, R. M. (2000), "Environmental Enrichment from Birth Enhances Visual Acuity but Not Place Learning in Mice," Behav Brain Res, 114,11-15.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1996), "Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory," Annu Rev Psychol,47,1-32.
Rutkowski, R. G, Miasnikov, A. A., and Weinberger, N. M. (2003), "Characterisation of Multiple Physiological Fields within the Anatomical Core of Rat Auditory Cortex," Hear Res,181,116-130.
Rutkowski, R. G, and Weinberger, N. M. (2005), "Encoding of Learned Importance of Sound by Magnitude of Representational Area in Primary Auditory Cortex," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,102,13664-13669.
Sally, S. L., and Kelly, J. B. (1988), "Organization of Auditory Cortex in the Albino Rat:Sound Frequency," J Neurophysiol,59,1627-1638.
Schnupp, J. W., King, A. J., Smith, A. L., and Thompson, I. D. (1995), "Nmda-Receptor Antagonists Disrupt the Formation of the Auditory Space Map in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus," JNeurosci,15,1516-1531.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Smith, A. L., et al. (2004), "An Investigation of the Role of Auditory Cortex in Sound Localization Using Muscimol-Releasing Elvax," Eur J Neurosci,19,3059-3072.
Sun, W., et al. (2005), "Changes in Nmda Receptor Expression in Auditory Cortex after Learning," Neurosci Lett,374,63-68.
Sun, X., Chen, Q. C., and Jen, P. H. (1996), "Corticofugal Control of Central Auditory Sensitivity in the Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus Fuscus," Neurosci Lett,212,131-134.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Van Waas, M., and Soffie, M. (1996), "Differential Environmental Modulations on Locomotor Activity, Exploration and Spatial Behaviour in Young and Old Rats," Physiology & behavior,59,265-271.
Weinberger, N. M. (1995), "Dynamic Regulation of Receptive Fields and Maps in the Adult Sensory Cortex," Annu Rev Neurosci,18,129-158.
Weinberger. N. M. (2004), "Specific Long-Term Memory Traces in Primary Auditory Cortex," Nat Rev Neurosci.5,279-290.
Weinberger, N. M., and Bakin, J. S. (1998), "Learning-Induced Physiological Memory in Adult Primary Auditory Cortex:Receptive Fields Plasticity, Model, and Mechanisms," Audiol Neurootol,3,145-167.
Will, B., Galani, R., Kelche, C., and Rosenzweig, M. R. (2004), "Recovery from Brain Injury in Animals:Relative Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment, Physical Exercise or Formal Training (1990-2002)," Prog Neurobiol,72,167-182.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity," Physiology & behavior,73, 649-658.
Zhang, L. I., Bao, S., and Merzenich, M. M. (2001), "Persistent and Specific Influences of Early Acoustic Environments on Primary Auditory Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,4,1123-1130.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (1999), "Effects of Gaba and Bicuculline on Auditory Spatial Response Properties of Inferior Collicular Neurons in the Juvenile Bat, Myotis Chinensis," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,15,268-273.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
Zhou, X. M., and Jen, P. H. (2002), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition in Shaping Directional Selectivity of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons Determined with Temporally Patterned Pulse Trains," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,188,815-826.
Bartoletti, A., Medini, P., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Prevents Effects of Dark-Rearing in the Rat Visual Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,7,215-216.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990a), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. I. Receptive Field Properties," Brain research. Developmental brain research,53,71-81.
Beaulieu, C., and Cynader, M. (1990b), "Effect of the Richness of the Environment on Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex. Ii. Spatial and Temporal Frequency Characteristics," Brain Res Dev Brain Res,53,82-88.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of Nr2b Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bliss, T. V., and Lomo, T. (1973), "Long-Lasting Potentiation of Synaptic Transmission in the Dentate Area of the Anaesthetized Rabbit Following Stimulation of the Perforant Path," J Physiol,232,331-356.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cao, X., Huang, S., and Ruan, D. (2008), "Enriched Environment Restores Impaired Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Water Maze Performance Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats," Dev Psychobiol,50,307-313.
Casseday, J. H., Ehrlich, D., and Covey, E. (1994), "Neural Tuning for Sound Duration:Role of Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Inferior Colliculus," Science,264, 847-850.
Chen, Q. C., and Jen, P. H. (2000), "Bicuculline Application Affects Discharge Patterns, Rate-Intensity Functions, and Frequency Tuning Characteristics of Bat Auditory Cortical Neurons," Hear Res,150,161-174.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Costa, D. A., et al. (2007), "Enrichment Improves Cognition in Ad Mice by Amyloid-Related and Unrelated Mechanisms," Neurobiol Aging,28,831-844.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," JNeurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Cull-Candy, S., Brickley, S., and Farrant, M. (2001), "Nmda Receptor Subunits: Diversity, Development and Disease," Curr Opin Neurobiol,11,327-335.
Cull-Candy, S., Kelly, L., and Farrant, M. (2006), "Regulation of Ca2+-Permeable Ampa Receptors:Synaptic Plasticity and Beyond," Curr Opin Neurobiol,16, 288-297.
Del Arco, A., et al. (2007a), "Environmental Enrichment Reduces the Function of D1 Dopamine Receptors in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Rat," J Neural Transm,114, 43-48.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G., Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007b), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Dhanushkodi, A., Bindu, B., Raju, T. R., and Kutty, B. M. (2007), "Exposure to Enriched Environment Improves Spatial Learning Performances and Enhances Cell Density but Not Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in the Hippocampus of Ventral Subicular-Lesioned Rats," Behavioral Neuroscience,121,491-500.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Fagiolini, M., and Hensch, T. K. (2000), "Inhibitory Threshold for Critical-Period Activation in Primary Visual Cortex," Nature,404,183-186.
Flint, A. C., Maisch, U. S., Weishaupt, J. H., Kriegstein, A. R., and Monyer, H. (1997), "Nr2a Subunit Expression Shortens Nmda Receptor Synaptic Currents in Developing Neocortex," J Neurosci,17,2469-2476.
Foster, T. C., Fugger, H. N., and Cunningham, S. G (2000), "Receptor Blockade Reveals a Correspondence between Hippocampal-Dependent Behavior and Experience-Dependent Synaptic Enhancement," Brain Res,871,39-43.
Franks, K. M., and Isaacson, J. S. (2005), "Synapse-Specific Downregulation of Nmda Receptors by Early Experience:A Critical Period for Plasticity of Sensory Input to Olfactory Cortex," Neuron,47,101-114.
Fuzessery, Z. M., and Hall, J. C. (1996), "Role of Gaba in Shaping Frequency Tuning and Creating Fm Sweep Selectivity in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurophysiol,76, 1059-1073.
Gingrich, K. J., Roberts, W. A., and Kass, R. S. (1995), "Dependence of the Gabaa Receptor Gating Kinetics on the Alpha-Subunit Isoform:Implications for Structure-Function Relations and Synaptic Transmission," J Physiol,489 (Pt 2), 529-543.
Harauzov, A., et al., "Reducing Intracortical Inhibition in the Adult Visual Cortex Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity," JNeurosci,30,361-371.
He, H. Y., Hodos, W., and Quinlan, E. M. (2006), "Visual Deprivation Reactivates Rapid Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Adult Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,26, 2951-2955.
Hogsden, J. L., and Dringenberg, H. C. (2009), "Decline of Long-Term Potentiation (Ltp) in the Rat Auditory Cortex in Vivo During Postnatal Life:Involvement of Nr2b Subunits," Brain Res,1283,25-33.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Jen, P. H., Sun, X. D., and Lin, P. J. (1989), "Frequency and Space Representation in the Primary Auditory Cortex of the Frequency Modulating Bat Eptesicus Fuscus," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,165,1-14.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
King, A. J., and Moore, D. R. (1991), "Plasticity of Auditory Maps in the Brain," Trends Neurosci,14,31-37.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,97,11815-11820.
Komatsu, Y., Toyama, K., Maeda, J., and Sakaguchi, H. (1981), "Long-Term Potentiation Investigated in a Slice Preparation of Striate Cortex of Young Kittens," Neurosci Lett,26,269-274.
Kudoh, M., and Shibuki, K. (1994), "Long-Term Potentiation in the Auditory Cortex of Adult Rats," Neurosci Lett,171,21-23.
Kudoh. M., and Shibuki, K. (1996), "Long-Term Potentiation of Supragranular Pyramidal Outputs in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Exp Brain Res,110,21-27.
Laurie, D. J., Wisden, W., and Seeburg, P. H. (1992), "The Distribution of Thirteen Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in the Rat Brain. Iii. Embryonic and Postnatal Development," JNeurosci,12,4151-4172.
Li, M., and De Blas, A. L. (1997), "Coexistence of Two Beta Subunit Isoforms in the Same Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type a Receptor," J Biol Chem,272,16564-16569.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Lu, Y., and Jen, P. H. (2001), "Gabaergic and Glycinergic Neural Inhibition in Excitatory Frequency Tuning of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Exp Brain Res,141, 331-339.
Magnusson, A. K., Park, T. J., Pecka, M., Grothe, B., and Koch, U. (2008), "Retrograde Gaba Signaling Adjusts Sound Localization by Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Brainstem," Neuron,59,125-137.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1073-1074,131-138.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Maya Vetencourt, J. F., et al. (2008), "The Antidepressant Fluoxetine Restores Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex," Science,320,385-388.
Park, T. J., and Pollak, G. D. (1993), "Gaba Shapes Sensitivity to Interaural Intensity Disparities in the Mustache Bat's Inferior Colliculus:Implications for Encoding Sound Location," J Neurosci,13,2050-2067.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G, Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Rozas, C., et al. (2001), "Developmental Inhibitory Gate Controls the Relay of Activity to the Superficial Layers of the Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,21,6791-6801.
Sanchez, J. T., Gans, D., and Wenstrup, J. J. (2007), "Contribution of Nmda and Ampa Receptors to Temporal Patterning of Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus," J Neurosci,27,1954-1963.
Schnupp, J. W., King, A. J., Smith, A. L., and Thompson, I. D. (1995), "Nmda-Receptor Antagonists Disrupt the Formation of the Auditory Space Map in the Mammalian Superior Colliculus." J Neurosci,15.1516-1531.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," J Neurobiol,44,82-94.
Smith, A. L., et al. (2004), "An Investigation of the Role of Auditory Cortex in Sound Localization Using Muscimol-Releasing Elvax," Eur J Neurosci,19.3059-3072.
Speechley, W. J., Hogsden, J. L., and Dringenberg, H. C. (2007), "Continuous White Noise Exposure During and after Auditory Critical Period Differentially Alters Bidirectional Thalamocortical Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex in Vivo," Eur J Neurosci,26,2576-2584.
Teyler, T. J., and DiScenna, P. (1987), "Long-Term Potentiation," Annu Rev Neurosci, 10,131-161.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Van Waas, M., and Soffie, M. (1996), "Differential Environmental Modulations on Locomotor Activity, Exploration and Spatial Behaviour in Young and Old Rats," Physiology & behavior,59,265-271.
Wang, L. Y. (2000), "The Dynamic Range for Gain Control of Nmda Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission at a Single Synapse," J Neurosci,20, RC115.
Watanabe, K., Kamatani, D., Hishida, R., Kudoh, M., and Shibuki, K. (2007), "Long-Term Depression Induced by Local Tetanic Stimulation in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Res,1166,20-28.
Wu, S. H., Ma, C. L., and Kelly, J. B. (2004), "Contribution of Ampa, Nmda, and Gaba(a) Receptors to Temporal Pattern of Postsynaptic Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat," J Neurosci,24,4625-4634.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Continuous White Noise Exposure Alters Auditory Spatial Sensitivity and Expression of Gad65 and Gabaa Receptor Subunits in Rat Auditory Cortex," Cereb Cortex,20,804-812.
Yazaki-Sugiyama, Y., Kang, S., Cateau, H., Fukai, T., and Hensch, T. K. (2009), "Bidirectional Plasticity in Fast-Spiking Gaba Circuits by Visual Experience," Nature, 462,218-221.
Zheng, W., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Functional Selection of Adaptive Auditory Space Map by Gabaa-Mediated Inhibition," Science,284,962-965.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (1999), "Effects of Gaba and Bicuculline on Auditory Spatial Response Properties of Inferior Collicular Neurons in the Juvenile Bat, Myotis Chinensis," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,15,268-273.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
Zhou, X. M., and Jen, P. H. (2002), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition in Shaping Directional Selectivity of Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons Determined with Temporally Patterned Pulse Trains," Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology,188,815-826.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触NR2A表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512.
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B mRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408.
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学杂志,19,177-181.
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085.
张凌,吴秀梅,徐凤,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569.
陈其才.Jen,P.,吴飞健.(2002),”Γ-氨基丁酸能抑制可锐化大棕蝠听皮层神经元频率调谐,”动物学报，48,346—352.
Berardi, N., Pizzorusso, T., Ratto, G. M., and Maffei, L. (2003), "Molecular Basis of Plasticity in the Visual Cortex," Trends Neurosci,26,369-378.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of Nr2b Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bose, M., et al. (2010), "Effect of the Environment on the Dendritic Morphology of the Rat Auditory Cortex," Synapse,64,97-110.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cancedda, L., et al. (2004), "Acceleration of Visual System Development by Environmental Enrichment," JNeurosci,24,4840-4848.
Caspary, D. M., et al. (1999), "Age-Related Changes in Gaba(a) Receptor Subunit Composition and Function in Rat Auditory System," Neuroscience,93,307-312.
Caspary, D. M., Milbrandt, J. C., and Helfert, R. H. (1995), "Central Auditory Aging: Gaba Changes in the Inferior Colliculus," Exp Gerontol,30,349-360.
Chen, W. S., and Bear, M. F. (2007), "Activity-Dependent Regulation of Nr2b Translation Contributes to Metaplasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Neuropharmacology,52,200-214.
Cui, Y., Lu, J., and Sun, X. (2001), "Age-Related Changes in Gabaa Receptor Subunits Mrna Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Chin Journal of Neuroscience,17, 326-330.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Del Arco, A., Segovia, G, Garrido, P., de Blas, M., and Mora, F. (2007), "Stress, Prefrontal Cortex and Environmental Enrichment:Studies on Dopamine and Acetylcholine Release and Working Memory Performance in Rats," Behav Brain Res, 176,267-273.
Diamond, M. C. (2001), "Response of the Brain to Enrichment," An Acad Bras Cienc, 73,211-220.
Diamond, M. C., et al. (1966), "Increases in Cortical Depth and Glia Numbers in Rats Subjected to Enriched Environment," The Journal of comparative neurology,128, 117-126.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Jo urnal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Escorihuela, R. M., Tobena, A., and Fernandez-Teruel, A. (1994), "Environmental Enrichment Reverses the Detrimental Action of Early Inconsistent Stimulation and Increases the Beneficial Effects of Postnatal Handling on Shuttlebox Learning in Adult Rats," Behavioural brain research,61,169-173.
Flint, A. C., Maisch, U. S., Weishaupt, J. H., Kriegstein, A. R., and Monyer, H. (1997), "Nr2a Subunit Expression Shortens Nmda Receptor Synaptic Currents in Developing Neocortex," JNeurosci,17,2469-2476.
Franks, K. M., and Isaacson, J. S. (2005), "Synapse-Specific Downregulation of Nmda Receptors by Early Experience:A Critical Period for Plasticity of Sensory Input to Olfactory Cortex," Neuron,47,101-114.
Gingrich, K. J., Roberts, W. A., and Kass, R. S. (1995), "Dependence of the Gabaa Receptor Gating Kinetics on the Alpha-Subunit Isoform:Implications for Structure-Function Relations and Synaptic Transmission," JPhysiol,489 (Pt 2), 529-543.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Jen, P. H., and Zhang, J. (2000), "The Role of Gabaergic Inhibition on Direction-Dependent Sharpening of Frequency Tuning in Bat Inferior Collicular Neurons," Brain Res,862,127-137.
Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Auditory Localization Pathway of the Barn Owl," J Comp Physiol [A],185,305-321.
Knudsen, E. I., Zheng, W., and DeBello, W. M. (2000), "Traces of Learning in the Auditory Localization Pathway," Proc Natl Acad Sci US A,97,11815-11820.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Laurie, D. J., Wisden, W., and Seeburg, P. H. (1992), "The Distribution of Thirteen Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in the Rat Brain. Iii. Embryonic and Postnatal Development," JNeurosci,12,4151-4172.
Leon, M. I., Poytress, B. S., and Weinberger, N. M. (2008), "Avoidance Learning Facilitates Temporal Processing in the Primary Auditory Cortex," Neurobiol Learn Mem,90,347-357.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1073-1074,131-138.
Masterton, R. B., and Imig, T. J. (1984), "Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization," Annual review of physiology,46,275-287.
Parsons, C. H., Lanyon, R. G., Schnupp, J. W., and King, A. J. (1999), "Effects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult Ferrets," Journal of neurophysiology,82,2294-2309.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Petrosini, L., et al. (2009), "On Whether the Environmental Enrichment May Provide Cognitive and Brain Reserves," Brain Res Rev,61,221-239.
Philpot, B. D., Sekhar, A. K., Shouval, H. Z., and Bear, M. F. (2001), "Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex," Neuron,29,157-169.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999a), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999b), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Sale, A., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2009), "Enrich the Environment to Empower the Brain," Trends Neurosci,32,233-239.
Sale, A., et al. (2007), "Environmental Enrichment in Adulthood Promotes Amblyopia Recovery through a Reduction of Intracortical Inhibition," Nature Neuroscience,10, 679-681.
Sale, A., et al. (2004), "Enriched Environment and Acceleration of Visual System Development," Neuropharmacology,47,649-660.
Seidl, A. H., and Grothe, B. (2005), "Development of Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Mongolian Gerbil Is Shaped by Early Acoustic Experience," Journal of neurophysiology,94,1028-1036.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E.J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Stecker, G. C., Mickey, B. J., Macpherson, E. A., and Middlebrooks, J. C. (2003), "Spatial Sensitivity in Field Paf of Cat Auditory Cortex," JNeurophysiol,89, 2889-2903.
Sun, W., et al. (2005), "Changes in Nmda Receptor Expression in Auditory Cortex after Learning," Neurosci Lett,374,63-68.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (2000), "Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment," Nat Rev Neurosci,1,191-198.
Weinberger, N. M. (2007), "Auditory Associative Memory and Representational Plasticity in the Primary Auditory Cortex," Hear Res,229,54-68.
Weinberger, N. M., Miasnikov, A. A., and Chen, J. C. (2009), "Sensory Memory Consolidation Observed:Increased Specificity of Detail over Days," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,273-286.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity," Physiology & behavior,73, 649-658.
Wu, S. H., Ma, C. L., and Kelly, J. B. (2004), "Contribution of Ampa, Nmda, and Gaba(a) Receptors to Temporal Pattern of Postsynaptic Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat," J Neurosci,24,4625-4634.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Continuous White Noise Exposure Alters Auditory Spatial Sensitivity and Expression of Gad65 and Gabaa Receptor Subunits in Rat Auditory Cortex," Cereb Cortex,20,804-812.
Zhang, H., Cai, R., Zhang, J., P., Y, and Sun, X. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Enhances Directional Selectivity of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rats.," Neurosci Lett,463,162-165.
Zhang, L. I., Bao, S., and Merzenich, M. M. (2002), "Disruption of Primary Auditory Cortex by Synchronous Auditory Inputs During a Critical Period," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,99,2309-2314.
Zhou, X., and Merzenich, M. M. (2007), "Intensive Training in Adults Refines A1 Representations Degraded in an Early Postnatal Critical Period," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104,15935-15940.
Zhou, X., and Sun, X. (2006), "Sound Azimuth Selectivity of Inferior Collicular Neurons in Juvenile Bats, Myotis Chinensis," Neuroreport,17,1411-1415.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触NR2A表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512。
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2AmRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408。
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学 杂志,19,177-181。
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085。
张凌,吴秀梅,徐风,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569。
Baro, J. A., Lehmkuhle, S., and Kratz, K. E. (1990), "Electroretinograms and Visual Evoked Potentials in Long-Term Monocularly Deprived Cats," Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,31,1405-1409.
Bi, C., et al. (2006), "The Effect of Early Auditory Deprivation on the Age-Dependent Expression Pattern of NR2B Mrna in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1110, 30-38.
Bartoletti, A., Medini, P., Berardi, N., and Maffei, L. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Prevents Effects of Dark-Rearing in the Rat Visual Cortex," Nature Neuroscience,7,215-216.
Bezard, E., et al. (2003), "Enriched Environment Confers Resistance to 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine and Cocaine:Involvement of Dopamine Transporter and Trophic Factors," JNeurosci,23,10999-11007.
Cai, R., et al. (2009), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavioral Performance and Auditory Spatial Representation of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Rat," Neurobiol Learn Mem,91,366-376.
Cancedda, L., et al. (2004), "Acceleration of Visual System Development by Environmental Enrichment," JNeurosci,24,4840-4848.
Ciucci, F., et al. (2007), "Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) Mediates the Effects of Enriched Environment (Ee) on Visual Cortical Development," PLoS One,2, e475.
Cui, Y., Zhang, J., Cai, R., and Sun, X. (2009), "Early Auditory Experience-Induced Composition/Ratio Changes of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression and Effects of D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Chronic Blockade in Rat Auditory Cortex," J Neurosci Res,87,1123-1134.
Cummings, J. L. (2004), "Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease:Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches," Rev Neurol Dis,1,60-69.
Dahlqvist, P., et al. (1999), "Environmental Enrichment Alters Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Gene a and Glucocorticoid Receptor Messenger Rna Expression after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats," Neuroscience,93,527-535.
Engineer, N. D., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Improves Response Strength, Threshold, Selectivity, and Latency of Auditory Cortex Neurons," Journal of neurophysiology,92,73-82.
Faherty, C. J., Raviie Shepherd, K., Herasimtschuk, A., and Smeyne, R. J. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment in Adulthood Eliminates Neuronal Death in Experimental Parkinsonism," Brain Res Mol Brain Res,134,170-179.
Fine, I., et al. (2003), "Long-Term Deprivation Affects Visual Perception and Cortex," Nat Neurosci,6,915-916.
Glenner, G. G., and Wong, C. W. (1984), "Alzheimer's Disease:Initial Report of the Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cerebrovascular Amyloid Protein," Biochem Biophys Res Commun,120,885-890.
Gobbo, O. L., and O'Mara, S. M. (2004), "Impact of Enriched-Environment Housing on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and on Cognitive Performance after a Transient Global Ischemia," Behav Brain Res,152,231-241.
Harauzov, A., et al., "Reducing Intracortical Inhibition in the Adult Visual Cortex Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity," J Neurosci,30,361-371.
Hartmann, B., et al. (2004), "The Ampa Receptor Subunits Glur-a and Glur-B Reciprocally Modulate Spinal Synaptic Plasticity and Inflammatory Pain,"Neuron,44, 637-650.
He, H. Y., Hodos, W., and Quinlan, E. M. (2006), "Visual Deprivation Reactivates Rapid Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Adult Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,26, 2951-2955.
Hebb, D. O. (1947), "The Effects of Early Experience on Problem Solving at Maturity," The American psychologist,2,306-307.
Hensch, T. K. (2005), "Critical Period Plasticity in Local Cortical Circuits," Nat Rev Neurosci,6,877-888.
Hockly, E., et al. (2002), "Environmental Enrichment Slows Disease Progression in R6/2 Huntington's Disease Mice," Ann Neurol,51,235-242.
Huang, Z. J., et al. (1999), "Bdnf Regulates the Maturation of Inhibition and the Critical Period of Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex," Cell,98,739-755.
Huntsman, M. M., Isackson, P. J., and Jones, E. G. (1994), "Lamina-Specific Expression and Activity-Dependent Regulation of Seven Gabaa Receptor Subunit Mrnas in Monkey Visual Cortex," J Neurosci,14,2236-2259.
Jankowsky, J. L., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease," J Neurosci,25,5217-5224.
Jolkkonen, J., Gallagher, N. P., Zilles, K., and Sivenius, J. (2003), "Behavioral Deficits and Recovery Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Glutamatergic and Gabaergic Receptor Densities," Behav Brain Res,138,187-200.
Kang, J., et al. (1987), "The Precursor of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid A4 Protein Resembles a Cell-Surface Receptor," Nature,325,733-736.
Landi, S., et al. (2007), "Retinal Functional Development Is Sensitive to Environmental Enrichment:A Role for Bdnf," Faseb J,21,130-139.
Lazarov, O., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Reduces Abeta Levels and Amyloid Deposition in Transgenic Mice," Cell,120,701-713.
Lazic, S. E., et al. (2006), "Neurogenesis in the R6/1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease:Effects of Environmental Enrichment," Eur J Neurosci,23, 1829-1838.
Levi, O., Jongen-Relo, A. L., Feldon, J., Roses, A. D., and Michaelson, D. M. (2003), "Apoe4 Impairs Hippocampal Plasticity Isoform-Specifically and Blocks the Environmental Stimulation of Synaptogenesis and Memory," Neurobiol Dis,13, 273-282.
Lu, J., et al. (2007), "Early Auditory Deprivation Alters Expression of Nmda Receptor Subunit NR1 mRNA in the Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of Neuroscience Research,86,1290-1296.
Masters, C. L., et al. (1985), "Amyloid Plaque Core Protein in Alzheimer Disease and Down Syndrome," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,82,4245-4249.
Mao, Y., Zang, S., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2006), "Early Chronic Blockade of Nr2b Subunits and Transient Activation of Nmda Receptors Modulate Ltp in Mouse Maffei, L., and Fiorentini, A. (1982), "Electroretinographic Responses to Alternating Gratings in the Cat," Exp Brain Res,48,327-334.
Maya Vetencourt, J. F., et al. (2008), "The Antidepressant Fluoxetine Restores Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex," Science,320,385-388.
Morishita, H., and Hensch, T. K. (2008), "Critical Period Revisited:Impact on Vision," Curr Opin Neurobiol,18,101-107.
Ozaki, M., Sasner, M., Yano, R., Lu, H. S., and Buonanno, A. (1997), "Neuregulin-Beta Induces Expression of an Nmda-Receptor Subunit," Nature,390, 691-694.
Padovani, A., Costanzi, C., Gilberti, N., and Borroni, B. (2006), "Parkinson's Disease and Dementia," Neurol Sci,27 Suppl 1, S40-43.
Pang, T. Y, Stam, N. C., Nithianantharajah, J., Howard, M. L., and Hannan, A. J. (2006), "Differential Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on Behavioral and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression Deficits in Huntington's Disease Transgenic Mice," Neuroscience,141,569-584.
Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2005), "Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Journal of neurophysiology,94,3590-3600.
Percaccio, C. R., Pruette, A. L., Mistry, S. T., Chen, Y. H., and Kilgard, M. P. (2007), "Sensory Experience Determines Enrichment-Induced Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex," Brain Research,1174,76-91.
Quinlan, E. M., Olstein, D. H., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Bidirectional, Experience-Dependent Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Composition in the Rat Visual Cortex During Postnatal Development," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,12876-12880.
Quinlan, E. M., Philpot, B. D., Huganir, R. L., and Bear, M. F. (1999), "Rapid, Experience-Dependent Expression of Synaptic Nmda Receptors in Visual Cortex in Vivo," Nat Neurosci,2,352-357.
Rampon, C., et al. (2000), "Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Gene Expression in the Brain," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97,12880-12884.
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1966), "Environmental Complexity, Cerebral Change, and Behavior," Am Psychol,21,321-332.
Rosenzweig, M. R., and Bennett, E. L. (1969), "Effects of Differential Environments on Brain Weights and Enzyme Activities in Gerbils, Rats, and Mice," Dev Psychobiol, 2,87-95.
Roberts, E. L., Jr., Wisotzky, D., and Chih, C. P. (1998), "Aging and the Effects of Mk-801 on Anoxic Damage in Rat Hippocampal Slices," Brain Res,791,321-324.
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., Hebert, M., and Morimoto, H. (1978), "Social Grouping Cannot Account for Cerebral Effects of Enriched Environments," Brain Res, 153,563-576.
Rutter, M., Moffitt, T. E., and Caspi, A. (2006), "Gene-Environment Interplay and Psychopathology:Multiple Varieties but Real Effects," J Child Psychol Psychiatry,47, 226-261.
Sale, A., et al. (2004), "Enriched Environment and Acceleration of Visual System Development," Neuropharmacology,47,649-660.
Shum, F. W., et al. (2007), "Alteration of Cingulate Long-Term Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Inflammation by Environmental Enrichment," Learning & memory,14,304-312.
Singh, T. D., Basham, M. E., Nordeen, E. J., and Nordeen, K. W. (2000), "Early Sensory and Hormonal Experience Modulate Age-Related Changes in Nr2b Mrna within a Forebrain Region Controlling Avian Vocal Learning," JNeurobiol,44,82-94.
Spires, T. L., et al. (2004), "Environmental Enrichment Rescues Protein Deficits in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease, Indicating a Possible Disease Mechanism," J Neurosci,24,2270-2276.
Tanzi, R. E., et al. (1987), "Amyloid Beta Protein Gene:Cdna, Mrna Distribution, and Genetic Linkage near the Alzheimer Locus," Science,235,880-884.
Udin, S. B., and Scherer, W. J. (1990), "Restoration of the Plasticity of Binocular Maps by Nmda after the Critical Period in Xenopus," Science,249,669-672.
van Dellen, A., Blakemore, C., Deacon, R., York, D., and Hannan, A. J. (2000), "Delaying the Onset of Huntington's in Mice," Nature,404,721-722.
Wexler, N. S., et al. (2004), "Venezuelan Kindreds Reveal That Genetic and Environmental Factors Modulate Huntington's Disease Age of Onset," Proc Natl Acad SciU S A,101,3498-3503.
Wiesel, T. N., and Hubel, D. H. (1963), "Single-Cell Responses in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye," JNeurophysiol,26,1003-1017.
Williams, B. M., et al. (2001), "Environmental Enrichment:Effects on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Creb Immunoreactivity,"Physiol Behav,73,649-658.
Xu, F., Cai, R., Xu, J., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2007), "Early Music Exposure Modifies Glur2 Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex," Neuroscience Letter,420,179-183.
Xu, J., Yu, L., Cai, R., Zhang, J., and Sun, X. (2008), "Early Auditory Enrichment with Music Enhances Auditory Discrimination Learning and Alters Nr2b Protein Expression in Rat Auditory Cortex," Behavioural brain research.
Yazaki-Sugiyama, Y., Kang, S., Cateau, H., Fukai, T., and Hensch, T. K. (2009), "Bidirectional Plasticity in Fast-Spiking Gaba Circuits by Visual Experience," Nature, 462,218-221.
Zheng, W., and Knudsen, E. I. (1999), "Functional Selection of Adaptive Auditory Space Map by Gabaa-Mediated Inhibition," Science,284,962-965.
夏寅,等.(2009),”隔音后听觉重塑模型中听皮质突触nr2a表达的变化,”临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,11,508—512.
崔一蕾,卢静萍,吴芳,董素珍,孙心德.(2002),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2BmRNA年龄-依赖性表达,”中国神经科学杂志,18,405—408.
卢静萍,等.(2003),”大鼠生后发育中听皮层NR1 mRNA的表达,”中国神经科学杂志,19,177-181.
吴秀梅,等.(2006),”生后早期听觉剥夺、经验改变大鼠听皮层NMDA受体NR2B蛋白表达,”生物化学与生物物理学进展,33,1080-1085.
张凌,吴秀梅,徐凤,许兢宏,孙心德.(2005),”大鼠听皮质NMDA受体亚单位NR2B蛋白质的年龄-依赖性表达,”解剖学通报,28,566—569.