分段进水多级生物膜反应器脱氮效能与动力学模型仿真研究
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摘要
针对部分城镇污水处理厂进水碳氮比较低,反硝化碳源不足和碳源有效利用率低,脱氮效果不理想等问题,以研发城镇污水高效脱氮工艺为目标,开发出分段进水多级生物膜反应器。通过分点进水数量、容积分配和流量分配等进水方式对脱氮效能的影响研究,确定了多级生物膜反应器较佳的分段进水方式,提高了碳源的利用率。在此基础上,对影响多级生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化脱氮的关键因素:溶解氧(DO)、负荷、碱度及温度等进行了系统研究,得出了系统高效脱氮的关键参数。同时,建立了分段进水多级生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化动力学模型,并采用Java软件进行了编程仿真。应用该模型的计算机仿真,可根据不同进水水质和处理目标,确定反应器级数,分段进水流量分配比及关键设计参数,为反应器的科学优化设计提供了强有力的理论依据。研究得出如下主要研究结论:
①反应器填料筛选试验表明:在相同试验条件下,采用悬浮填料和半软性组合填料的反应器总氮去除率分别为70%和69.4%,填料种类对反应器脱氮效果无显著影响,工程中建议采用防堵性能较好的半软性组合填料。
②分段进水方式研究表明:分点进水数量、容积分配和流量分配对反应器脱氮效能影响显著。在水温为25℃、溶解氧为5mg/L、挂膜密度为30%、有机负荷为1.2kgCOD/m~3.d和氮负荷为0.22kgTN/m~3.d的条件下,采用第1、3、6级分段进水和2:2:1的流量分配方式时,可使COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为205mg/L、32.5mg/L和36.8mg/L的城镇污水,出水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为38mg/L、1.5mg/L和11.1mg/L,去除率分别为80%、95.3%和69.2%,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A类排放标准。
③脱氮效能影响因素研究表明:DO、负荷、碱度及温度对反应器脱氮效能影响显著。当水温为15～20℃时,负荷由0.5kgCOD/m~3.d和0.14kgTN/m~3.d增加至1.5kgCOD/m~3.d和0.38kgTN/m~3.d时,硝化速率和反硝化速率分别由4.7gN/m~3.h和3.9gN/m~3.h,增加至11.8gN/m~3.h和8.8gN/m~3.h;同时硝化反硝化过程使系统碱度得到及时补充,使反应器中碱度保持在较高的水平,有利于反应器脱氮。水温≥15℃时,温度对同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果影响较小;当水温≤15℃时,硝化速率受温度的影响较显著,温度由15℃降低至5℃时,硝化速率由10.8gN/m~3.h下降至6.2gN/m~3.h,下降43%,反硝化速率由7.3gN/m~3.h下降至4.4gN/m~3.h,下降40%。
④在试验基础上,建立了分段进水多级生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化动力学模型:
⑤同时硝化反硝化模型的计算机仿真研究表明:为了使COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为300mg/L、50mg/L和60mg/L的城镇污水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A类排放标准,分段进水多级生物膜反应器最佳的反应器级数应为8级,各级的进水流量分配百分比分别为35%、15%、10%、15%、10%、10%、10%和0%,所需的水力停留时间≥7h。
上述研究结果为分段进水多级生物膜反应器的工程应用提供了科学依据,为城镇污水处理提供了新途径,具有重要的理论意义及实用价值。
According to the problems that water sewage treatment plants in some cities and towns are in low carbon-nitrogen ratio, lack of carbon source for denitrification, low effective utilization of carbon source and non-ideal condition of nitrogen removal effect, aiming at the goal to develop the urban sewage efficient nitrogen removal technology, Step Feed Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor is developed. Through the study on the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency by the number of Step-feed point, volume distribution and flow distribution, and so on, Step Feed mode of Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor is established which increased the utilization of carbon sources. On this basis, A systematic study is made on the impact of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor such as dissolved oxygen (DO), load, ALK and temperature ,then the key parameters in systematic efficient nitrogen removal is obtained. At the same time, dynamic model of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor is established, and use the Java software for programming simulation. Applied the model of computer simulation, and according to the different water treatment and water quality objectives ,the model can identify reactor series, step-feed flow ratio and distribution of key design parameters of the simulation which provides a powerful tool for scientific designing optimization of the reactor . Major conclusions of the study are as follows:
①The screening test of packing in the reactors indicates that:under the same test conditions, the total nitrogen removal rate of reactor used suspended packing and semi-soft combined packing are respectively 70% and 69.4%, while it has no significant effect on nitrogen removal, and semi-soft combined packing which has a better anti-blocking performance is suggested in the engineering.
②The study of Step-feed indicates that: the number of Step-feed point, volume distribution and flow distribution have significant impact on the performance of nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor. Under the condition of water temperature at 25℃, dissolved oxygen of 5mg/L, the biofilm density of the reactor of 30 percent, organic load of 1.2kgCOD/m~3.d, nitrogen load of 0.22kgTN/m~3.d, using section 1, 3, 6 Step-feed with 2:2:1 flow rate distribution can treat COD, NH_4~+-N and TN from 205mg/L、32.5mg/L and 36.8mg/L to 38mg/L, 1.5mg/Land 11.1mg/L respectively, with the removal rate respectively 80%, 95.3% and 69.2%, which achieved the A in first grade discharge standard of“Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002).
③The study of influencing factors of nitrogen removal efficiency indicates that: DO, load, temperature and alkalinity of the reactor affected the performance of nitrogen removal efficiency significantly, when the temperature is between 15℃and 20℃, the load increases from 0.5kgCOD/m~3.d and 0.14kgTN/m~3.d to 1.5kgCOD/m~3.d 0.38kgTN/m~3.d, nitrification rate and denitrification rate increased from 4.7gN/m~3.h and 3.9gN/m~3.h to 11.8gN/m~3.h and 8.8gN/m~3.h respectively. The process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification decrease nitrification rate and denitrification rate of the system, when the water temperature is up 15℃, temperature has little influence on nitrogen removal efficiency in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process; when the water temperature is below 15℃, nitrification rate is affected by the temperature notably; while the temperature declines from 15℃to 5℃, nitrification rate decreases from 10.8gN/m~3.h to 6.2gN/m~3.h, declined about 43 percent, and denitrification rate decreases from 7.3gN/m~3.h to 4.4gN/m~3.h, declined about 40 percent.
④On this basis, dynamic model of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor is established.
⑤The study on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification model of computer simulation indicates that: in order to make the municipal sewage (COD、NH_4~+-N and TN is respectively 300mg/L、50mg/L and 60mg/L) reach the A in first grade discharge standard of“Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002), for optimum reaction series the step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor should be 8 series, and the water flow at all levels allocated to the respective percentages is 35%, 15%, 10%, 15% , 10%, 10%, 10% and 0%, and HRT≥7h.
The results of the study provides a scientific basis for the Engineering application of step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor and a new way for urban sewage treatment. It has an important practical value and practical significance.
①反应器填料筛选试验表明:在相同试验条件下,采用悬浮填料和半软性组合填料的反应器总氮去除率分别为70%和69.4%,填料种类对反应器脱氮效果无显著影响,工程中建议采用防堵性能较好的半软性组合填料。
②分段进水方式研究表明:分点进水数量、容积分配和流量分配对反应器脱氮效能影响显著。在水温为25℃、溶解氧为5mg/L、挂膜密度为30%、有机负荷为1.2kgCOD/m~3.d和氮负荷为0.22kgTN/m~3.d的条件下,采用第1、3、6级分段进水和2:2:1的流量分配方式时,可使COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为205mg/L、32.5mg/L和36.8mg/L的城镇污水,出水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为38mg/L、1.5mg/L和11.1mg/L,去除率分别为80%、95.3%和69.2%,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A类排放标准。
③脱氮效能影响因素研究表明:DO、负荷、碱度及温度对反应器脱氮效能影响显著。当水温为15～20℃时,负荷由0.5kgCOD/m~3.d和0.14kgTN/m~3.d增加至1.5kgCOD/m~3.d和0.38kgTN/m~3.d时,硝化速率和反硝化速率分别由4.7gN/m~3.h和3.9gN/m~3.h,增加至11.8gN/m~3.h和8.8gN/m~3.h;同时硝化反硝化过程使系统碱度得到及时补充,使反应器中碱度保持在较高的水平,有利于反应器脱氮。水温≥15℃时,温度对同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果影响较小;当水温≤15℃时,硝化速率受温度的影响较显著,温度由15℃降低至5℃时,硝化速率由10.8gN/m~3.h下降至6.2gN/m~3.h,下降43%,反硝化速率由7.3gN/m~3.h下降至4.4gN/m~3.h,下降40%。
④在试验基础上,建立了分段进水多级生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化动力学模型:
⑤同时硝化反硝化模型的计算机仿真研究表明:为了使COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别为300mg/L、50mg/L和60mg/L的城镇污水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A类排放标准,分段进水多级生物膜反应器最佳的反应器级数应为8级,各级的进水流量分配百分比分别为35%、15%、10%、15%、10%、10%、10%和0%,所需的水力停留时间≥7h。
上述研究结果为分段进水多级生物膜反应器的工程应用提供了科学依据,为城镇污水处理提供了新途径,具有重要的理论意义及实用价值。
According to the problems that water sewage treatment plants in some cities and towns are in low carbon-nitrogen ratio, lack of carbon source for denitrification, low effective utilization of carbon source and non-ideal condition of nitrogen removal effect, aiming at the goal to develop the urban sewage efficient nitrogen removal technology, Step Feed Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor is developed. Through the study on the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency by the number of Step-feed point, volume distribution and flow distribution, and so on, Step Feed mode of Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor is established which increased the utilization of carbon sources. On this basis, A systematic study is made on the impact of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in Multi-stage Biofilm Reactor such as dissolved oxygen (DO), load, ALK and temperature ,then the key parameters in systematic efficient nitrogen removal is obtained. At the same time, dynamic model of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor is established, and use the Java software for programming simulation. Applied the model of computer simulation, and according to the different water treatment and water quality objectives ,the model can identify reactor series, step-feed flow ratio and distribution of key design parameters of the simulation which provides a powerful tool for scientific designing optimization of the reactor . Major conclusions of the study are as follows:
①The screening test of packing in the reactors indicates that:under the same test conditions, the total nitrogen removal rate of reactor used suspended packing and semi-soft combined packing are respectively 70% and 69.4%, while it has no significant effect on nitrogen removal, and semi-soft combined packing which has a better anti-blocking performance is suggested in the engineering.
②The study of Step-feed indicates that: the number of Step-feed point, volume distribution and flow distribution have significant impact on the performance of nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor. Under the condition of water temperature at 25℃, dissolved oxygen of 5mg/L, the biofilm density of the reactor of 30 percent, organic load of 1.2kgCOD/m~3.d, nitrogen load of 0.22kgTN/m~3.d, using section 1, 3, 6 Step-feed with 2:2:1 flow rate distribution can treat COD, NH_4~+-N and TN from 205mg/L、32.5mg/L and 36.8mg/L to 38mg/L, 1.5mg/Land 11.1mg/L respectively, with the removal rate respectively 80%, 95.3% and 69.2%, which achieved the A in first grade discharge standard of“Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002).
③The study of influencing factors of nitrogen removal efficiency indicates that: DO, load, temperature and alkalinity of the reactor affected the performance of nitrogen removal efficiency significantly, when the temperature is between 15℃and 20℃, the load increases from 0.5kgCOD/m~3.d and 0.14kgTN/m~3.d to 1.5kgCOD/m~3.d 0.38kgTN/m~3.d, nitrification rate and denitrification rate increased from 4.7gN/m~3.h and 3.9gN/m~3.h to 11.8gN/m~3.h and 8.8gN/m~3.h respectively. The process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification decrease nitrification rate and denitrification rate of the system, when the water temperature is up 15℃, temperature has little influence on nitrogen removal efficiency in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process; when the water temperature is below 15℃, nitrification rate is affected by the temperature notably; while the temperature declines from 15℃to 5℃, nitrification rate decreases from 10.8gN/m~3.h to 6.2gN/m~3.h, declined about 43 percent, and denitrification rate decreases from 7.3gN/m~3.h to 4.4gN/m~3.h, declined about 40 percent.
④On this basis, dynamic model of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor is established.
⑤The study on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification model of computer simulation indicates that: in order to make the municipal sewage (COD、NH_4~+-N and TN is respectively 300mg/L、50mg/L and 60mg/L) reach the A in first grade discharge standard of“Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002), for optimum reaction series the step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor should be 8 series, and the water flow at all levels allocated to the respective percentages is 35%, 15%, 10%, 15% , 10%, 10%, 10% and 0%, and HRT≥7h.
The results of the study provides a scientific basis for the Engineering application of step feed multi-stage biofilm reactor and a new way for urban sewage treatment. It has an important practical value and practical significance.
引文
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