机械系统模糊可靠性优化设计研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的发展,可靠性工程越来越为世界各国所重视。产品的可靠性直接影响产品的使用性能,从而影响产品的竞争能力。努力提高产品的可靠性,可以有效地防止故障和事故的频繁发生,特别是灾难性事故的发生,也可以避免开发产品时频繁的“事后更改”现象,从而缩短开发周期、节约开发成本、降低维修费,提高产品的竞争能力。
随着对可靠性研究的不断深入,人们发现许多工程实际问题不仅存在随机因素,也广泛地存在模糊性因素,将模糊理论引入可靠性研究,用模糊可靠性的研究方法解决问题是当前工程实际的要求。机械模糊可靠性优化设计是对涉及机械工程中的优化问题过程中存在的各类模糊因素进行优化分析。
本文对机械系统进行可靠性分析时,将模糊数学理论与故障树理论相结合提出模糊故障树分析的全部过程,并且将模糊综合评判与FMECA结合提出了故障模式与影响的模糊分析。
在研究可靠性理论和模糊数学的基础上,将模糊可靠性方法应用到机械结构及零部件的优化设计中。设计过程包括建立实际问题的优化数学模型；将可靠性指标及其它约束条件看做模糊因素；将这些模糊约束条件转化成普通约束,即把模糊可靠性优化设计问题转化成普通优化设计问题；用Matlab遗传算法优化工具箱进行求解,得到最优的设计方案。
此外对已设计的机械系统可靠度进行预测也是进行可靠性分析的一种分析方法。在对结构模型进行可靠性分析时,考虑外载荷、材料强度、构件尺寸、边界条件和加工公差等基本变量由于测量误差等各种随机因素的影响,采用概率有限元法进行计算。直接使用ANSYS软件的参数化设计语言APDL来对零件进行建模和划分网格,然后使用蒙特卡罗法进行可靠性分析,生成可靠性分析文件。
With the scientific and technological development, Reliability engineering is increasingly being valued by the world. The reliability of products directly affect the function of products, thus affecting the competitiveness of products. Efforts to improve product reliability, can effectively prevent frequent breakdowns and accidents, especially the catastrophic accident occurred, also avoid the frequent development of products, "after change" phenomenon, the maintaining expense is saved and the developing perid is shortened for raising product's reliability, the failure rate of product is decreased and the competitiveness of product is improved.
With the deepening of the reliability of the study, people found many practical engineering problems not only exist random factors, are also widely exist in fuzzy factor, the reliability of the fuzzy theory is introduced, with the fuzzy reliability of research methods to solve the problem is the current engineering practice requirements. Mechanical design of fuzzy reliability optimization is involved in mechanical engineering in the process of optimization problems that exist in the fuzzy factor is optimized.
In this paper, the reliability of mechanical system analysis, fuzzy theory is combined with fault tree, fuzzy fault tree analysis of the whole process is proposed,and combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with FMECA, the failure mode and effects fuzzy analysis is proposed.
Fuzzy reliability method based on reliability theory and fuzzy math is applied to optimization design of mechanical structure and part. Main jobs are done, establishing the mathematic model of practical problem,regarding the reliability and other constraints as fuzzy factor, transforming these special constraints into ordinary ones and then solving ordinary optimization design by Genetic Algorithm Optimization Toolbox in Matlab Optimization Toolbox, obtaining the optimal design.
In addition, predicting the reliability of the design of the mechanical system is also a method of the reliability analysis. In the reliability analysis model, considering loading, material strength, scantlings, boundary condition and processing tolerances, and other basic variables are influned by measurements errors and other random factors. Probability finite element method were used. ANSYS parametric design language is used to model and mesh the part, and then the Monte Carlo method is used for reliability analysis, reliability analysis files is generated.
随着对可靠性研究的不断深入,人们发现许多工程实际问题不仅存在随机因素,也广泛地存在模糊性因素,将模糊理论引入可靠性研究,用模糊可靠性的研究方法解决问题是当前工程实际的要求。机械模糊可靠性优化设计是对涉及机械工程中的优化问题过程中存在的各类模糊因素进行优化分析。
本文对机械系统进行可靠性分析时,将模糊数学理论与故障树理论相结合提出模糊故障树分析的全部过程,并且将模糊综合评判与FMECA结合提出了故障模式与影响的模糊分析。
在研究可靠性理论和模糊数学的基础上,将模糊可靠性方法应用到机械结构及零部件的优化设计中。设计过程包括建立实际问题的优化数学模型；将可靠性指标及其它约束条件看做模糊因素；将这些模糊约束条件转化成普通约束,即把模糊可靠性优化设计问题转化成普通优化设计问题；用Matlab遗传算法优化工具箱进行求解,得到最优的设计方案。
此外对已设计的机械系统可靠度进行预测也是进行可靠性分析的一种分析方法。在对结构模型进行可靠性分析时,考虑外载荷、材料强度、构件尺寸、边界条件和加工公差等基本变量由于测量误差等各种随机因素的影响,采用概率有限元法进行计算。直接使用ANSYS软件的参数化设计语言APDL来对零件进行建模和划分网格,然后使用蒙特卡罗法进行可靠性分析,生成可靠性分析文件。
With the scientific and technological development, Reliability engineering is increasingly being valued by the world. The reliability of products directly affect the function of products, thus affecting the competitiveness of products. Efforts to improve product reliability, can effectively prevent frequent breakdowns and accidents, especially the catastrophic accident occurred, also avoid the frequent development of products, "after change" phenomenon, the maintaining expense is saved and the developing perid is shortened for raising product's reliability, the failure rate of product is decreased and the competitiveness of product is improved.
With the deepening of the reliability of the study, people found many practical engineering problems not only exist random factors, are also widely exist in fuzzy factor, the reliability of the fuzzy theory is introduced, with the fuzzy reliability of research methods to solve the problem is the current engineering practice requirements. Mechanical design of fuzzy reliability optimization is involved in mechanical engineering in the process of optimization problems that exist in the fuzzy factor is optimized.
In this paper, the reliability of mechanical system analysis, fuzzy theory is combined with fault tree, fuzzy fault tree analysis of the whole process is proposed,and combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with FMECA, the failure mode and effects fuzzy analysis is proposed.
Fuzzy reliability method based on reliability theory and fuzzy math is applied to optimization design of mechanical structure and part. Main jobs are done, establishing the mathematic model of practical problem,regarding the reliability and other constraints as fuzzy factor, transforming these special constraints into ordinary ones and then solving ordinary optimization design by Genetic Algorithm Optimization Toolbox in Matlab Optimization Toolbox, obtaining the optimal design.
In addition, predicting the reliability of the design of the mechanical system is also a method of the reliability analysis. In the reliability analysis model, considering loading, material strength, scantlings, boundary condition and processing tolerances, and other basic variables are influned by measurements errors and other random factors. Probability finite element method were used. ANSYS parametric design language is used to model and mesh the part, and then the Monte Carlo method is used for reliability analysis, reliability analysis files is generated.
引文
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[2]董玉革编著.机械模糊可靠性设计[M].上海：机械工业出版社,2000
[3]黄洪钟.对常规可靠性理论的批判评述-兼论模糊可靠性理论的产生、发展及应用前景[J].机械设计,1994,(3)：1-5,47
[4]孙靖民主编.现代机械设计方法[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003,87-93
[5]金伟娅,张康达编著.可靠性工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005,154-167
[6]王超,王金等编著.机械可靠性工程[M].北京：冶金出版社,1992,494-500
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[8]陈水利,李敬功,王向公编著.模糊理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[9]安宗文.机械模糊可靠性设计理论研究与应用[兰州理工大学硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学机电学院,2003,8-11
[10]巫少龙.机械模糊可靠性优化设计研究[浙江工业大学硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江工业大学机电学院,2004,41-43
[11]C.H.C heng and D.L Mon.Fuzzy system reliability analysis by confidence in-terval.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,56 (1993):51-55
[12]Don Lin Mon and Ching Hsre Cheng.Fuzzy system reliability analysis for co-mponents with different membership function.Fuzzy sets and systems, 65(1994):145-147
[13]T.Onisawa.Fuzzy theory in reliability analysis.Fuzzy sets andsystems,1983, 29(1989):250-257
[14]李青,陆廷金.模糊重要度分析方法研究[J].模糊系统学,2000,14(1)：91-95
[15]张家梁.缆索涂装机器人模糊故障树分析[J].上海交通大学学报2003,37(11)：62-65
[16]陈义军,吴克坚.机械传动系统设计方案的模糊综合评判[J].机械制造与研究,2004,33(5)：11-14
[17]姚玉成,赵静一.液压系统模糊故障树分析方法研究[J].中国机械工程,程2007,18(14)：1656-1659
[18]黄华梁,赵小莲,李小周.甘蔗压榨机系统可靠性的失效模式影响模糊评估分析[J].中国机械工程,2002,13.(19)：1669-1672
[19]Huang.H-Z.Fussy multi-objective optimization decision making of reliability sysytem.Microelectronics and Reliability,1997,37(3):427-449
[20]Rao s s.Muti-objeetive Optimiation of fuzzy structual System.Int, J. Nmuber, Methods in Eng.1987,24.1158-1170
[21]Shiraishi N,Furuta H.Reliability ananlysis based on fuzzy probability,J. Eng.Mech,1983,109(6):32-38
[22]陈伦军主编.机械优化设计遗传算法[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006,144-154
[23]王小平,曹立明主编.遗传算法理论、应用及软件实现[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2002
[24]刘鹤松,姜晶.基于MATLAB机械优化设计[J].煤矿机械,2005,31.(1)：22-27
[25]于玲,贾春强.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱函数及应用举例[J].机械工程师,2004,11：27-28
[26]雷英杰,张善文,等编著.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005,146-207
[27]梁尚明,殷国富主编.现代机械优化设计方法[M].北京：化学工业出版社,社2005,264-293
[28]黄洪钟.模糊故障树理论及其在机械系统可靠性分析中的应用研究[J].可靠性工程,1994,1-4
[29]陈连.基于模糊准则的机械系统可靠性理论及应用的研究[J].机械设计,1995,12(9)：62-65
[30]额田启三(日).机械可靠性与故障分析[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2007
[31]朱文予,陈心昭,董玉革.机械模糊可靠性计算方法研究[J].系统工程学报,2000,15(1)：7-12
[32]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社出版社,2004,390-396
[33]Shu-chengFang.Muti-objective oPtimization Problems With fuzzy relation equation constraints.Mieroelectronies and Reliability 2002 17 (2) 141-165
[34]Fulvio Towon, Alberto Bernardinin.Muiti-objeetive optimization of Uncertai-n Struetres through Fuzzy set and Random set Theory.Computer aided civil and infrastuetur,1994,14119-140
[35]Liu B D、Kakuzo lwamura. Fuzzy programming with fuzzy decisions and simulation-based genetic algorithm. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2001,122: 253-262
[36]Utkin,Iev.v:Gurol,selgeyv.Method to solve fuzzy reliability oPtimization Prob-lem.Mieroelectronies and Reliability,1995,35(2).171-181
[37]濮良贵,纪名刚主编.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001,195-200
[38]成大先主编.机械设计手册-机械传动(单行本)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[39]曹国强,包明宇,高霁.机械设备可靠性的模糊综合评价[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25.(22)
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