补浪河水源地地下水流三维数值模拟
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摘要
补浪河水源地位于陕西省榆林市榆阳区的西部,总面积约950kin~2。该区降水量小,蒸发强烈,生态环境脆弱,水资源总体上相对匮乏且储量不清,区内水资源问题日益突出。为了查清补浪河水源地可持续开发利用的地下水资源总量,为陕北能源化工基地建设提供可靠的水资源支撑,中国地质调查局和陕西省人民政府决定在该区开展地下水勘查。本文在收集大量前人资料及现场调查的基础上,对区内地质、水文地质条件进行了深入分析,采用国际通用的地下水流数值模拟软件——Visual MODFLOW,建立了研究区地下水三维数值模拟模型,对模拟的结果进行了分析,确定了研究区内的可开采水资源量,并根据模拟的结果对水资源的合理开发提出了建议,对研究区的可持续发展具有实际意义。主要内容与结论如下:
(1)使用均衡法对研究区的水资源量进行了计算,结果表明区内第四系松散层潜水的天然补给量为279031.63m~3/d,排泄量为313108.97m~3/d,均衡期内地下水处于负均衡状态。
(2)采用系统理论法建立起了海流兔河流量与降雨量、人工开采量之间关系的集中参数模型,为未来条件下海流兔河及相邻地区河流的流量预测奠定了基础;采用经验频率法计算出区内97%保证率下的引泉开采量为110592m~3/d。
(3)对模拟区的水文地质条件进行了深入分析,建立了符合实际条件的补浪河水源地水文地质概念模型,在此基础上概化出了地下水流数学模型,并且根据钻孔及物探资料,建立了研究区的含水层结构模型。
(4)利用国际上通用的地下水流模拟软件Visual MODFLOW,建立了补浪河水源地地下水流三维数值模拟模型。根据观测孔的水位观测资料、河流量实测资料以及水位统测资料对模型进行识别和验证,拟合效果良好。
(5)根据研究区的具体条件,设计了两类开采方式、共8种开采方案,使用所建立的地下水流数值模型对未来20年地下水流场的变化进行了预测。通过对各方案的综合比较,认为宜采用分散式开采方案对区内的地下水资源进行开采。这种开采方式对研究区生态环境不会产生较大影响,同时,对海流兔流量的影响也较小,是一种比较合理的开采方案。经计算,水源地内包括引泉开采量在内的水资源可开采量为139000m~3/d。
Bulanghe water supply field covers an area of 950 km~2 in Yu Lin City of western part of Shanxi Province.This area has a little precipitation,excessive evaporation,vulnerable ecological environment,comparatable lacking and inexplicit groundwater reserve.The problem is gradually outstanding.In order to investigate the total quantity of the groundwater reserve with substainable development using in the bulang river water source,and provides the reliable water resources support for the North Shan'xi energy industry base construction, Chinese geology Investigation Bureau and the Shan'xi Province government decide to carry on a general investigation of ground water.The waters resources problem,as well as each kind of ecological environment problem which produces by it,is prominent day by day in our research area.This article has collected the massive materials and the results of predecessor's research.And the article has analyzed in hydrogeological conditions of the area.It has established the model of the ground water three dimensional numerical simulation by international common software——Visual MODFLOW.According to the simulation result to the water resources,the article proposed a reasonable exploitation suggestion.It has practical significance to studies on the area for the economy can be sustainable development.The results are summarized as following:
(1) The paper use balance model to calculate the phreatic aquifer of Quaternary Lossen soil, which has a current capacity of 287642.232 m~3/d,discharge capacity of 313108.97 m~3/d.The result shows the undergroundwater resource at the minus balance.
(2) The paper use system theory to established a Lumped parameter model among precipitation,discharge of Hailiutu river and exploitable volume.And use experience frequency method to calculate the springwater volume at ensurance of 97%,which is 110592m~3/d,
(3) The paper analyse the hydrogeological condition of Bulanghe.Based on it,established a hydrogeological conception model and undergroundwater numerical model.And the paper also established an aquifer structure model by the data of borehole and geophysical techniques.
(4)The paper use Visual MODFLOW to established the 3D numerical simulation model. And the model is recognized and validated through currents data,which has a perfect effect.The results show that the water flow model which has a high accuracy can be used to predict the groundwater flow.
(5)The paper designes two types of mining processes and eight types of mining schemes, uses the model to predict the changing trend of groundwater flow field.The results show that the phreatic water table is in a drop.At last,the decentralized mining is regarded the appropriate mining scheme.The exploitable groundwater resources of Bulanghe beach is 25000 m~3/d,the exploitable groundwater resources of Liuyingsha is 313108.97m~3/d.The mining scheme is reasonable for it will never make a bad effect on the eco-environment and the water flow capacity of the water source region.
(1)使用均衡法对研究区的水资源量进行了计算,结果表明区内第四系松散层潜水的天然补给量为279031.63m~3/d,排泄量为313108.97m~3/d,均衡期内地下水处于负均衡状态。
(2)采用系统理论法建立起了海流兔河流量与降雨量、人工开采量之间关系的集中参数模型,为未来条件下海流兔河及相邻地区河流的流量预测奠定了基础;采用经验频率法计算出区内97%保证率下的引泉开采量为110592m~3/d。
(3)对模拟区的水文地质条件进行了深入分析,建立了符合实际条件的补浪河水源地水文地质概念模型,在此基础上概化出了地下水流数学模型,并且根据钻孔及物探资料,建立了研究区的含水层结构模型。
(4)利用国际上通用的地下水流模拟软件Visual MODFLOW,建立了补浪河水源地地下水流三维数值模拟模型。根据观测孔的水位观测资料、河流量实测资料以及水位统测资料对模型进行识别和验证,拟合效果良好。
(5)根据研究区的具体条件,设计了两类开采方式、共8种开采方案,使用所建立的地下水流数值模型对未来20年地下水流场的变化进行了预测。通过对各方案的综合比较,认为宜采用分散式开采方案对区内的地下水资源进行开采。这种开采方式对研究区生态环境不会产生较大影响,同时,对海流兔流量的影响也较小,是一种比较合理的开采方案。经计算,水源地内包括引泉开采量在内的水资源可开采量为139000m~3/d。
Bulanghe water supply field covers an area of 950 km~2 in Yu Lin City of western part of Shanxi Province.This area has a little precipitation,excessive evaporation,vulnerable ecological environment,comparatable lacking and inexplicit groundwater reserve.The problem is gradually outstanding.In order to investigate the total quantity of the groundwater reserve with substainable development using in the bulang river water source,and provides the reliable water resources support for the North Shan'xi energy industry base construction, Chinese geology Investigation Bureau and the Shan'xi Province government decide to carry on a general investigation of ground water.The waters resources problem,as well as each kind of ecological environment problem which produces by it,is prominent day by day in our research area.This article has collected the massive materials and the results of predecessor's research.And the article has analyzed in hydrogeological conditions of the area.It has established the model of the ground water three dimensional numerical simulation by international common software——Visual MODFLOW.According to the simulation result to the water resources,the article proposed a reasonable exploitation suggestion.It has practical significance to studies on the area for the economy can be sustainable development.The results are summarized as following:
(1) The paper use balance model to calculate the phreatic aquifer of Quaternary Lossen soil, which has a current capacity of 287642.232 m~3/d,discharge capacity of 313108.97 m~3/d.The result shows the undergroundwater resource at the minus balance.
(2) The paper use system theory to established a Lumped parameter model among precipitation,discharge of Hailiutu river and exploitable volume.And use experience frequency method to calculate the springwater volume at ensurance of 97%,which is 110592m~3/d,
(3) The paper analyse the hydrogeological condition of Bulanghe.Based on it,established a hydrogeological conception model and undergroundwater numerical model.And the paper also established an aquifer structure model by the data of borehole and geophysical techniques.
(4)The paper use Visual MODFLOW to established the 3D numerical simulation model. And the model is recognized and validated through currents data,which has a perfect effect.The results show that the water flow model which has a high accuracy can be used to predict the groundwater flow.
(5)The paper designes two types of mining processes and eight types of mining schemes, uses the model to predict the changing trend of groundwater flow field.The results show that the phreatic water table is in a drop.At last,the decentralized mining is regarded the appropriate mining scheme.The exploitable groundwater resources of Bulanghe beach is 25000 m~3/d,the exploitable groundwater resources of Liuyingsha is 313108.97m~3/d.The mining scheme is reasonable for it will never make a bad effect on the eco-environment and the water flow capacity of the water source region.
引文
[1]陕北能源化工基地地下水勘查项目组.陕北能源化工基地地下水勘查报告[R],2004
[2]补浪河水源地勘探项目组.补浪河水源地勘探报告[R],2006
[3]崔亚莉,谢振华,邵景力等.北京市平原区地下水合理开发利用数值模型研究[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2003
[4]孙衲正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[5]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986
[6]张永波.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京:地质出版社,2001
[7]Future groundwater resources at risk Proceedings of the InternationalConference(Changchun,China,July,1998).IHP-V Technical Documents inHydrology,Theme 3,No.27.Paris:UNESCO,2000
[8]Chen MengXiong,Cai ZuHang.Groundwater resources and the relatedenvironment hydrogeologic problem in China[M].Seismological press.2000.
[9]朱学愚、谢春红.地下水运移模型[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990:129-150
[10]郝治福,康绍忠.地下水系统模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(1):77-80
[11]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002,(1):37-42
[12]黄丹,肖伟,李勇.地下水三维数值模拟及其优化开采[J].资源调查与环境,2005,26(2).137-145
[13]曲兴辉.平原区地下水系统模拟模型研究[J].东北水利水电,2005,22(5):18-20
[14]孙衲正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[15]薛禹群.地下水数值模拟在我国一回顾与展望[M].水文地质工程地质,1997.4:21-24
[16]卞玉梅,卢文喜,马洪云.Visual MODFLOW在水源地地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(260):31-33
[17]McDonald,M.G.,and A.W.Modular three-dimensional finite-differencegroundwater flow model.Techniques of water resource investigations of U.S.GeologicalSurvey.Book6} CH.A1,1988
[18]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由 MODFLOW 浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察, 2000,(2):12-15
[19]黄克智,徐秉业主编.固体力学发展趋势[M].北京理工大学出版社,1994,13-20
[20]威尔金森(美).代数特征值问题(石钟慈等译)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987
[21]王垒,李家宝.结构分析的有限差分法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1982,52-74.
[22]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论、方法及应用[M].科学出版社,1988
[23]武强,董东林,武钢等.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual MODFLOW)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5):21-23
[24]王文科,李俊亭.地下水流数值模拟的发展与展望[J].西北地质,1995,16(4):32-35
[25]陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002
[26]张奇.数值模型在地下水管理中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(6):46-49
[27]薛禹群,吴吉春.面临21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(5):16-19
[28]钱会,王毅颖,宋秀玲.地下水流数值模拟中不应忽视的几个工作程序[D].勘察科学技术,2004(1):32-36
[29]武强,朱斌,徐华等.MODFLOW在淮北地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,24(4):500-503
[30]王大纯,张人权等.水文地质学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[31]李俊亭.地下水流数值模拟[M].北京:地质出版社,1989
[32]魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(增刊):56-59
[33]M.Klenke H.Thiem.Acoupled flow and transport model for simulation of groundwater reservoirs [J].Mathematics and Computer Simulation,2002(1):45-49
[34]J.A.P.H.Vermulst,W.J.De Lange.An analytic-based approach for coupling models forunsaturated and saturated groundwater flow at different scales[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000(7):35-37
[35]Richard C.Peralta.Optimal perennial yield planning for complex nonlinear aquifers:Methodsand examples[J].Advances in Water Resources,1999(11):55-60
[36]Charles S.Sawyer,Madhavi Kamakoti.Optimal flow rates and well locations for soil vaporextraction design[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998(11):21-24
[37]Mark S.Nemeth,Helena M.Solo-Gabriele.Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity toquantify exchange between groundwater and surface water[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003(2):18-22
[38]John Marler,Shemin Ge.The Permeability of the Elkhorn Fault Zone,South Park,Colorado [J].Ground Water,2003,41(3):223-233
[39]Wu Qiang,Yin Zhongmin,Wu Xun.Groundwater Study in the Weerselo Area,Overijssel,the Netherlands[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001,47-74
[40]Moench A F.Importance of the Vadose Zone in Analyses of Unconfined Aquifer Tests[J].GroundWater,2004,42(2):223-233
[41]贾金生,田兵,刘昌明.Visual MODFLOW在地下水模拟中的应用--以河北省栾城县为例[J].河北农业大学学报.2003,26(2):71-78
[42]李文跃,张博,洪梅等.Visual MODFLOW在大庆龙西地区地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].世界地质.2003,22(2):161-165
[43]房佩贤,卫中鼎,廖资生.专门水文地质学[M],北京:地质出版社,2002
[44]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨[J].水利学报,2003,(3):33-36
[45]Reevea A.S,Warzochaa J.et al.Regional ground2water flowmodeling of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands,Minnesota[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,243(1-2):94-100
[46]张祥伟,竹内邦良.大区域地下水模拟的理论和方法[J].水利学报,2004(6):7-13
[47]Anon D,2000.Visual MODFLOW V.4.0 user's manualfor professional applicationsin three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling[Z].Ontario:Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc
[2]补浪河水源地勘探项目组.补浪河水源地勘探报告[R],2006
[3]崔亚莉,谢振华,邵景力等.北京市平原区地下水合理开发利用数值模型研究[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2003
[4]孙衲正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[5]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986
[6]张永波.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京:地质出版社,2001
[7]Future groundwater resources at risk Proceedings of the InternationalConference(Changchun,China,July,1998).IHP-V Technical Documents inHydrology,Theme 3,No.27.Paris:UNESCO,2000
[8]Chen MengXiong,Cai ZuHang.Groundwater resources and the relatedenvironment hydrogeologic problem in China[M].Seismological press.2000.
[9]朱学愚、谢春红.地下水运移模型[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990:129-150
[10]郝治福,康绍忠.地下水系统模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(1):77-80
[11]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002,(1):37-42
[12]黄丹,肖伟,李勇.地下水三维数值模拟及其优化开采[J].资源调查与环境,2005,26(2).137-145
[13]曲兴辉.平原区地下水系统模拟模型研究[J].东北水利水电,2005,22(5):18-20
[14]孙衲正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[15]薛禹群.地下水数值模拟在我国一回顾与展望[M].水文地质工程地质,1997.4:21-24
[16]卞玉梅,卢文喜,马洪云.Visual MODFLOW在水源地地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(260):31-33
[17]McDonald,M.G.,and A.W.Modular three-dimensional finite-differencegroundwater flow model.Techniques of water resource investigations of U.S.GeologicalSurvey.Book6} CH.A1,1988
[18]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由 MODFLOW 浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察, 2000,(2):12-15
[19]黄克智,徐秉业主编.固体力学发展趋势[M].北京理工大学出版社,1994,13-20
[20]威尔金森(美).代数特征值问题(石钟慈等译)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987
[21]王垒,李家宝.结构分析的有限差分法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1982,52-74.
[22]吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学的理论、方法及应用[M].科学出版社,1988
[23]武强,董东林,武钢等.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual MODFLOW)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5):21-23
[24]王文科,李俊亭.地下水流数值模拟的发展与展望[J].西北地质,1995,16(4):32-35
[25]陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002
[26]张奇.数值模型在地下水管理中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(6):46-49
[27]薛禹群,吴吉春.面临21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(5):16-19
[28]钱会,王毅颖,宋秀玲.地下水流数值模拟中不应忽视的几个工作程序[D].勘察科学技术,2004(1):32-36
[29]武强,朱斌,徐华等.MODFLOW在淮北地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,24(4):500-503
[30]王大纯,张人权等.水文地质学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[31]李俊亭.地下水流数值模拟[M].北京:地质出版社,1989
[32]魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(增刊):56-59
[33]M.Klenke H.Thiem.Acoupled flow and transport model for simulation of groundwater reservoirs [J].Mathematics and Computer Simulation,2002(1):45-49
[34]J.A.P.H.Vermulst,W.J.De Lange.An analytic-based approach for coupling models forunsaturated and saturated groundwater flow at different scales[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000(7):35-37
[35]Richard C.Peralta.Optimal perennial yield planning for complex nonlinear aquifers:Methodsand examples[J].Advances in Water Resources,1999(11):55-60
[36]Charles S.Sawyer,Madhavi Kamakoti.Optimal flow rates and well locations for soil vaporextraction design[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998(11):21-24
[37]Mark S.Nemeth,Helena M.Solo-Gabriele.Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity toquantify exchange between groundwater and surface water[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003(2):18-22
[38]John Marler,Shemin Ge.The Permeability of the Elkhorn Fault Zone,South Park,Colorado [J].Ground Water,2003,41(3):223-233
[39]Wu Qiang,Yin Zhongmin,Wu Xun.Groundwater Study in the Weerselo Area,Overijssel,the Netherlands[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001,47-74
[40]Moench A F.Importance of the Vadose Zone in Analyses of Unconfined Aquifer Tests[J].GroundWater,2004,42(2):223-233
[41]贾金生,田兵,刘昌明.Visual MODFLOW在地下水模拟中的应用--以河北省栾城县为例[J].河北农业大学学报.2003,26(2):71-78
[42]李文跃,张博,洪梅等.Visual MODFLOW在大庆龙西地区地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].世界地质.2003,22(2):161-165
[43]房佩贤,卫中鼎,廖资生.专门水文地质学[M],北京:地质出版社,2002
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