黄龙工业园水源地地下水数值模拟
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摘要
黄龙工业园引水工程建设在公主岭市西部,为保证供水工程的水量和水质能够满足黄龙工业园的需水要求,需对拟建水源地地下水现状做出评价与分析。本文本着定性分析与定量计算相结合、传统计算方法与现代计算方法相结合的原则,在充分研究区域地质、水文地质情况下,建立研究区水文地质概念模型,建立地下水水量数学模型,采用基于限元法的数值模拟软件FEFLOW求解,并预测了在给定的地下水开采方案下的地下水流场,确定了开采方案的合理性。用改进的尼梅罗污染指数法对研究区地下水水质进行了评价。建立研究区地下水溶质运移模型预测了水源地运营后对地下水潜水水质的影响。以水量水质研究为依据,提出了相关的水资源管理整治建议,为该水源地生态环境和社会经济的协同可持续发展提供了科学依据。
In rencent years, with sharp increase of groundwater demands, people begin to pay more attention to water environment protection, the numerical simulation of groundwater flow and transport of pollutants already have become an important research field in hydrogeology .The huanglong industrial park is located in western Gongzhuling city. In order to ensure that there is enough amount of water provided to the industrial production, it is necessary to evaluate and analyze the present situation of the groundwater. Therefore, the study on the groundwater level and the water quality ,and conceiving the rational exploitation plan in this area is meaningful for the ecology construction and economic development of the region.
Firstly, this thesis introduces the study status in quo domestic and abroad of groundwater numerical simulation and the common solving method of groundwater numerical simulation model and the simulation software. Two solving methods which are the finite difference method and the finite element method are introduced in detail, three popular professional softwares which are FEFLOW,Visual MODFLOW and GMS are introduced. After comparative analysis, FEFLOW which based on the finite element method is used for this study.
Based on collection and analysis plenty of material about geology and hydrogeology in GongZhuling area, this paper systemically represent the lithology of main stratum, existing condition, distribution regularities, circulation condition and the dynamic character of groundwater in study area. Then, this paper ascertains the scope of simulation region and the selective zone of calculation. After generalize the aquifer hydraulic characteristic, vertical boundary and lateral boundary, the groundwater mathematical model has been founded on the basis of the hydrogeology conceptual model.
The dry season in May 30th 1985 is selected as the initial time of recognition period of model, the flood season in August 30th is selected as the end time. Because the simulation effect of identification and inspection is good, groundwater flow nets in the study area in next twenty years is predicted using the founded model. Prediction is made under the conditions of that the phreatic water yield is 5000 m3/d and the confined water yield is 15800 m3/d. From the change tendency of many years, constant decline in the groundwater table didn’t appeared. It shows that the yield quantity is almost equal to the recharge quantity under the condition of that groundwater is exploited in this yield quantity,yield quantity is almost balanced to the recharged quantity. There is recharge guarantee for exploiting groundwater with the designed project.
Once groundwater was polluted due to the reasonless developmemt and utilization, it will infect the entirenment seriously, and will badly endanger the health and activity of pepole. So the compositive evaluation of groundwater quality is an important work to the development and utilization of groundwater resources.This text applicates the improved Nemerow index method to the evaluation of water quality in study area. The results show that phreatic water quality is bad and the confined water quality is good. In comparison with practical situation, it is revealed that the evaluation results is rather accurate. Based on the estimating of water quantity model and water quality model,this paper establishes the groundwater solute transport simulation model. The analytic solution about model has been gotten by using Laplace transform. Finally,this paper selects DO,BOD5, CODcr, total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and adopts average weighted method to evaluate the phreatic water quality of expoitation area. Oweing to the important impacts of r Dong Liao river on phreatic water quality , we should strengthen the management .
In rencent years, with sharp increase of groundwater demands, people begin to pay more attention to water environment protection, the numerical simulation of groundwater flow and transport of pollutants already have become an important research field in hydrogeology .The huanglong industrial park is located in western Gongzhuling city. In order to ensure that there is enough amount of water provided to the industrial production, it is necessary to evaluate and analyze the present situation of the groundwater. Therefore, the study on the groundwater level and the water quality ,and conceiving the rational exploitation plan in this area is meaningful for the ecology construction and economic development of the region.
Firstly, this thesis introduces the study status in quo domestic and abroad of groundwater numerical simulation and the common solving method of groundwater numerical simulation model and the simulation software. Two solving methods which are the finite difference method and the finite element method are introduced in detail, three popular professional softwares which are FEFLOW,Visual MODFLOW and GMS are introduced. After comparative analysis, FEFLOW which based on the finite element method is used for this study.
Based on collection and analysis plenty of material about geology and hydrogeology in GongZhuling area, this paper systemically represent the lithology of main stratum, existing condition, distribution regularities, circulation condition and the dynamic character of groundwater in study area. Then, this paper ascertains the scope of simulation region and the selective zone of calculation. After generalize the aquifer hydraulic characteristic, vertical boundary and lateral boundary, the groundwater mathematical model has been founded on the basis of the hydrogeology conceptual model.
The dry season in May 30th 1985 is selected as the initial time of recognition period of model, the flood season in August 30th is selected as the end time. Because the simulation effect of identification and inspection is good, groundwater flow nets in the study area in next twenty years is predicted using the founded model. Prediction is made under the conditions of that the phreatic water yield is 5000 m3/d and the confined water yield is 15800 m3/d. From the change tendency of many years, constant decline in the groundwater table didn’t appeared. It shows that the yield quantity is almost equal to the recharge quantity under the condition of that groundwater is exploited in this yield quantity,yield quantity is almost balanced to the recharged quantity. There is recharge guarantee for exploiting groundwater with the designed project.
Once groundwater was polluted due to the reasonless developmemt and utilization, it will infect the entirenment seriously, and will badly endanger the health and activity of pepole. So the compositive evaluation of groundwater quality is an important work to the development and utilization of groundwater resources.This text applicates the improved Nemerow index method to the evaluation of water quality in study area. The results show that phreatic water quality is bad and the confined water quality is good. In comparison with practical situation, it is revealed that the evaluation results is rather accurate. Based on the estimating of water quantity model and water quality model,this paper establishes the groundwater solute transport simulation model. The analytic solution about model has been gotten by using Laplace transform. Finally,this paper selects DO,BOD5, CODcr, total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and adopts average weighted method to evaluate the phreatic water quality of expoitation area. Oweing to the important impacts of r Dong Liao river on phreatic water quality , we should strengthen the management .
引文
[1]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986
[2]尚守忠.北京地区地下水动态预测方法[J].水文地质工程地质,1983(2):17-22
[3]陈葆仁,洪再吉.地下水动态及其预测[M].北京:科学出版社,1988
[4]张永波.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京:地质出版社,2001
[5]Wang,H. F&J. Peraric. Introduction to Groundwater Modeling[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1983,66(2):379-380
[6] Tissa H. Illangasekare ,Hubert J. Morel-Seytoux. A discrete kernel simulation model for conjunctive management of a stream-Aquifer system[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1986,85(3):319-338
[7]Eddebbarh, Al,Carlson,etc. Groundwater modeling using an integrate large-capacity finite-element model for multiple aquifer groundwater flow.Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Subsurface Fluid Flow Modeling,1996,1:22-23
[8]Hsieh PA,Freckleton.Documentation of a computer program to simulate horizontal-flow barriers using the U.S. Geological Survey's modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model[R] .U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report,1993,92-477
[9]陈崇希.地下水开采–地面沉降数值模拟及防治对策研究[M].中国地质大学出版,2001
[10]Shu guang Li,Xue qing Zhou.Stochastic theory for irregulary stream modeling: Solute Transport [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997,5(7):16-18
[11]Freg Pohll etal.Modeling Ground Water Flow and Radioactive Transport in a Fratured Aquifer[J].Ground Water,1999,37(5):770-784
[12]薛禹群,吴吉春.地下水数值模拟在我国-回顾与展望[J].水文地质工程地质,1997(4):21-24
[13]薛禹群,吴吉春.面临 21 世纪的中国地下水模拟问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(5):1-3
[14]钱天伟,李书绅,武贵宾.地下水多组分反应溶质迁移模型的研究进展[J]. 水科学进展,2002,13(1):117-121
[15]谢新民,郭洪宇,唐克旺,等.华北平原区地表水与地下水统–评价的二元耦合模型研究[J].水利学报,2002,12(3):36-37
[16]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚.Modflow 在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水 文地质工程地质,2000,27(6):9-13
[17]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由 Modflow 浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J] .工程勘察,2000(2):13-15
[18]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用 ModIME 模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J] .工程勘察,2002 (2):17-19
[19]王宏,娄华君,邹立芝.Modflow 在华北平原区地下水库模拟中的应用[J].世界地质,2003,22(1):69-72
[20]林学钰,侯印伟,邹立芝,等.地下水水量水质模拟及管理程序集[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1988
[21]段青梅.西辽河平原三维地质地质建模及地下水数值模拟研究[D].中国地质大学,2006
[22]周志芳,李艳.复杂岩体地下水运动问题的有限分析法[J].水科学进展,1997,8(3):26-42
[23]岳梅.淮南市浅层地下水水质污染预测模型探讨[J].地下水,2002,24(2):77-79
[24]周志芳.岩体地下水运动模拟的理论与应用研究[D].南京大学,1998
[25]冯康.基于变分原理的差分格式[J].应用数学与计算数学,1965(4):20-22
[26]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1979
[27]Pinder G. F.,J. D. Bredehoeft.Application of the digital computer for aquifer evaluation[J] .Water Resour,1968,4(5):1069–1093
[28]孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[29]张宏仁,李俊亭. 有限差分法与有限单元法在渗流问题中的对比[J].水文地质工程地质,1979(2):52-57
[30]郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报,2000,23卷增刊:50–53
[31]林学钰.地下水资源的基本属性和我国水文地质科学的发展[J] .地学前缘,2002,23(3):50–52
[32]Hans-Jorg G D.FEFLOW 有限单元地下水流系统[M]. 孙祥光, 王井泉, 翁明华译,徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[33]Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc.User’s manual of Visual Modflow,1996
[34]祝晓彬.地下水模拟系统(GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5):53-55
[35]徐乐昌.地下水模拟常用软件介绍[J].铀矿冶,2002,21(2):33–38
[36]Chiang,W.H.,W.Kinzelbach. 3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN[M] .Springer-Verlag, 2001
[37]Bear,J.L.and Y.Bachmat.Introduction to modeling of transport phenomenon in porous media.Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,1991
[38]Chunmiao Zheng. A Modular Three-Dimensional Multispecies Transport Model for Simulation of Advection,Dispersion and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems. Documentation and User,s Guide, 1999.
[39]Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory.Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials ,2002
[40]韩照宇,钱林清.多变量均生函数的正交化筛选方案在季节降水预报中的试验研究[J] .南京气象学院学报,2000,23(3):422–427
[41]周爱民,李彦强,贺安亚.Visual Basic 编程基础与应用实例[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[42]谷朝君,潘颖,潘明杰.内梅罗指数法在地下水质评价中的应用及存在问题[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(1):45–47
[43]高健磊,吴泽宁,左其亭,等.水资源保护规划理论方法与实践[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002
[44]马成有,曹剑锋,姜纪沂,等.改进的尼梅罗污染指数法及其应用–以磐石市地下水环境质量评价为例[J].水资源保护,2006,22(4):53–55
[45]杨贤智,李景锟,廖延梅.环境管理学[M].北京:高度教育出版社,1990
[46]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M] .北京:地质出版社,1986
[47]宋树林,林泉,孙向阳.地下水弥散系数的确定[J ] .海岸工程,1998 ,17(3):61-65
[48]卢文喜,卞玉梅,李海杰.黄龙工业园水源地潜水水质评价与预报[J]. 水资源保护,2006,22(3):72-74
[2]尚守忠.北京地区地下水动态预测方法[J].水文地质工程地质,1983(2):17-22
[3]陈葆仁,洪再吉.地下水动态及其预测[M].北京:科学出版社,1988
[4]张永波.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京:地质出版社,2001
[5]Wang,H. F&J. Peraric. Introduction to Groundwater Modeling[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1983,66(2):379-380
[6] Tissa H. Illangasekare ,Hubert J. Morel-Seytoux. A discrete kernel simulation model for conjunctive management of a stream-Aquifer system[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1986,85(3):319-338
[7]Eddebbarh, Al,Carlson,etc. Groundwater modeling using an integrate large-capacity finite-element model for multiple aquifer groundwater flow.Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Subsurface Fluid Flow Modeling,1996,1:22-23
[8]Hsieh PA,Freckleton.Documentation of a computer program to simulate horizontal-flow barriers using the U.S. Geological Survey's modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model[R] .U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report,1993,92-477
[9]陈崇希.地下水开采–地面沉降数值模拟及防治对策研究[M].中国地质大学出版,2001
[10]Shu guang Li,Xue qing Zhou.Stochastic theory for irregulary stream modeling: Solute Transport [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997,5(7):16-18
[11]Freg Pohll etal.Modeling Ground Water Flow and Radioactive Transport in a Fratured Aquifer[J].Ground Water,1999,37(5):770-784
[12]薛禹群,吴吉春.地下水数值模拟在我国-回顾与展望[J].水文地质工程地质,1997(4):21-24
[13]薛禹群,吴吉春.面临 21 世纪的中国地下水模拟问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(5):1-3
[14]钱天伟,李书绅,武贵宾.地下水多组分反应溶质迁移模型的研究进展[J]. 水科学进展,2002,13(1):117-121
[15]谢新民,郭洪宇,唐克旺,等.华北平原区地表水与地下水统–评价的二元耦合模型研究[J].水利学报,2002,12(3):36-37
[16]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚.Modflow 在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水 文地质工程地质,2000,27(6):9-13
[17]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由 Modflow 浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J] .工程勘察,2000(2):13-15
[18]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用 ModIME 模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J] .工程勘察,2002 (2):17-19
[19]王宏,娄华君,邹立芝.Modflow 在华北平原区地下水库模拟中的应用[J].世界地质,2003,22(1):69-72
[20]林学钰,侯印伟,邹立芝,等.地下水水量水质模拟及管理程序集[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1988
[21]段青梅.西辽河平原三维地质地质建模及地下水数值模拟研究[D].中国地质大学,2006
[22]周志芳,李艳.复杂岩体地下水运动问题的有限分析法[J].水科学进展,1997,8(3):26-42
[23]岳梅.淮南市浅层地下水水质污染预测模型探讨[J].地下水,2002,24(2):77-79
[24]周志芳.岩体地下水运动模拟的理论与应用研究[D].南京大学,1998
[25]冯康.基于变分原理的差分格式[J].应用数学与计算数学,1965(4):20-22
[26]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1979
[27]Pinder G. F.,J. D. Bredehoeft.Application of the digital computer for aquifer evaluation[J] .Water Resour,1968,4(5):1069–1093
[28]孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981
[29]张宏仁,李俊亭. 有限差分法与有限单元法在渗流问题中的对比[J].水文地质工程地质,1979(2):52-57
[30]郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报,2000,23卷增刊:50–53
[31]林学钰.地下水资源的基本属性和我国水文地质科学的发展[J] .地学前缘,2002,23(3):50–52
[32]Hans-Jorg G D.FEFLOW 有限单元地下水流系统[M]. 孙祥光, 王井泉, 翁明华译,徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[33]Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc.User’s manual of Visual Modflow,1996
[34]祝晓彬.地下水模拟系统(GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5):53-55
[35]徐乐昌.地下水模拟常用软件介绍[J].铀矿冶,2002,21(2):33–38
[36]Chiang,W.H.,W.Kinzelbach. 3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN[M] .Springer-Verlag, 2001
[37]Bear,J.L.and Y.Bachmat.Introduction to modeling of transport phenomenon in porous media.Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,1991
[38]Chunmiao Zheng. A Modular Three-Dimensional Multispecies Transport Model for Simulation of Advection,Dispersion and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems. Documentation and User,s Guide, 1999.
[39]Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory.Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials ,2002
[40]韩照宇,钱林清.多变量均生函数的正交化筛选方案在季节降水预报中的试验研究[J] .南京气象学院学报,2000,23(3):422–427
[41]周爱民,李彦强,贺安亚.Visual Basic 编程基础与应用实例[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[42]谷朝君,潘颖,潘明杰.内梅罗指数法在地下水质评价中的应用及存在问题[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(1):45–47
[43]高健磊,吴泽宁,左其亭,等.水资源保护规划理论方法与实践[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002
[44]马成有,曹剑锋,姜纪沂,等.改进的尼梅罗污染指数法及其应用–以磐石市地下水环境质量评价为例[J].水资源保护,2006,22(4):53–55
[45]杨贤智,李景锟,廖延梅.环境管理学[M].北京:高度教育出版社,1990
[46]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M] .北京:地质出版社,1986
[47]宋树林,林泉,孙向阳.地下水弥散系数的确定[J ] .海岸工程,1998 ,17(3):61-65
[48]卢文喜,卞玉梅,李海杰.黄龙工业园水源地潜水水质评价与预报[J]. 水资源保护,2006,22(3):72-74