天津市建筑施工企业效率评价及三建集团发展规划研究
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摘要
本文在对天津市建筑市场及建筑施工企业发展现状分析的基础上,分别采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法和随机前沿分析(SFA)方法,针对天津市26家具有一级资质的建筑施工企业的技术效率进行了分析评价。详细分析了天津三建集团的发展现状,并进行了该集团的发展规划研究。
首先,采用DEA方法,以天津市具有一级资质的建筑施工企业的效率为研究对象,通过设置不同的投入产出指标,对建筑施工企业效率进行了评价分析。通过设置5个情景分析,结果发现选取不同的输入、输出指标对于评价结果影响都较大。因此,要从企业的实际情况出发,客观地选取输入指标和输出指标,才能得出科学的、有价值的评价结果。
其次,采用考虑随机因素的SFA方法,分别采取两种分析情景对天津市具有一级资质的建筑施工企业的效率进行了评价分析。评价结果表明,天津市建筑施工企业的整体效率为0.54左右,还具有较大的提升空间。
最后,在对天津市三建集团2006、2007以及2008发展现状分析的基础上,对该集团的发展战略进行了研究。提出三建集团应该在总体目标、产权制度改革、组织架构调整、产业结构调整、管理体系创新、品牌建设以及科技创新等7方面加强改革和创新,从而进一步提高三建集团的生产效率,增强在同行业中的竞争力。
Based on the analysis of development status of the Tianjin construction market and construction enterprise, this paper analyzed and evaluated the technical efficiency of 26 construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin, with data envelopment analysis technology (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis technique(SFA)respectively. Then it discussed the development status quo of Tianjin 3rd Construction Group and studied the development planning of the group.
First, using DEA technology, the efficiency of construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin was evaluated by setting different input and output indexes. By setting five specific scenarios, it found that the results were significantly affected by different input and output indexes for evaluating. Thus, in order to obtain useful results of the evaluation, the input indexes and output indexes should be selected according to the actual conditions of enterprises.
Secondly, using SFA which considers random factors, the efficiency of construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin was evaluated by setting two different scenarios. Evaluation results showed that the overall efficiency of construction enterprises in Tianjin was about 0.54, and there was still great room to improve.
Finally, based on the analysis of the development status of Tianjin 3rd Construction Group in 2006, 2007 and 2008, the study of Group's development planning was carried out. Tianjin 3rd Construction Group should strengthen in 7 aspects such as overall objective, property rights reform, organizational structure adjustment, industry structure adjustment, management system innovation, brand building and scientific & technological innovations, in order to enhance the productivity and strengthen the competitive power in the industry.
首先,采用DEA方法,以天津市具有一级资质的建筑施工企业的效率为研究对象,通过设置不同的投入产出指标,对建筑施工企业效率进行了评价分析。通过设置5个情景分析,结果发现选取不同的输入、输出指标对于评价结果影响都较大。因此,要从企业的实际情况出发,客观地选取输入指标和输出指标,才能得出科学的、有价值的评价结果。
其次,采用考虑随机因素的SFA方法,分别采取两种分析情景对天津市具有一级资质的建筑施工企业的效率进行了评价分析。评价结果表明,天津市建筑施工企业的整体效率为0.54左右,还具有较大的提升空间。
最后,在对天津市三建集团2006、2007以及2008发展现状分析的基础上,对该集团的发展战略进行了研究。提出三建集团应该在总体目标、产权制度改革、组织架构调整、产业结构调整、管理体系创新、品牌建设以及科技创新等7方面加强改革和创新,从而进一步提高三建集团的生产效率,增强在同行业中的竞争力。
Based on the analysis of development status of the Tianjin construction market and construction enterprise, this paper analyzed and evaluated the technical efficiency of 26 construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin, with data envelopment analysis technology (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis technique(SFA)respectively. Then it discussed the development status quo of Tianjin 3rd Construction Group and studied the development planning of the group.
First, using DEA technology, the efficiency of construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin was evaluated by setting different input and output indexes. By setting five specific scenarios, it found that the results were significantly affected by different input and output indexes for evaluating. Thus, in order to obtain useful results of the evaluation, the input indexes and output indexes should be selected according to the actual conditions of enterprises.
Secondly, using SFA which considers random factors, the efficiency of construction enterprises with first grade qualification in Tianjin was evaluated by setting two different scenarios. Evaluation results showed that the overall efficiency of construction enterprises in Tianjin was about 0.54, and there was still great room to improve.
Finally, based on the analysis of the development status of Tianjin 3rd Construction Group in 2006, 2007 and 2008, the study of Group's development planning was carried out. Tianjin 3rd Construction Group should strengthen in 7 aspects such as overall objective, property rights reform, organizational structure adjustment, industry structure adjustment, management system innovation, brand building and scientific & technological innovations, in order to enhance the productivity and strengthen the competitive power in the industry.
引文
[1] Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units, European Journal of Operational Research, 1978,2(4):429~444
[2] Banker, R.D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”Management Science, 1984,30(9): 1078~1092
[3] Charnes, A., Clark, T., Cooper, W.W, et al. A Developmental Study of Data Envelopment Analysis in Measuring the Efficiency of Maintenance Units in the U.S. Air Forces, Annals of Operation Research, 1985, 2: 95~112
[4]魏权龄,数据包络分析,北京:科学出版社,2004
[5]孙建,DEA在企业效率评价中的应用研究,地质技术经济管理,2003,(5): 61~63
[6]陈芝,单汨源,顾恒平,基于DEA的企业供应物流系统效率评价的实例分析,湖南大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,(6):68~71
[7]尤建新,郑海鳌,基于DEA的大中型工业企业科技资源配置效率评价,上海管理科学,2007,(5):61~64
[8]王卓,基于超效率DEA模型的我国工业企业效率评价,科学管理研究,2007,(6):29~32
[9]孟川瑾,邢斐,陈禹,基于DEA分析的房地产企业效率评价,管理评论,2008,(7):57~62
[10]杨加猛,施蔚,佘光辉等,基于DEA模型的江苏木材加工龙头企业效率评价与分析,南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(3):127~130
[11]陈江明,高迎伏,基于DEA的建筑施工企业效率评价,牡丹江大学学报,2008,(4):107~110
[12] Aigner, D., C. Lovell and P. Schmidt. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal of Econometrics, 1977,6(1): 21~37
[13] Battese, G.E., G.S. Corra. Estimation of a Production Frontier Model: With Application to the Pastoral Zone of Eastern Australia. Australia Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1977, 21(3): 169~179
[14] Battese,G.E.and T.J.Coelli,Frontier Production Functions,Technical Efficiency and Panel Data:with Application to Paddy Farmers in India,Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,(3):153~169
[15] Battese,GE. and T.J.Coelli, A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data .Empirical Economics, 1995, 20(20) :325~332 .
[16] Pitt, M.M. and L.F. Lee.The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiencyin the Indonesian Weaving Industry. Jouranl of Development Economics, 1981, 9:43–64.
[17] Schmidt, P. and R.C. Sickles. Production Frontiers and Panel Data. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1984,2:367–374
[18]刘德学,何勇,企业R&D项目效率评价指标体系及其模糊评价,科技进步与对策,2003,(20):108~110
[19]李琳,张智勇,国有企业债转股股权退出方式经济效率的模糊综合评价,商业研究,2004,(9):127~130
[20]张水英,文孟婵,中小企业贷款融资效率模糊综合评价——关系型贷款与市场交易型贷款融资效率的比较,当代经济,2007,(10):170~171
[21]何柱姿,孙利琼,杨华昆,成都市非公有制小企业融资效率模糊综合评价,电子科技大学学报(社科版),2008,(3):27~31
[22] Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y.,et al. Sensitivity and Stability Analysis in DEA, Annals of Operations Research, 1985,2(2): 139~156
[23] Banker, R.D., Morey, R.C. The Use of Categorical Variables in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, 1986,32(2): 1613~1627.
[24] Dyson, R.G., Thanssoulis, E. Reducing Weight Flexibility in Data Envelopment Analysis, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1988,39(6): 563~576
[25] Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R.G., Thanassoulis, E. Applied Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1991,52(1): 1~15
[26] Chang, K.P., Guh, Y.Y. Linear Production Function and the Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1991,52(2): 215~223
[27] Banker, R.D., Thrall, R.M. Estimation of Returns to Scale Using Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1992, 62(1): 74~84.
[28] Forsund, F.R. A Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Efficiency Measures: The Case of Norwegian Ferries, The Journal of Productivity Analysis, 1992,3(1): 25~43
[29] Doyle, J. and Green, R. Efficiency and Cross-efficiency in DEA: Derivations, Meanings and Uses, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994,45(5): 567~578
[30] Li, X.B., Reeves, G.R. A Multiple Criteria Approach to Data Envelopment Anaylsis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,115: 507~517
[31]陈建南,廖琪,基于DEA模型的金融效率评价——以江西各地区金融机构为例,金融与经济,2008,(11):56~59
[32]王晓莉,韩立岩,基于DEA的中国各地区金融资源分布有效性评价,北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(4):4~7
[33] Brockett, P.L., Golany, B. Using Rank Statistics for Determining Programmatric Efficiency Differency in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, 1996,42(3): 466~472
[34]王培宏,刘卓军,唐志鹏,基于数据包络分析的风险投资环境有效性研究,管理学报,2007,(5):584~587
[35]吴华超,温涛,基于DEA方法的农村资金配置效率研究——以统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区重庆市为例,金融理论与实践,2008,(3):25~28
[36] Clarke, R.L. Evaluating USAF Vehicle Maintenance Productivity Over Time: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, Decision Science, 1992, 23: 376~384.
[37] Chu, X., Fielding, G.J., Lamar, B.W. Measuring Transit Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Transportation Research, 1992,26(3): 223~230
[38] Roll, Y. , Hayuth, Y. Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),”Maritime Policy and Management, 1993,20(2): 153~161
[39] Sueyoshi, T. DEA-discriminant Analysis in the View of Goal Programming, European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,115(2): 564~582
[40] William W.Cooper,Lawerence M.Seiford, Kaoru Tone. Data Envelopment Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999
[41]刘金兰,胡静,基于DEA的我国企业集团财务公司相对效率评价,西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(2):6~10
[42]袁云峰,郭莉,郭显光,基于多阶段超效率DEA模型的银行业效率研究,中央财经大学学报,2006,(6):46~51
[43]何元斌,房地产业上市公司业绩的DEA有效性分析,兰州学刊,2006(4):145~147
[44]刘永乐,孙仲明,房地产上市公司经营效率的DEA评价,统计与信息论坛,2006,(1):74~78
[45]刘永乐,胡燕京,张方杰,基于DEA的房地产上市公司业绩分析统计与决策,2005,(7):64~66
[46]谢岳来,刘洪玉,基于数据包络分析的企业资本利用有效性研究,运筹与管理,2004,(6):28~34
[47] Meeusen, W., J. Van Den Broeck. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error. International Economic Review, 1977, 18(2): 435~444
[48] Aigner, D., C. Lovell and P. Schmidt. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal of Econometrics, 1977, 6(1): 21~37
[49] Battese, G.E., G.S. Corra. Estimation of a Production Frontier Model: WithApplication to the Pastoral Zone of Eastern Australia. Australia Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1977, 21(3): 169~179
[50] Kumbhakar, S.C., Lovell, C.A.K. Stochastic Frontier analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000
[51] Stevenson, R.E. Likelihood Functions for Generalized Stochastic Frontier Estimation. Journal of Econometrics, 1981,25:353–364
[52] Afriat S N. Efficiency estimation of production functions .International Economic Review, 1972,133, 13(3) :568~598
[53] Battese,G.E.and T.J.Coelli,Frontier Production Functions,Technical Efficiency and Panel Data:with Application to Paddy Farmers in India,Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,(3):153~169
[2] Banker, R.D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”Management Science, 1984,30(9): 1078~1092
[3] Charnes, A., Clark, T., Cooper, W.W, et al. A Developmental Study of Data Envelopment Analysis in Measuring the Efficiency of Maintenance Units in the U.S. Air Forces, Annals of Operation Research, 1985, 2: 95~112
[4]魏权龄,数据包络分析,北京:科学出版社,2004
[5]孙建,DEA在企业效率评价中的应用研究,地质技术经济管理,2003,(5): 61~63
[6]陈芝,单汨源,顾恒平,基于DEA的企业供应物流系统效率评价的实例分析,湖南大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,(6):68~71
[7]尤建新,郑海鳌,基于DEA的大中型工业企业科技资源配置效率评价,上海管理科学,2007,(5):61~64
[8]王卓,基于超效率DEA模型的我国工业企业效率评价,科学管理研究,2007,(6):29~32
[9]孟川瑾,邢斐,陈禹,基于DEA分析的房地产企业效率评价,管理评论,2008,(7):57~62
[10]杨加猛,施蔚,佘光辉等,基于DEA模型的江苏木材加工龙头企业效率评价与分析,南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(3):127~130
[11]陈江明,高迎伏,基于DEA的建筑施工企业效率评价,牡丹江大学学报,2008,(4):107~110
[12] Aigner, D., C. Lovell and P. Schmidt. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal of Econometrics, 1977,6(1): 21~37
[13] Battese, G.E., G.S. Corra. Estimation of a Production Frontier Model: With Application to the Pastoral Zone of Eastern Australia. Australia Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1977, 21(3): 169~179
[14] Battese,G.E.and T.J.Coelli,Frontier Production Functions,Technical Efficiency and Panel Data:with Application to Paddy Farmers in India,Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,(3):153~169
[15] Battese,GE. and T.J.Coelli, A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data .Empirical Economics, 1995, 20(20) :325~332 .
[16] Pitt, M.M. and L.F. Lee.The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiencyin the Indonesian Weaving Industry. Jouranl of Development Economics, 1981, 9:43–64.
[17] Schmidt, P. and R.C. Sickles. Production Frontiers and Panel Data. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1984,2:367–374
[18]刘德学,何勇,企业R&D项目效率评价指标体系及其模糊评价,科技进步与对策,2003,(20):108~110
[19]李琳,张智勇,国有企业债转股股权退出方式经济效率的模糊综合评价,商业研究,2004,(9):127~130
[20]张水英,文孟婵,中小企业贷款融资效率模糊综合评价——关系型贷款与市场交易型贷款融资效率的比较,当代经济,2007,(10):170~171
[21]何柱姿,孙利琼,杨华昆,成都市非公有制小企业融资效率模糊综合评价,电子科技大学学报(社科版),2008,(3):27~31
[22] Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y.,et al. Sensitivity and Stability Analysis in DEA, Annals of Operations Research, 1985,2(2): 139~156
[23] Banker, R.D., Morey, R.C. The Use of Categorical Variables in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, 1986,32(2): 1613~1627.
[24] Dyson, R.G., Thanssoulis, E. Reducing Weight Flexibility in Data Envelopment Analysis, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1988,39(6): 563~576
[25] Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R.G., Thanassoulis, E. Applied Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1991,52(1): 1~15
[26] Chang, K.P., Guh, Y.Y. Linear Production Function and the Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1991,52(2): 215~223
[27] Banker, R.D., Thrall, R.M. Estimation of Returns to Scale Using Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1992, 62(1): 74~84.
[28] Forsund, F.R. A Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Efficiency Measures: The Case of Norwegian Ferries, The Journal of Productivity Analysis, 1992,3(1): 25~43
[29] Doyle, J. and Green, R. Efficiency and Cross-efficiency in DEA: Derivations, Meanings and Uses, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994,45(5): 567~578
[30] Li, X.B., Reeves, G.R. A Multiple Criteria Approach to Data Envelopment Anaylsis, European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,115: 507~517
[31]陈建南,廖琪,基于DEA模型的金融效率评价——以江西各地区金融机构为例,金融与经济,2008,(11):56~59
[32]王晓莉,韩立岩,基于DEA的中国各地区金融资源分布有效性评价,北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(4):4~7
[33] Brockett, P.L., Golany, B. Using Rank Statistics for Determining Programmatric Efficiency Differency in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, 1996,42(3): 466~472
[34]王培宏,刘卓军,唐志鹏,基于数据包络分析的风险投资环境有效性研究,管理学报,2007,(5):584~587
[35]吴华超,温涛,基于DEA方法的农村资金配置效率研究——以统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区重庆市为例,金融理论与实践,2008,(3):25~28
[36] Clarke, R.L. Evaluating USAF Vehicle Maintenance Productivity Over Time: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, Decision Science, 1992, 23: 376~384.
[37] Chu, X., Fielding, G.J., Lamar, B.W. Measuring Transit Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Transportation Research, 1992,26(3): 223~230
[38] Roll, Y. , Hayuth, Y. Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),”Maritime Policy and Management, 1993,20(2): 153~161
[39] Sueyoshi, T. DEA-discriminant Analysis in the View of Goal Programming, European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,115(2): 564~582
[40] William W.Cooper,Lawerence M.Seiford, Kaoru Tone. Data Envelopment Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999
[41]刘金兰,胡静,基于DEA的我国企业集团财务公司相对效率评价,西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(2):6~10
[42]袁云峰,郭莉,郭显光,基于多阶段超效率DEA模型的银行业效率研究,中央财经大学学报,2006,(6):46~51
[43]何元斌,房地产业上市公司业绩的DEA有效性分析,兰州学刊,2006(4):145~147
[44]刘永乐,孙仲明,房地产上市公司经营效率的DEA评价,统计与信息论坛,2006,(1):74~78
[45]刘永乐,胡燕京,张方杰,基于DEA的房地产上市公司业绩分析统计与决策,2005,(7):64~66
[46]谢岳来,刘洪玉,基于数据包络分析的企业资本利用有效性研究,运筹与管理,2004,(6):28~34
[47] Meeusen, W., J. Van Den Broeck. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error. International Economic Review, 1977, 18(2): 435~444
[48] Aigner, D., C. Lovell and P. Schmidt. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal of Econometrics, 1977, 6(1): 21~37
[49] Battese, G.E., G.S. Corra. Estimation of a Production Frontier Model: WithApplication to the Pastoral Zone of Eastern Australia. Australia Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1977, 21(3): 169~179
[50] Kumbhakar, S.C., Lovell, C.A.K. Stochastic Frontier analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000
[51] Stevenson, R.E. Likelihood Functions for Generalized Stochastic Frontier Estimation. Journal of Econometrics, 1981,25:353–364
[52] Afriat S N. Efficiency estimation of production functions .International Economic Review, 1972,133, 13(3) :568~598
[53] Battese,G.E.and T.J.Coelli,Frontier Production Functions,Technical Efficiency and Panel Data:with Application to Paddy Farmers in India,Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,(3):153~169