基于Android系统的NFC技术实现
摘要
NFC (Near Field Communication)技术是在飞利浦公司提议下发起的,并由索尼、诺基亚等国际著名厂商联合推出的一项近距离无线通信技术。通过在NFC芯片上集成感应式卡片、感应式读卡器和点对点通信的功能,能够在较短距离内与相关设备通信,达到识别和数据交换的目的。Android手机通过集成NFC芯片就可以读取相关NFC标签或者设备的信息和进行电子支付。NFC作用的距离短,这进一步简化整个识别认证过程,可以让电子设备之间的相互访问更安全、更直接和更清楚。电脑、手机、数码相机、PDA等多个电子设备之间利用NFC技术可以很快速安全地进行无线通信。
论文主要包括以下几个方面内容：
首先,本文介绍了NFC技术的研究意义、发展现状和Android的基本概念,并对Android开发模式做了详细的分析。在对系统架构作了分析的基础上详细的描述Android应用程序的构成。
其次,介绍了NFC技术的通讯模式、工作模式和应用场景,将NFC技术与其他的无线通讯技术比如蓝牙、WIFI做了对比,对NFC技术标准中的LLCP (Logical Link Control Protocol)、NDEF (NFC Data Extrange Format)协议做了进一步的分析。
再次,本文的重点是在Android系统中实现NFC技术。该技术实现的层次结构包括应用层、硬件抽象层、主机控制接口层和数据链路层,文章中对各个层次特别是主机控制接口层中HCP (Host Controller Protocol)协议进行了较为深入的研究。在驱动程序中详细描述了利用12C协议完成Android手机和NFC芯片之间的数据传输过程,并在实际的Android手机中集成该驱动程序完成NFC的通信过程。
最后,利用最常见的Mifare卡成功制作了搭载有NFC信息的卡片,详细描述了卡片的制作、卡片的检测以及NFC数据检测的过程,通过实验进一步验证了NFC通信中读卡器模式和点对点通信模式的正确性。
NFC is a short-range wireless communications which sponsored by Philips and main pushed by Sony, Nokia and other leading international manufacturers. By intergrating induction card, induction reader and point-to-point function in a NFC chip, this technology can provide communication in a short-range with a compatible device in order to achieve identification and data exchange. Android mobile phone with the integrated NFC chip can read the information of other NFC devices or other NFC lable and achieve a small electronic payment. Because of NFC short operating distance, which greatly simplifies the entire identification process, you can visit each other electronic devices more secure, direct and clear.Computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, PDA and other electronic devices can connect with each other wirelessly, quickly and safely through NFC, so as to process the data exchange.
Paper includes the following aspects:
First, the article describes the significance of NFC technology research, development status and the basic concepts of Android, then do a detailed analysis to Android development model. The detailed description of the composition of Android application based on the analysis of system atchitecture.
Secondly, the article describes NFC technology communication mode, working mode and application scenarios, then makes a comparison to Blueteeth, WIFI and other wireless communications technologies and do further analysis to protocols of NFC technology standards such as LLCP, NDEF.
Again, the focus of this paper is achievement of NFC technology in Android system. The hierarchy of technology includes application layer, the hardward abstraction layer, the host control interface layer and data link layer. The article do more in-depth research on various levels of layer especially HCP protocol in host control interface layer. The driver describes data transmission process between Android mobile phone and NFC chip using I2C protocol. The Android phone with driver can achieve normal NFC communication.
Finally, the most common use of Mifare card equipped with NFC information is successfully produced. The article detailed describes the process of production of card, the card detection and NFC data detection. The further experiments verifies card reader model and pear-to-pear model in NFC communication.
论文主要包括以下几个方面内容：
首先,本文介绍了NFC技术的研究意义、发展现状和Android的基本概念,并对Android开发模式做了详细的分析。在对系统架构作了分析的基础上详细的描述Android应用程序的构成。
其次,介绍了NFC技术的通讯模式、工作模式和应用场景,将NFC技术与其他的无线通讯技术比如蓝牙、WIFI做了对比,对NFC技术标准中的LLCP (Logical Link Control Protocol)、NDEF (NFC Data Extrange Format)协议做了进一步的分析。
再次,本文的重点是在Android系统中实现NFC技术。该技术实现的层次结构包括应用层、硬件抽象层、主机控制接口层和数据链路层,文章中对各个层次特别是主机控制接口层中HCP (Host Controller Protocol)协议进行了较为深入的研究。在驱动程序中详细描述了利用12C协议完成Android手机和NFC芯片之间的数据传输过程,并在实际的Android手机中集成该驱动程序完成NFC的通信过程。
最后,利用最常见的Mifare卡成功制作了搭载有NFC信息的卡片,详细描述了卡片的制作、卡片的检测以及NFC数据检测的过程,通过实验进一步验证了NFC通信中读卡器模式和点对点通信模式的正确性。
NFC is a short-range wireless communications which sponsored by Philips and main pushed by Sony, Nokia and other leading international manufacturers. By intergrating induction card, induction reader and point-to-point function in a NFC chip, this technology can provide communication in a short-range with a compatible device in order to achieve identification and data exchange. Android mobile phone with the integrated NFC chip can read the information of other NFC devices or other NFC lable and achieve a small electronic payment. Because of NFC short operating distance, which greatly simplifies the entire identification process, you can visit each other electronic devices more secure, direct and clear.Computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, PDA and other electronic devices can connect with each other wirelessly, quickly and safely through NFC, so as to process the data exchange.
Paper includes the following aspects:
First, the article describes the significance of NFC technology research, development status and the basic concepts of Android, then do a detailed analysis to Android development model. The detailed description of the composition of Android application based on the analysis of system atchitecture.
Secondly, the article describes NFC technology communication mode, working mode and application scenarios, then makes a comparison to Blueteeth, WIFI and other wireless communications technologies and do further analysis to protocols of NFC technology standards such as LLCP, NDEF.
Again, the focus of this paper is achievement of NFC technology in Android system. The hierarchy of technology includes application layer, the hardward abstraction layer, the host control interface layer and data link layer. The article do more in-depth research on various levels of layer especially HCP protocol in host control interface layer. The driver describes data transmission process between Android mobile phone and NFC chip using I2C protocol. The Android phone with driver can achieve normal NFC communication.
Finally, the most common use of Mifare card equipped with NFC information is successfully produced. The article detailed describes the process of production of card, the card detection and NFC data detection. The further experiments verifies card reader model and pear-to-pear model in NFC communication.
引文
[1]刘浩.基于NFC技术的近场通信应用探索[J].中国无线电,2010(12)：34-35.
[2]杨晓娟.NFC在手机中的应用-NFC芯片用于世博刷卡及蓝牙识别[J].移动通信,2011(11)：71-72.
[3]丛秋波.NXP：加强专注领域领导地位[J].电子设计技术,2009(8)：70.
[4]陆凯,孟旭东.NFC技术的应用、标准进展及测试[J].现代电信科技,2008,11(11)：18-20.
[5]International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 18092. Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Near Filed Communication-Interface and Protocol(NFCIP-1)[S],April 2004.
[6]International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 21481. Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Near Filed Communication-Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-2)[S], 2004.
[7]姚刚.NFC技术将经由Android平台走向普及[J].电子设计技术,2011(3)：68-69.
[8]杜启宏,郭达.基于智能卡的NFC技术的研究[J].移动期刊,2010(3-4)：95-97.
[9]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS LLCP_1.0. Logical Link Control Protocol Technical Specification[S], December 2009.
[10]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS NDEF_1.0. NFC Data Exchange Formate Technical Specification(NDEF), July 2006.
[11]韩超,梁泉Android系统原理及开发要点[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[12]李号Android/OPhone开发讲义[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2010.
[13]田俊静,张波,黄湘情,等.Android基础教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[14]勒岩,姚尚朗Android开发入门与实战[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[15]王世江,余志龙,陈昱勋,等Google Android SDK开发范例大全(第二版)[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[16]公安部第一研究所.全国计算机安全学术交流会论文集第二十五卷.[C].北京：[出版者不详],2010.
[17]杨军.NFC技术的应用、标准进展及测试[J].现代电信科技,2010,10(10)：1-2.
[18]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS Type 1 Tag_1.0. Type 1 Tag operation Specification, July 2007.
[19]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS RTD_1.0. NFC Record Type Definition Technical Specification(RTD),July 2006.
[20]European Telecommunication Standards Institute. ETSI TS 102 622. Smart Cards, UICC-Contactless Front-end(CLF) Interface, Host Controller Interface(HCI)[S], June 2009.
[21]韩丽英.基于NFC的系统的SWP接口设计与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学网络技术研究院,2010.
[22]晏鹏.NFC接收机的研究与设计[D].上海：复旦大学信息科学与工程学院,2009.
[23]刘玉军,申晔,符锐,等.SWP/HCI协议栈测试研究[J].中国集成电路,2011(4)：74-77.
[24]宋宝华,LINUX设备驱动开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[25]柯元旦Android内核剖析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011.
[26]季晓勇.应用与移动支付的混沌加密芯片设计[D].南京：南京大学,2011
[27]申玮.NFC移动支付运营模式研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学经济管理学院,2008.
[28]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS RTD_URI_1.0. URI Record Type Definition Technical Specification, July 2006.
[2]杨晓娟.NFC在手机中的应用-NFC芯片用于世博刷卡及蓝牙识别[J].移动通信,2011(11)：71-72.
[3]丛秋波.NXP：加强专注领域领导地位[J].电子设计技术,2009(8)：70.
[4]陆凯,孟旭东.NFC技术的应用、标准进展及测试[J].现代电信科技,2008,11(11)：18-20.
[5]International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 18092. Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Near Filed Communication-Interface and Protocol(NFCIP-1)[S],April 2004.
[6]International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 21481. Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Near Filed Communication-Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-2)[S], 2004.
[7]姚刚.NFC技术将经由Android平台走向普及[J].电子设计技术,2011(3)：68-69.
[8]杜启宏,郭达.基于智能卡的NFC技术的研究[J].移动期刊,2010(3-4)：95-97.
[9]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS LLCP_1.0. Logical Link Control Protocol Technical Specification[S], December 2009.
[10]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS NDEF_1.0. NFC Data Exchange Formate Technical Specification(NDEF), July 2006.
[11]韩超,梁泉Android系统原理及开发要点[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[12]李号Android/OPhone开发讲义[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2010.
[13]田俊静,张波,黄湘情,等.Android基础教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[14]勒岩,姚尚朗Android开发入门与实战[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[15]王世江,余志龙,陈昱勋,等Google Android SDK开发范例大全(第二版)[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[16]公安部第一研究所.全国计算机安全学术交流会论文集第二十五卷.[C].北京：[出版者不详],2010.
[17]杨军.NFC技术的应用、标准进展及测试[J].现代电信科技,2010,10(10)：1-2.
[18]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS Type 1 Tag_1.0. Type 1 Tag operation Specification, July 2007.
[19]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS RTD_1.0. NFC Record Type Definition Technical Specification(RTD),July 2006.
[20]European Telecommunication Standards Institute. ETSI TS 102 622. Smart Cards, UICC-Contactless Front-end(CLF) Interface, Host Controller Interface(HCI)[S], June 2009.
[21]韩丽英.基于NFC的系统的SWP接口设计与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学网络技术研究院,2010.
[22]晏鹏.NFC接收机的研究与设计[D].上海：复旦大学信息科学与工程学院,2009.
[23]刘玉军,申晔,符锐,等.SWP/HCI协议栈测试研究[J].中国集成电路,2011(4)：74-77.
[24]宋宝华,LINUX设备驱动开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[25]柯元旦Android内核剖析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011.
[26]季晓勇.应用与移动支付的混沌加密芯片设计[D].南京：南京大学,2011
[27]申玮.NFC移动支付运营模式研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学经济管理学院,2008.
[28]NFC Forum. NFCForum TS RTD_URI_1.0. URI Record Type Definition Technical Specification, July 2006.