机械挖掘机工作装置的性能分析
摘要
本篇论文以鞍山矿业公司大孤山铁矿10m~3挖掘机为例:针对挖掘机起重臂在正常使用过程中,存在中间轴支承处附近的母材焊缝处出现撕裂的现象,根据有限元原理并应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,从实际情况出发,对10m~3挖掘机的起重臂危险得工作状态进行应力和应变分析,并找出在现场的工况条件下,起重臂的结构产生变形与破坏的原因。
通过对10m~3挖掘机起重臂几种受力情况比较严重的工况进行应力和应变的有限元分析,结论表明:挖掘机起重臂设计满足强度、刚度要求。挖掘机起重臂制造过程保证不了产品质量以及现场工况条件下操作不合理是起重臂局部撕裂失效的主要原因。因此,本文提出了提高起重臂制造质量,加强挖掘机的使用、维护管理,延长起重臂使用寿命的措施和建议,为从事矿产品的开采与挖掘的企业提供良好的设备保证。同时,对起重臂的其它的不合理结构采取相应改善措施。本文应用ANSYS软件完成了挖掘机起重臂的三维造型,清晰的表达出起重臂的三维构造,并用ANSYS软件对挖掘机工作装置进行了有限元分析,它为今后起重臂的强度、刚度计算和结构的设计与改进创造了条件。
The thesis is the example of the 10m~3 excavating machine which is be long to the Dagushan plant of the Anshan mineral company .In the day to day to process of using the lift-pole of the 10m~3 excavating machine, near-ly the middle axis, there is a phenomenon that steel plates are always ri-pped . According to the principle of the limited cells and apply the ANSYS system analysis software of the limited cells,face to mineral working Fact ,analyzing a few states to be forced the deforms of the lift-pole 10m~3 excavating machine .Try to find out the deform reasons of lift-pole's structure and being destroyed reasons ,in the mineral work fact.
Though we analyzed a few forces and deforms of relatively serious working states of the lift-pole of 10 cubic meter excavating machine .We thank the now adopted manufacture process of lift-pole not to approve the designed to ask standards and in the beastly working circumstance ,rudely manipulations were mainly reasons to result the parts of lift-pole to be ripped and lost its own functions .So , present the methods and good advices to improve the quality of the lift-pole and strengthen to managed about using and preserving ,prolong to using age. Provide surety equipment to these companies that engaged to exploit and excavate mines .Simultaneous ,we would adopt fit methods to change not reasonable structures of the lift-pole .
The article applied Pro/E there-directions-design's technology to achieve there-directions-design's model of the lift-pole ,clear expressto the there-directions structure of the lift-pole ,for later ,we would calculate the strengthen of the lift-pole ,design and advance the structure to create all kinds of conditions .
通过对10m~3挖掘机起重臂几种受力情况比较严重的工况进行应力和应变的有限元分析,结论表明:挖掘机起重臂设计满足强度、刚度要求。挖掘机起重臂制造过程保证不了产品质量以及现场工况条件下操作不合理是起重臂局部撕裂失效的主要原因。因此,本文提出了提高起重臂制造质量,加强挖掘机的使用、维护管理,延长起重臂使用寿命的措施和建议,为从事矿产品的开采与挖掘的企业提供良好的设备保证。同时,对起重臂的其它的不合理结构采取相应改善措施。本文应用ANSYS软件完成了挖掘机起重臂的三维造型,清晰的表达出起重臂的三维构造,并用ANSYS软件对挖掘机工作装置进行了有限元分析,它为今后起重臂的强度、刚度计算和结构的设计与改进创造了条件。
The thesis is the example of the 10m~3 excavating machine which is be long to the Dagushan plant of the Anshan mineral company .In the day to day to process of using the lift-pole of the 10m~3 excavating machine, near-ly the middle axis, there is a phenomenon that steel plates are always ri-pped . According to the principle of the limited cells and apply the ANSYS system analysis software of the limited cells,face to mineral working Fact ,analyzing a few states to be forced the deforms of the lift-pole 10m~3 excavating machine .Try to find out the deform reasons of lift-pole's structure and being destroyed reasons ,in the mineral work fact.
Though we analyzed a few forces and deforms of relatively serious working states of the lift-pole of 10 cubic meter excavating machine .We thank the now adopted manufacture process of lift-pole not to approve the designed to ask standards and in the beastly working circumstance ,rudely manipulations were mainly reasons to result the parts of lift-pole to be ripped and lost its own functions .So , present the methods and good advices to improve the quality of the lift-pole and strengthen to managed about using and preserving ,prolong to using age. Provide surety equipment to these companies that engaged to exploit and excavate mines .Simultaneous ,we would adopt fit methods to change not reasonable structures of the lift-pole .
The article applied Pro/E there-directions-design's technology to achieve there-directions-design's model of the lift-pole ,clear expressto the there-directions structure of the lift-pole ,for later ,we would calculate the strengthen of the lift-pole ,design and advance the structure to create all kinds of conditions .
引文
[1]华东水利学院.《弹性力学问题的有限单元法》(修订板).水利电力出版社,1978
[2]朱伯芳.有限单元法原来与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979
[3]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[4]诸德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[5]马文华.弹性、塑性、有限元[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1983
[6]王助成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[7]钱伟长.变分法与有限元[M].北京:科学出版社,1981
[8]胡海昌.弹性力学的变分原理及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,1981
[9]龙驭球.变分原理.有限元.壳体分析[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987
[10]熊祝华,刘子廷.弹性力学变分原理[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988
[11]龙驭球,包世华.结构力学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[12]王勋成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第2版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[13]吴洪庆,任霞.结构有限元分析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[14]ANSYS.ANSYS建模及分网指南.中国:2000
[15]丁华.液压挖掘机起重臂的有限元分析[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(4)
[16]史清录.挖掘机起重臂重量及重心位置的计算方法[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2003(4)
[17]李育文.最大卸载半径时2000CL挖掘机起重臂应力和变形计算[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,2(1)
[18]华东水利学院.弹性力学问题的有限元法[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1974(第一版),1978(修订版)
[19]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979
[20]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[21]诸德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[22]欧阳,马文华等.弹性塑性有限元[M].湖南科学技术出版社,1983
[23]王助成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[24]钱伟长.变分法与有限元[M].北京:科学出版社,1980
[25]胡海昌.弹性力学的变分原理及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1981
[26]龙驭球.变分原理有限元壳体分析[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987
[27]熊祝华.刘子廷.弹性力学变分原理[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988
[28]龙驭球.包世华.结构力学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[29]龙驭球.新型有限元引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[30]王燕.数学方法与机械设计[J].矿山机械,1999,31(11):74-75
[31]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元法基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[32]石沛林.装载机工作装置有限元分析及横梁位置确定[J].工程机械,1999,40(10):20-21
[33]付玲.推土机平衡梁高精度有限元分析及试验研究[J].工程机械,1998,40(9):13-15
[34]李德葆,陆秋海.实验模态分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[35]阎书文.矿山机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[36]同济大学等编著.单斗液压挖掘机[M].北京:中国建筑供应出版社,1980
[37]董明晓,张明勤.挖掘机运动学分析新方法[J].建筑机械化.2001.5
[38]李兰生,边仁国,邹占江.液压挖掘机工作装置运动学分析及轨迹规划.矿山机械.1998.2
[39]丁利东.挖掘机挖掘阻力谱动态建模与仿真研究[硕士论文].1984
[40]周丽.机械式挖掘机工作装置的优化与仿真[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,1999
[41]刘本学.液压挖掘机反铲工作装置的有限元分析[硕士学位论文].长安大学,2003
[42]曹善华.单斗挖掘机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[43]迟永滨,李仕新,杜群贵.挖掘机反铲装置优化设计的方法与策略[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2003,24
[44]於仁灵.矿山机械构造[M].北京:.机械工业出版社.1983.4
[45]忻尚正.矿山机械[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1982.1
[46]李家武.挖掘机动臂与转台连接轴损坏的原因分析[J].工程机械,2001,(10)
[47]Shames I.H,Dye C.L Energy and Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanize Hemisphere 1985
[48]Zienkiewicz, O. C., The Finite Element Method McGraw-Hill 1977
[49]Brian. J. Schwarz & Mark. H. EXPERIMENTAL MODAL ANALYSIS. Richardson Vibrant Technology, Inc. Jamestown, California 95327.
[50]Argyrols, J. H., Kelsey , S., Energy Theorems and Structural Analysis, Butterworth Scienufic Publications, 1960
[51] Strange, G., Fix, G., An Analysis of tie Finite Element Method Prenticc-Hzli, 1973
[52] Cook, R. D., Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis John Wiley &Sons, 1974-1981
[53] Bathe K. J Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis Prentice-Hall, 1982
[54] Allure S. N, Gallagher, R. H, Zienkiewicz, O. C, Hybrid and Mixed Finite Element Mods, John Wiley & Sons , 1983
[2]朱伯芳.有限单元法原来与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979
[3]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[4]诸德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[5]马文华.弹性、塑性、有限元[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1983
[6]王助成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[7]钱伟长.变分法与有限元[M].北京:科学出版社,1981
[8]胡海昌.弹性力学的变分原理及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,1981
[9]龙驭球.变分原理.有限元.壳体分析[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987
[10]熊祝华,刘子廷.弹性力学变分原理[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988
[11]龙驭球,包世华.结构力学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[12]王勋成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第2版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[13]吴洪庆,任霞.结构有限元分析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[14]ANSYS.ANSYS建模及分网指南.中国:2000
[15]丁华.液压挖掘机起重臂的有限元分析[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(4)
[16]史清录.挖掘机起重臂重量及重心位置的计算方法[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2003(4)
[17]李育文.最大卸载半径时2000CL挖掘机起重臂应力和变形计算[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,2(1)
[18]华东水利学院.弹性力学问题的有限元法[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1974(第一版),1978(修订版)
[19]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979
[20]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[21]诸德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[22]欧阳,马文华等.弹性塑性有限元[M].湖南科学技术出版社,1983
[23]王助成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[24]钱伟长.变分法与有限元[M].北京:科学出版社,1980
[25]胡海昌.弹性力学的变分原理及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1981
[26]龙驭球.变分原理有限元壳体分析[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987
[27]熊祝华.刘子廷.弹性力学变分原理[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988
[28]龙驭球.包世华.结构力学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[29]龙驭球.新型有限元引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[30]王燕.数学方法与机械设计[J].矿山机械,1999,31(11):74-75
[31]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元法基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[32]石沛林.装载机工作装置有限元分析及横梁位置确定[J].工程机械,1999,40(10):20-21
[33]付玲.推土机平衡梁高精度有限元分析及试验研究[J].工程机械,1998,40(9):13-15
[34]李德葆,陆秋海.实验模态分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[35]阎书文.矿山机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[36]同济大学等编著.单斗液压挖掘机[M].北京:中国建筑供应出版社,1980
[37]董明晓,张明勤.挖掘机运动学分析新方法[J].建筑机械化.2001.5
[38]李兰生,边仁国,邹占江.液压挖掘机工作装置运动学分析及轨迹规划.矿山机械.1998.2
[39]丁利东.挖掘机挖掘阻力谱动态建模与仿真研究[硕士论文].1984
[40]周丽.机械式挖掘机工作装置的优化与仿真[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,1999
[41]刘本学.液压挖掘机反铲工作装置的有限元分析[硕士学位论文].长安大学,2003
[42]曹善华.单斗挖掘机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[43]迟永滨,李仕新,杜群贵.挖掘机反铲装置优化设计的方法与策略[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2003,24
[44]於仁灵.矿山机械构造[M].北京:.机械工业出版社.1983.4
[45]忻尚正.矿山机械[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1982.1
[46]李家武.挖掘机动臂与转台连接轴损坏的原因分析[J].工程机械,2001,(10)
[47]Shames I.H,Dye C.L Energy and Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanize Hemisphere 1985
[48]Zienkiewicz, O. C., The Finite Element Method McGraw-Hill 1977
[49]Brian. J. Schwarz & Mark. H. EXPERIMENTAL MODAL ANALYSIS. Richardson Vibrant Technology, Inc. Jamestown, California 95327.
[50]Argyrols, J. H., Kelsey , S., Energy Theorems and Structural Analysis, Butterworth Scienufic Publications, 1960
[51] Strange, G., Fix, G., An Analysis of tie Finite Element Method Prenticc-Hzli, 1973
[52] Cook, R. D., Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis John Wiley &Sons, 1974-1981
[53] Bathe K. J Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis Prentice-Hall, 1982
[54] Allure S. N, Gallagher, R. H, Zienkiewicz, O. C, Hybrid and Mixed Finite Element Mods, John Wiley & Sons , 1983