模态曲率差技术在薄板损伤检测中的应用
|
摘要
大多数的工程结构,在遭受到地震、火灾等自然灾害或者长期的疲劳荷载和腐蚀作用下,常常会引起结构损伤,随着损伤的积累,其危险程度也逐步提高。结构损伤判断及损伤位置的确定,可以帮助人们对结构进行实时修复或改变结构的操作使用方法,以便降低结构的损伤积累程度,减少经济损失。
因此,结构损伤诊断技术倍受国内外建筑行业的重视,但其作为一个新的研究领域发展并不完善,本文主要针对板结构提出了基于模态曲率差的损伤识别方法。
首先,介绍了损伤识别技术在国内外的发展,对目前所采用的各种损伤识别方法的分类作了简单介绍,探讨损伤识别方法存在的问题和改进方法。
其次,总结了基于模态曲率差的结构损伤识别方法的理论,给出采用这种方法进行结构损伤识别的基本原理、概念及数值计算方法。
再次,以固支板和简支板为研究对象,采用改变单元弹性模量的方法模拟结构损伤,应用基于模态曲率差的损伤识别方法识别结构损伤。分析可知,用模态曲率差法进行结构损伤识别,仅有损伤单元的模态曲率差的值发生明显的变化,可以准确判定损伤的位置,但是损伤程度须借助其它方法综合判定。
最后,利用ANSYS软件良好的开放性、可定制性,及其提供的二次开发途径,根据自身的需要在标准ANSYS版本上利用用户界面设计语言(UIDL)和参数化程序设计语言(APDL)进行功能扩充和系统集成,生成具有行业分析特点和符合用户需要的用户版本的ANSYS程序,从而实现设计和分析的易用性、高效性。
Most of the engineering structures, when subjected to the natural disasters such as earthquake and fire or the action of the long-term fatigue loading and erosion, will often induce the damage of the structure. With the accumulation of the damage, its criticality will be gradually enhanced. The real time repair can be done and the means of the operation can be changed with the help of the judgment of the structure damage and the confirmation of the locality of the damage, so as to degrade the accumulation degree of the damage of the structure and reduce the economy loss.
Consequently great attention is given to the diagnosis technique of the damage of the structure in the architecture industry domestic and abroad. But as a new study field, its development is incomplete. In this paper, the methods of the damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode for the plates are brought forward.
Firstly, the development of the damage identification technique of domestic and abroad is introduced. The classification of all kinds of damage identification methods which are usually adopted at present is simply introduced. The problems and the improvement of the methods of the damage identification are discussed.
Secondly, the theories of the method of structure damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode are summarized. The rationale of the method which is adopted to carry out the structure damage identification is presented. And the definition and the numerical analysis methods of the damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode are presented.
Thirdly, the clamped slab and the simply supported slab are taken as the study objects. The structural damage is simulated by changing the elastic modulus of elements. In this paper, the method of the damage identification which is based on the difference of the curvature mode is used. By analysis, the location of the structure damage can be identified exactly by using the method of the difference of the curvature mode because only the difference of the curvature mode of the damage element changed obviously. But the degree of the damage can not be identified by this method and must be generally determined by other methods.
Finally, a non-standard ANSYS analysis module is created by using User Interface Design Language (UIDL) and ANSYS Parameter Design Language (APDL) at standard ANSYS version based on self-need because we all know that the ANSYS software has the excellence of the nice property of opening and its property of customization. So the use accessibility and the high effectiveness can be realized in the process of design and analysis.
因此,结构损伤诊断技术倍受国内外建筑行业的重视,但其作为一个新的研究领域发展并不完善,本文主要针对板结构提出了基于模态曲率差的损伤识别方法。
首先,介绍了损伤识别技术在国内外的发展,对目前所采用的各种损伤识别方法的分类作了简单介绍,探讨损伤识别方法存在的问题和改进方法。
其次,总结了基于模态曲率差的结构损伤识别方法的理论,给出采用这种方法进行结构损伤识别的基本原理、概念及数值计算方法。
再次,以固支板和简支板为研究对象,采用改变单元弹性模量的方法模拟结构损伤,应用基于模态曲率差的损伤识别方法识别结构损伤。分析可知,用模态曲率差法进行结构损伤识别,仅有损伤单元的模态曲率差的值发生明显的变化,可以准确判定损伤的位置,但是损伤程度须借助其它方法综合判定。
最后,利用ANSYS软件良好的开放性、可定制性,及其提供的二次开发途径,根据自身的需要在标准ANSYS版本上利用用户界面设计语言(UIDL)和参数化程序设计语言(APDL)进行功能扩充和系统集成,生成具有行业分析特点和符合用户需要的用户版本的ANSYS程序,从而实现设计和分析的易用性、高效性。
Most of the engineering structures, when subjected to the natural disasters such as earthquake and fire or the action of the long-term fatigue loading and erosion, will often induce the damage of the structure. With the accumulation of the damage, its criticality will be gradually enhanced. The real time repair can be done and the means of the operation can be changed with the help of the judgment of the structure damage and the confirmation of the locality of the damage, so as to degrade the accumulation degree of the damage of the structure and reduce the economy loss.
Consequently great attention is given to the diagnosis technique of the damage of the structure in the architecture industry domestic and abroad. But as a new study field, its development is incomplete. In this paper, the methods of the damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode for the plates are brought forward.
Firstly, the development of the damage identification technique of domestic and abroad is introduced. The classification of all kinds of damage identification methods which are usually adopted at present is simply introduced. The problems and the improvement of the methods of the damage identification are discussed.
Secondly, the theories of the method of structure damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode are summarized. The rationale of the method which is adopted to carry out the structure damage identification is presented. And the definition and the numerical analysis methods of the damage identification which are based on the difference of the curvature mode are presented.
Thirdly, the clamped slab and the simply supported slab are taken as the study objects. The structural damage is simulated by changing the elastic modulus of elements. In this paper, the method of the damage identification which is based on the difference of the curvature mode is used. By analysis, the location of the structure damage can be identified exactly by using the method of the difference of the curvature mode because only the difference of the curvature mode of the damage element changed obviously. But the degree of the damage can not be identified by this method and must be generally determined by other methods.
Finally, a non-standard ANSYS analysis module is created by using User Interface Design Language (UIDL) and ANSYS Parameter Design Language (APDL) at standard ANSYS version based on self-need because we all know that the ANSYS software has the excellence of the nice property of opening and its property of customization. So the use accessibility and the high effectiveness can be realized in the process of design and analysis.
引文
[1]张德海,朱浮声.结构损伤智能诊断研究进展[J].力学与实践,2003,25(4):1-6.
[2]Doebling S W,Farrar C R,Prime M B.A summery review of vibration-based damage identification[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1998,30(2):91-105.
[3]Jenckins C H,kjerengtroen L,Oestensen H.Sensitivity of parameter change in structural damage detection[J].Shock and Vibration,1997,4(1):23-27.
[4]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82-90.
[5]郭巍.基于应变及应变模态变化率的薄板损伤数值分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2006:3.
[6]韩大建,王文东.基于振动的结构损伤识别方法的近期研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):91-96.
[7]Housner G W et al.Structural Control:Past,Present and Future[J].A SCE,Jourua/of Engineering Mechanics,1997,123(9):897-971.
[8]陈长征,罗跃纲,白秉三等.结构损伤检测与智能诊断[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2001.
[9]Yoon D J et al.Assessment of Integrity of Concrete Bridge Structures by Acoustic Emission Technique[R].NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics,San Diego,2002,4704-32.
[10]胡自力,熊克,杨红.基于智能材料结构的几种损伤评价方法[J].航空学报,2002,23(1):1-5.
[11]张海燕.一种新的超声波检测中缺陷定性识别方法的探讨[J].振动工程学报.1998.
[12]李为杜.红外线检测技术基于原理及应用[J].施工技术,1998,27(11):34.
[13]吴宗凡,柳美琳.红外与微光技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998:259-265.
[14]曾令可,吴卫生.陶瓷的无损检测[J].中国陶瓷工业,1995,(2):12-16.
[15]刘莹,张记龙.材料的红外无损检测技术及其进展[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(4):275-279.
[16]朱建堂.激光、红外和微波无损检测技术的应用与发展[J].无损检测,1997,19(11):315-316.
[17]张仁瑜.建筑工程质量检测新技术[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2001:15-16.
[18[袁昕,谢慧才,陈高峰.建筑物外墙饰面砖粘贴质量的红外热像检测试验研究[J].四川建筑科技研究,2003,29(2):43-45.
[19]Titman D J.Applications of thermography in non-destructive testing of structures[J].NDT and E international,2001,34(2):149-154.
[20]廖鹏程等.超声红外热像检测中缺陷发热的瞬态温度场的有限元分析[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2005,41(1):98-104.
[21]孙鸿敏,李宏男.土木工程结构健康监测研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(3):93-98.
[22]Adams R D,Cawley R Pye,and Stone.A vibration techniaue for non-destructively assessing the integrity of structures[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering science,1978,20(2):93-100.
[23]Cawley P and Adams R D.The location of defects in structures from measurements of the natural frequencies[J].Journal of Strain Analysis,1979,14(2):49-57.
[24]Hearn G,and testa R B.Modal analysis for damage detection in structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1991,117(10):3042-3061.
[25]Robert Y,Liang,Jialou Hu and Fred Choy.Theoretical study of crack-induced eigenfrequency changes on beam structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1992,118(2):384-396.
[26]Khiem N Y and Lien T V.A simplified method for natural frequency analysis of a multiple cracked beam[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2001,245(4):437-751.
[27]Yang X R,Swamidas A S J and Seshadri R.Crack identification in vibrating beams using the energy method[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2001,244(2):339-357.
[28]周先雁,沈蒲生,刘希.用断裂动力学对混凝土平面杆系进行破损评估.湖南大学学报,1998,25(1):66-76.
[29]Pandey A K,Biswas M and Samman M M.Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes[J].Journal of sound and vibration,1991,145(2):321-332.
[30]Yao G C,Chang K C,Lee G C.Damage diagnosis of steel frames using vibratioal signature analysis[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1992,118(9):1949-1961.
[31]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184-188.
[32]祁建城,李若新等.汽车主动悬架最优控制[J].汽车工程,1999,2(1):15-20.
[33]李宏男,李东升,赵柏东.光纤健康监测方法在土木工程中的研究与应用进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(6):76-83.
[34]袁颖,林皋,柳春光,等.遗传算法在结构损伤识别中的应用研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(4):369-374.
[35]易伟健,刘霞.结构损伤诊断的遗传算法研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(5):114-118.
[36]徐洪钟,吴中如.基于小波分析的大坝观测数据异常值检测[J].水电能源科学,2002,20(4):20-21.
[37]Hou Z,Noori M,Am R St.Wavelet Based Approach for Structural Damage Detection[J].ASCE,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(7):677-683.
[38]Al-Khalidy Aet al.A study of health monitoring systems of linear structures using wavelet analysis[J].ASME PVP,1997,347:49-58.
[39]李宏男,阎石,林皋.智能结构控制发展综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):29-36.
[40]梁艳春.计算智能与力学反问题中的若干问题[J].力学进展,2000,30(3):321-331.
[41]高赞明,孙宗光,倪一清.基于振动方法的汲水门大桥损伤监测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):117-123.
[42]Xin Yao.A Review of Evolutionary Artificial Neural Networks[J].International Journal of Intelligent Systems,1992,(8):539-567.
[43]Widraw B.Neural Networks' Application in Industry,Business and Science[J].Communication of the ACM,1994,37(1):93-105.
[44]Specht D F.Probabilistic neural networks[J].Neural Networks,1990,(3):109-118.
[45]王柏生,倪一清,高赞明.用概率神经网络进行结构损伤位置识别[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):60-64.
[46]姜绍飞,刘奎浩,廖云等.基于概率神经网络的悬索桥损伤定位研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(5):480-483.
[47]Zhang Qinghua,Bm venlste A.Wavelet Networks[J].IEEE Trans.On Nel lm 1 Networks,1992,3(6):889-898.
[48]张红英,吴斌.小波神经网络的研究及其发展[J].西南工学院学报,2002,17(1):8-10.
[49]Wu X J,Ghaboussi,Garrett.Use of neural networks in detection of structural damage[J].Computers and Structures,1992,42(4):649-659.
[50]朱宏平,张源.基于自适应BP神经网络的结构损伤检测[J].力学学报,2003,35(1):110-116.
[51]吴耀军,陶宝祺.基于小波神经网络的复合材料损伤诊断[J].航空学报,1997,18(2):252-256.
[52]陆秋海.基于应变模态理论的结构修改和损伤神经网络辨识法研究[D].北京:清华大学,1997:5.
[53]Philip J C,Farrar C R,Doebling S W,et al.Environmental variability of modal properties[J].Experimental Techniques,1999,23(6):45-48.
[54]Doebling S W,Farrar C R,Prime M B.Summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1998,30(2):91-105.
[55]Stubbs N.Global non-destructive damage evaluation in solid[J].International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis,1990,5(2):67-79.
[56]Fugate M L,Hoon S,Farrar C R.Unsupervised learning methods for vibration-based damage detection[C].18~(th)International Modal Analysis Coherence.San Antonio,SPIE,2000:652-659.
[57]徐芝纶.弹性力学(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:103-106.
[58]梅向明,黄敬之.微分几何[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:101-135.
[59]曲庆璋,章权,季求知,梁兴复.弹性板理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:284-286.
[60]郭乙木,万力,黄丹.有限元法与MSC.Nastran软件的工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:57-60.
[2]Doebling S W,Farrar C R,Prime M B.A summery review of vibration-based damage identification[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1998,30(2):91-105.
[3]Jenckins C H,kjerengtroen L,Oestensen H.Sensitivity of parameter change in structural damage detection[J].Shock and Vibration,1997,4(1):23-27.
[4]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82-90.
[5]郭巍.基于应变及应变模态变化率的薄板损伤数值分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2006:3.
[6]韩大建,王文东.基于振动的结构损伤识别方法的近期研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):91-96.
[7]Housner G W et al.Structural Control:Past,Present and Future[J].A SCE,Jourua/of Engineering Mechanics,1997,123(9):897-971.
[8]陈长征,罗跃纲,白秉三等.结构损伤检测与智能诊断[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2001.
[9]Yoon D J et al.Assessment of Integrity of Concrete Bridge Structures by Acoustic Emission Technique[R].NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics,San Diego,2002,4704-32.
[10]胡自力,熊克,杨红.基于智能材料结构的几种损伤评价方法[J].航空学报,2002,23(1):1-5.
[11]张海燕.一种新的超声波检测中缺陷定性识别方法的探讨[J].振动工程学报.1998.
[12]李为杜.红外线检测技术基于原理及应用[J].施工技术,1998,27(11):34.
[13]吴宗凡,柳美琳.红外与微光技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998:259-265.
[14]曾令可,吴卫生.陶瓷的无损检测[J].中国陶瓷工业,1995,(2):12-16.
[15]刘莹,张记龙.材料的红外无损检测技术及其进展[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(4):275-279.
[16]朱建堂.激光、红外和微波无损检测技术的应用与发展[J].无损检测,1997,19(11):315-316.
[17]张仁瑜.建筑工程质量检测新技术[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2001:15-16.
[18[袁昕,谢慧才,陈高峰.建筑物外墙饰面砖粘贴质量的红外热像检测试验研究[J].四川建筑科技研究,2003,29(2):43-45.
[19]Titman D J.Applications of thermography in non-destructive testing of structures[J].NDT and E international,2001,34(2):149-154.
[20]廖鹏程等.超声红外热像检测中缺陷发热的瞬态温度场的有限元分析[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2005,41(1):98-104.
[21]孙鸿敏,李宏男.土木工程结构健康监测研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(3):93-98.
[22]Adams R D,Cawley R Pye,and Stone.A vibration techniaue for non-destructively assessing the integrity of structures[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering science,1978,20(2):93-100.
[23]Cawley P and Adams R D.The location of defects in structures from measurements of the natural frequencies[J].Journal of Strain Analysis,1979,14(2):49-57.
[24]Hearn G,and testa R B.Modal analysis for damage detection in structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1991,117(10):3042-3061.
[25]Robert Y,Liang,Jialou Hu and Fred Choy.Theoretical study of crack-induced eigenfrequency changes on beam structures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1992,118(2):384-396.
[26]Khiem N Y and Lien T V.A simplified method for natural frequency analysis of a multiple cracked beam[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2001,245(4):437-751.
[27]Yang X R,Swamidas A S J and Seshadri R.Crack identification in vibrating beams using the energy method[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2001,244(2):339-357.
[28]周先雁,沈蒲生,刘希.用断裂动力学对混凝土平面杆系进行破损评估.湖南大学学报,1998,25(1):66-76.
[29]Pandey A K,Biswas M and Samman M M.Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes[J].Journal of sound and vibration,1991,145(2):321-332.
[30]Yao G C,Chang K C,Lee G C.Damage diagnosis of steel frames using vibratioal signature analysis[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1992,118(9):1949-1961.
[31]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184-188.
[32]祁建城,李若新等.汽车主动悬架最优控制[J].汽车工程,1999,2(1):15-20.
[33]李宏男,李东升,赵柏东.光纤健康监测方法在土木工程中的研究与应用进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(6):76-83.
[34]袁颖,林皋,柳春光,等.遗传算法在结构损伤识别中的应用研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(4):369-374.
[35]易伟健,刘霞.结构损伤诊断的遗传算法研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(5):114-118.
[36]徐洪钟,吴中如.基于小波分析的大坝观测数据异常值检测[J].水电能源科学,2002,20(4):20-21.
[37]Hou Z,Noori M,Am R St.Wavelet Based Approach for Structural Damage Detection[J].ASCE,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(7):677-683.
[38]Al-Khalidy Aet al.A study of health monitoring systems of linear structures using wavelet analysis[J].ASME PVP,1997,347:49-58.
[39]李宏男,阎石,林皋.智能结构控制发展综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):29-36.
[40]梁艳春.计算智能与力学反问题中的若干问题[J].力学进展,2000,30(3):321-331.
[41]高赞明,孙宗光,倪一清.基于振动方法的汲水门大桥损伤监测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):117-123.
[42]Xin Yao.A Review of Evolutionary Artificial Neural Networks[J].International Journal of Intelligent Systems,1992,(8):539-567.
[43]Widraw B.Neural Networks' Application in Industry,Business and Science[J].Communication of the ACM,1994,37(1):93-105.
[44]Specht D F.Probabilistic neural networks[J].Neural Networks,1990,(3):109-118.
[45]王柏生,倪一清,高赞明.用概率神经网络进行结构损伤位置识别[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):60-64.
[46]姜绍飞,刘奎浩,廖云等.基于概率神经网络的悬索桥损伤定位研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(5):480-483.
[47]Zhang Qinghua,Bm venlste A.Wavelet Networks[J].IEEE Trans.On Nel lm 1 Networks,1992,3(6):889-898.
[48]张红英,吴斌.小波神经网络的研究及其发展[J].西南工学院学报,2002,17(1):8-10.
[49]Wu X J,Ghaboussi,Garrett.Use of neural networks in detection of structural damage[J].Computers and Structures,1992,42(4):649-659.
[50]朱宏平,张源.基于自适应BP神经网络的结构损伤检测[J].力学学报,2003,35(1):110-116.
[51]吴耀军,陶宝祺.基于小波神经网络的复合材料损伤诊断[J].航空学报,1997,18(2):252-256.
[52]陆秋海.基于应变模态理论的结构修改和损伤神经网络辨识法研究[D].北京:清华大学,1997:5.
[53]Philip J C,Farrar C R,Doebling S W,et al.Environmental variability of modal properties[J].Experimental Techniques,1999,23(6):45-48.
[54]Doebling S W,Farrar C R,Prime M B.Summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1998,30(2):91-105.
[55]Stubbs N.Global non-destructive damage evaluation in solid[J].International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis,1990,5(2):67-79.
[56]Fugate M L,Hoon S,Farrar C R.Unsupervised learning methods for vibration-based damage detection[C].18~(th)International Modal Analysis Coherence.San Antonio,SPIE,2000:652-659.
[57]徐芝纶.弹性力学(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:103-106.
[58]梅向明,黄敬之.微分几何[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:101-135.
[59]曲庆璋,章权,季求知,梁兴复.弹性板理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:284-286.
[60]郭乙木,万力,黄丹.有限元法与MSC.Nastran软件的工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:57-60.